2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit2MoralsandVirtuesSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking学案含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUnit2MoralsandVirtues单元核心素养单元话题导读WhatDoesMoralDilemmaMean?PhilosophersasfarbackasPlatohavewrestlednearimpossiblemoralquestionsthattestthecharacterofthepersonmakingthedecision.Today,thesequestionsareknownasmoraldilemmas.However,centuriesofdebatestillleavemanyofthesedilemmasunsolved.DefinitionAmoraldilemmaisdefinedasanysituationinwhichthepersonmakingthedecisionexperiencesaconflictbetweenthemoralrightnessofadecisionandthequalityoftheresultsitproduces.Manytimes,thesedilemmasinvolveamorallywrongdecisionthatproducesadesirableresult,orviceversa.Othertimes,moraldilemmasinvolveadecisioninwhichthepersonisforcedtochooseonlyoneoftwogoodthings.HistoricExamplesOneclassicexampleofamoraldilemmaisthefamous1842shipwreckinwhichthecaptainwasforcedtochoosebetweenthrowingtheweakpassengersoverboardorlettingallthepassengersdrown.The1982movieSophie’sChoiceportraysanothermoraldilemma,inwhichamotherisforcedtochoosewhichofhertwochildrenwouldbeexecutedinaconcentrationcamp.ModernExamplesAfamily’sdifficultdecisionaboutwhethertotakeaterminallyilllovedoneofflifesupportisanexampleofamodernmoraldilemma.OthercommondilemmasincludegoodSamaritansituations,forexample,apasser-byisforcedtochoosebetweentheconvenienceoflettingastrangergounaidedandthemoralobligationtoassistsomeoneinneed.道德逆境是什么意思？早在柏拉图时代，哲学家们就已经努力解决了几乎不行能的道德问题，这些问题考验着做出确定的人的性格。今日，这些问题被称为道德逆境。然而，几个世纪的争辩仍旧让很多这些逆境没有解决。定义道德逆境是指决策者在决策的道德正确性和决策制造的结果的质量之间发生冲突的任何状况。很多时候，这些逆境涉及一个道德上错误的确定，产生一个志向的结果，反之亦然。另一些时候，道德逆境涉及一个确定，在这个确定中，一个人只能选择两件好事中的一件。历史上的例子道德逆境的一个典型例子是1842年那场著名的沉船事故，船长被迫在把虚弱的乘客扔下船或让全部乘客淹死之间做出选择。1982年的电影《苏菲的选择》描绘了另一种道德逆境，在这种逆境中，一个母亲被迫选择在集中营处决两个孩子中的哪一个。现代例子一个家庭对于是否让一个身患绝症的亲人脱离生命支持的艰难确定就是现代道德逆境的一个例子。其他常见的逆境包括好心人的境况，例如，一个过路人被迫在让生疏人独自去的便利和帮助有须要的人的道德义务之间做出选择。词海拾贝1．wrestlev．摔跤；奋力应付2．shipwreckn．海难v．船只失事SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinking课前自主预习Ⅰ．重点单词1．__moral__adj.道德的；道义上的n．品德；道德；寓意2．__virtue__n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质3．__illustrate__vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文意)加插图→__illustration__n4．__precious__adj.珍稀的；珍贵的5．__marriage__n．结婚；婚姻→__marry__v.结婚，娶，嫁→__married__adj.已婚的6．__majority__n．大部分；大多数→__major__adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修→__minority__n．少数民族；少数7．__complain__vi.&vt.埋怨；发牢骚→__complaint__n．埋怨；牢骚；投诉8．__fee__n．专业服务费；酬劳9．__respond__vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→__response__n．反应；回答；回复10．__union__n．协会；联合会；工会11．__scholarship__n．奖学金12．__hire__vt.聘任；雇用；租用n．租借；租用13．__physician__n．医师；(尤指)内科医生→__physicist__n．物理学家→__physical__adj.身体的；物理的→__physics__n．物理学14．__colleague__n．同事；同僚15．__reject__vt.拒绝接受；不录用→__rejection__n．拒绝接受；推翻16．__appoint__vt.任命；委派→__appointment__n．任命，委派17．__clinic__n．诊所；门诊部→__clinical__adj.临床的；临床诊断的18．__faraway__adj.遥远的19．__elect__vt.选举；推选→__election__n．选举；推选；当选→__elector__n．选举人20．__decade__n．十年；十年期21．__elsewhere__adv.在别处；去别处22．__tend__vt.照看；照料vi.倾向；趋于→__tendency__n．趋势；倾向23．__publish__vt.发表(作品)；出版→__publisher__n．出版人(或机构)24．__staff__n．员工；全体职员25．__retire__vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出→__retirement__n．退休→__retired__adj.退休的26．__saving__n．节约物；节约；节约[pl.]储蓄金；存款27．__kindergarten__n．学前班；幼儿园28．__principle__n．道德原则；法则；原则29．__passive__adj.被动的；听从的30．__scare__vt.惊吓；使胆怯 vi.使惊吓→__scared__adj.胆怯 的；对……感到惊惶或恐惊的→__scary__adj.引起恐慌的31．__sharp__adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锐利的；明显的→__sharpen__v．使变锐利32．__insurance__n．保险；保险业33．__energetic__adj.精力充足的；充溢活力的→__energy__n．精力；力气；能源34．__replace__vt.接替；取代；更换→__replacement__n．替换；更换；替代品；替换Ⅱ．重点短语1．carrysb.__through__sth.帮助某人渡过难关2．tendto__do__sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事3．get__in__trouble陷入逆境；遇到麻烦4．not__only__...butalso...不仅……而且……5．befamous__for__因……而著名6．beaffected__by__被……影响/感动7．instead__of__代替；而不是8．wouldrather__do__sth.宁愿做某事9．graduate__from__从……毕业10．because__of__因为；由于11．__in__needof须要12．care__for__照看；喜爱13．beresponsible__for__对……负责14．treat...__as__...把……当作15．beknown__as__...作为……而著名16．__of__one’sown属于某人自己的17．bereadyto__do__乐意干某事18．not...__any__more不再……Ⅱ．重点句型1．Toaperson__nothingismorepreciousthantheirlife__...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……2．Sheresponded，“I’d__ratherstay__singletostudyallmylife！”她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”3．Sheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanever__tobehired__asaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMC她马上成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。4．Attimesshe__was__even__seenriding__adonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。5．ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，__havingdelivered__over50,000babiesinherlifetime.虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。Ⅳ．课文预读一、速读文章并补全下面的句子FromthelifeofLinQiaozhiwecandrawaconclusionthatsheisa__determined，selflessandhard-working__person.二、细读文章并完成下面的表格TimeEventsatfiveyearsoldLinQiaozhiwasdeeply1.__affected__byhermother’sdeath.atage18Shechosetostudy2.__medicine__.atage26Lin3.__graduated__fromPekingUnionMedicalCollege.Shebecamethefirstwomanever4.__tobehired__asaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Withinsixmonths,shewasnameda5.__chief__residentphysician.afterworkingforafewyearsShe6.__wassent__tostudyinEurope.in1939DrLin7.__rejected__tostayinAmerica.in1941DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanever8.__tobeappointed__directoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Afewmonthslater,sheopeneda9.__privateclinic__.in1954Shewas10.__elected__tothefirstNationalPeople’sCongressand,overthenextseveral11.__decades__，sheheldmanyimportantpositions.on22April1983DrLindied.She12.__delivered__over50,000babiesinherlifetime.课内要点探究重点单词1．majorityn．大部分；大多数eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句WhenIhaveadifferentopinion,Ialwaysrespecttheopinionofthemajority.当我有不同观点时，我总是敬重多数人的观点。Themajorityofthestudentsholdtheviewthatit’sconvenienttogotoschoolbyelectricbike.大多数学生持有以下观点：骑电动车上学很便利。Afterall,thosewhoareagainsttheprojectareinthemajority.终归，反对这个项目的人占多数。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)beinthe/amajority占多数a/themajorityof……的大多数(2)majorv．主修adj.主要的n．主修课程(3)minoradj.次要的(4)minorityn．少数a/theminorityof少数的beinthe/aminority占少数eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。“themajorityof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。“themajorityof＋不行数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①The__majority__(major)ofthecitizensinthatregionhavebeenaffectedbythedust.②TomandIhavesomethingincommon:webothmajor__in__engineering.③Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembers__are__(be)againstit.写出下列句中major的词性及含义④Brieflyspeaking,smokingisoneofthemajorcausesofcancer.__形容词，主要的__⑤HemajoredinhistoryatStanford.__动词，主修__⑥Themajorpartofthetownwasruinedbythehorribleearthquake.__形容词，大的__⑦Englishishismajorandhehasnodifficultycommunicatingwithforeigners.__名词，专业__单句写作⑧One-thirdofthecountryiscoveredwithgrassand__themajorityof__(大多数)thecitizensliveintents.⑨IncollegeI__majoredin__(主修)NaturalScience.Whatwasyourmajor?2．complainvi.&vt.埋怨；发牢骚eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句I’mgoingtocomplaintothemanageraboutthis.我要就这件事向经理投诉。Weshouldstrictlyfollowtrafficrulesratherthancomplainabouttrafficjams.我们应当严格遵守交通规则，而不是埋怨交通堵塞。BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalkatyesterday’smeeting.贝蒂向史蒂夫埋怨说在昨天的会上萨拉从不给她说话的机会。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)complainabout...埋怨……complain(tosb.)that...(向某人)埋怨……complaintosb.aboutsth.向某人埋怨某事(2)complaintn．埋怨makeacomplainttosb.aboutsth.向某人埋怨某事afloodofcomplaints大量的投诉eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示complain的后面不能干脆跟sb.作宾语，须加介词to。类似的词还有explain(说明，说明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建议)等。Iexplainedthesituationtomybankmanager.我向我的银行经理说明白状况。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Mothersoftencomplain__to__theirchildren__about__wrestlingonthebed.②Hewillcomplain__about__havingtodosomuchpaperwork.③Whydon’tyoumakea__complaint__(complain)againstyournoisyneighbors?单句写作④She__complainedtomethat__(向我埋怨说)noonecouldtellherthefeatureofthehouse.⑤Weshouldthinkhowtodealwiththeproblemsinsteadof__complainingaboutothers’mistakes__(埋怨别人的错误)．一句多译⑥他总是向我埋怨生活有压力。Heisalways__complainingtomeabout__thestressfullife.Heisalways__makingacomplainttomeabout__thestressfullife.3．respondvt.回答；回复vt.做出反应；回应eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Sherespondedtomyletterwithaphonecall.她收到我的信后给我回了个电话。Whenaskedaboutthecompany’sfuture,thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimistic.当被问到公司的将来的时候，经理回答说他依旧乐观。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)respondto...(withsth.)回答，回复；对……做出反应respondthat...回答说……(2)responsen．反应；回答；回复inresponseto作为对……的答复/反应makearesponse(to)(对……)做出回应/反应eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析respond,answer,replyrespond为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正式的用词answer为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最一般的用词reply为不及物动词，与answer用法基本相同，但稍正式一些Iaskedhimhisname,buthedidn’trespond.我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。Heansweredthathedidgotherelastnight.他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。It’syourturnnowtoreplytothesecharges.现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①(2024·河北邢台期末)Devices(设备)thatcanrecognizeandrespond__to__ahumanvoicehavebeendeveloped.②(2024·北京改编)Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponse__to__events,andthatiswhywhattriggers(引起)onepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.③Ifyoudonotunderstandthequestionaskedatasecuritycheckpoint(安检员),askthepersontorepeathisquestionuntilyouareabletorespond__with__anaccurateanswer.一句多译卡尔没有回答我的问题，接着吃他的饭。④Carldidn’t__respondto__myquestion,andcarriedonwithhismeal.(respond)⑤Carl__made/gavenoresponseto__myquestion,andcarriedonwithhismeal.(response)完成句子⑥Hisillnessdidn’t__respondto__treatmentbydrugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。⑦Mymotheropenedthedoor__inresponseto__theknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。4．rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,sayingitwasagainstGod’sideaandpeoplewhosupporteditwouldbeattacked.基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违反了上帝的想法，谁支持这一理论就将受到攻击。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)rejectone’sidea/suggestion/plan拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/安排rejectanargument/adecision/anoffer拒绝接受一个论点/一个确定/一项提议(2)rejectionn．拒绝接受；推翻arejectionletter一封回绝信eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(T))图解助记eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析reject与refuserejectvt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采纳，不运用”。refusevi.&vt.一般用词，“拒绝”。refusesb.sth.拒绝某人某事refusetodosth.拒绝做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①He__wasrejected__(reject)bythearmybecauseofhispooreyesightlastyear.②Althoughwritinga__rejection__(reject)lettercanbedifficult,therearesituationswhereit’sabsolutelynecessary.选词填空(reject/refuse)③Heloveshisdaughtersomuchthathecan__refuse__hernothing.④I’vebeen__rejected__byallthecompaniesIappliedto.⑤Iabsolutely__refuse__totakepartinanythingthat’sillegal.⑥Whenshewassenttoaboardingschool,shefelt__rejected__byherparents.5．appointvt.任命；委派eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Shewasappointed(as/tobe)monitorattheclassmeeting.在班会上她被任命为班长。Shehasrecentlybeenappointedtothecommittee.她最近被任命为委员会的委员。Theyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他们派她去照看那位老人。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)appointsb.(as/tobe)＋职位某人担当……职位appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn．任命；委派；约定make/haveanappointmentwithsb.与某人有约keep/breakanappointment守约/违约(3)appointedadj.约定的；指定的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Salmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse__appointed__(appoint)toguardher.②Ihatetorushyou,butIhaveanother__appointment__(appoint)．③Tohisjoy,he__wasappointed__(appoint)asmanager.Afterall,thisrepresentedhisability.Andthemomenthereceivedthe__appointment__(appoint)letter,hecalledandmadean__appointment__(appoint)withhisformerteacher,forwhosehelphewasgrateful.单句写作④在任何状况下我们都不能失约。Innocaseshouldwefailto__keepanappointment__.⑤这位农业专家仅凭预约才能见到。Theagriculturalexpertcanonlybevisited__byappointment__.6．electvt.选举；推选eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Sheelectedanartcoursebecauseshewasinterestedinart.因为她对艺术感爱好，所以选择了一门艺术课。Likemen,womenhavetherighttoelectandtobeelected.妇女享有同男子同等的选举权和被选举权。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展electtodosth.确定做某事electsb.as选举某人当……electionn．选举；推选；当选Wewonderwhowillwinthenextelection.我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Congratulations!Iheardyouhavebeen__elected__(elect)aschairman.②Anincreasingnumberofpeopleelect__towork__(work)athome.③Theyear1789sawthefirst__election__(elect)inAmericanhistorywhereamajorityofpeople__elected__(elect)GeorgeWashington__as__thefirstpresident.单句写作④Whodoyouthinkwill__winthenextelection__(在下次选举中获胜)?⑤Facedwiththeirfailurein__thefirstroundoftheelection__(第一轮选举)thepartydidn’tloseheart.7．tendvt.照看；照料vi.倾向；趋于eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Itendtogotobedlateandgetupearlyinsummer.夏天我往往睡得晚，起得早。Shespendshersparetimetendingheroldmother.她的业余时间都花在照看她年迈的母亲上。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事tendto/towardssth.趋向，倾向tend(to)sb./sth.(＝lookaftersb./sth.)照看/护理……tendencyn．倾向，趋势haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的倾向eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Typically,peopletend__tomake__(make)mistakeswhentired.②Thenursesweretending__to__thoseinjuredbyfirecracker.③Ihaveatendency__totalk__(talk)toomuchwhennervous.④Themodernfurnituredesignstend__towards__simplicity.完成句子⑤Thesortofmusichelistenstovaries,but__tendstowards__popularmusic.他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。⑥She__tendsto__getangrywhenpeopleopposetoherplan.别人反对她的安排时，她很简洁生气。⑦Thenurseskillfully__tended__theirwounds.那位护士娴熟地为他们包扎伤口。8．retirevi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去偏僻处)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Mostpeopleretireat60.大多数人在60岁时退休。Shewasforcedtoretireearlyfromteachingbecauseofillhealth.由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。Afterlunch,heretiredtohisstudy.午饭后他去了书房。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)retirefrom...从……退休(役)/退出(2)retiredadj.已退职的；已退休的(3)retirementn．退休；退职eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Afterhe__retired__(retire)fromoffice,Tomtookuppaintingforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.②Whentheworld-famoustennisplayerannouncedher__retirement__(retire),shecouldn’thelpcrying.③Hehasagreedtostruggleon,thoughhehopestoretire__from__hisposition.④Theywillholdapartyincelebrationofher__retirement__(retire)．⑤Theotherdaya__retired__(retire)couplecametomyoffice.9．principlen．道德原则；法则；原则eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetofprinciples.学校设法教给孩子们一套道德准则。Theyagreedtotheplanonlyinprinciple.他们只是原则上同意那个安排。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展inprinciple原则上；理论上sticktoone’sprinciples坚持原则beagainstone’sprinciples违反某人的原则asamatterofprinciple作为原则问题eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Despitethevarietyofinjuries,several__principles__(principle)offirstaidcanapplytoallemergencies.单句写作②Anyway,Ican’tcheatintheexams—it’s__againstmyprinciples__(违反我的原则)．③__Inprinciple__(原则上),thenewsoftwareshouldmaketheaccountingsystemalotsimpler.④Thoughpoor,hestill__stickstohisprinciples__(坚持他的原则)．10．scarevt.惊吓；使胆怯 vi.受惊吓eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Theterriblesoundsscaredthechildren.可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。Hedoesn’tscareeasily.他不轻易胆怯 。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)scaresb.todeath把某人吓得要死scaresb.away/off把某人吓跑scareo/outof(doing)sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事Itscaressb.todosth.使某人胆怯 去做某事(2)scaredadj.胆怯 的，担忧的(近义词：afraid/frightened)bescaredof...胆怯 /担忧……bescaredtodeath吓得要死bescaredofdoingsth./todosth.胆怯 做某事bescaredthat...胆怯 (3)scaryadj.恐怖的；吓人的Wewerescaredtodeathwhenthefirebrokeout.Fortunately,itwasputoutbeforeitcausedmuchdamage.突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好它被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。Shewasscaredtogointotheyardbecauseshewasscaredofbeingbittenbythebigdoglyingatthegate.她胆怯 去院子里，因为她胆怯 被卧在门口的那只大狗咬到。Shedidn’tlikeridingbecauseshewasscaredthatthehorsemightkickher.她不喜爱骑马因为她胆怯 马会踢她。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Whenwearegettingexcited,angryor__scared__(scare),ourbodiesalsogothroughmanyphysicalchanges.②Theturkeywasscared__away/off__atthesightofus.③IreallythoughtIwasgoingtofall—itwasa__scary__(scare)moment.④Theatmospherewas__scary__andwefelt__scared__stayingintheroom.(scare)单句写作⑤Manycustomershavebeen__scaredintobuying__(被吓得买)organicfood.⑥Thelocalfarmersusedtolightafire__toscareaway/off__(吓跑)thewolves.11．sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锐利的；明显的；显明的；敏锐的；(语言)尖刻的；猛烈的；急转的adv.(用于时间后表示准时)整eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Therewasasharpincreaseinunemploymentinthatarealastyear.去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上升。IsuddenlyfeltasharppaininmychestwhileIwasatwork.工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。Therearebirds,likethemountaineagles,whicheatmeatwiththeirstrongsharpbeaks.有些像山鹰一样的鸟，用它们强有力的尖喙吃肉。Weheardavoicesingoutinaclear,sharptone.我们听到了一阵嘹亮响亮的歌声。Heisajournalistwithanextremelysharpmind.他是个头脑极其敏锐的新闻记者。Becarefulwiththesharpbendintheroad.当心路上的急转弯。Sheplannedtounlocktheshopat8：00sharpthismorning.她安排今早8点整打开店门。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展sharplyadv.猛烈地；急剧地sharpenvt.&visharpenern．磨具，削具eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练写出下列句中sharp的含义①Unfortunately,Icutmyfootasharpstoneandcaughtmyhaironabranch.__尖的__②Asweallknow,aneaglehassharpeyesight.__敏锐的__③Whenwegottothechurchitwasseveno’clocksharp.__整__④Allthefootmarksarequitesharpandclear.__清楚的__⑤Suddenly,hefeltasharppaininthestomach.__猛烈的__⑥Hefaintedwhenridingtowork.Thebikemadeasharpturntotheleft.__急转的__单句语法填空⑦Thepriceofpetrolhasrisen__sharply__(sharp)sincelastmonth.⑧Thepencildoesn’twritewell；Ishould__sharpen__(sharp)itbeforeIdrawthegreatfigure.⑨Hewassharp__with__hiscolleagueswhentheywerelate.12．replacevt.接替；取代；更换eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句HehasreplacedMrBrownaspresident.他取代布朗先生当了董事长。Hewillreplacethebrokenwindowwithanewone.他要用新窗户更换破了的窗户。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)replace...with/by...用……代替……replacesb.as...取代某人而成为……(2)replacementn．替换；更换；接替者areplacementfor...……的替代品/替补(3)“代替”的表达法：replace，inplaceof，taketheplaceof，inone’splace，takeone’splace，insteadofeq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①(2024·江苏南京期中)ThehousewhichIgrewupinhasbeentakendownandreplaced__with/by__anofficebuildingwhosewallsareyellow.②(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨期中)Remindyourselfthatalthoughtheyarenot__replacements__(replace)forsleep,restandrelaxationstillhelprefresh(使复原精力)yourbody.③Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshould__bereplaced__(replace)withamodernhotelnot.一句多译我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参与会议。④Ourmonitorwill__taketheplaceof/replaceourheadteacher__toattendthemeeting.(taketheplaceof/replace)⑤Ourmonitorwillattendthemeeting__inplaceofourheadteacher__.(inplaceof)⑥Ourmonitorwill__takeourheadteacher’splace__toattendthemeeting.(takeone’splace)重点短语1．beeagertodosth.渴望做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Allthestudentsinherclassareeagertolearn.她班上的学生都渴望学习。Ourcompanyiseagertoexpandintonewmarkets.我们公司急欲开拓新的市场。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)beeagerforsth.渴求某事物beeagerin热衷于(2)eagerlyadv.急迫地；渴望地；热心地lookatsb.eagerly急迫地看着某人(3)eagernessn．渴望；热心witheagerness急迫地eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Facedwiththegoodchance,theyareeager__totake__(take)advantageofit.②Theywerecrowdedinthechurch,eager__for__anynews.③Sheiseager__todress__(dress)upfortheceremony.④His__eagerness__(eager)tofindajobiscleartoeveryone.⑤Thechildren__eagerly__(eager)learnsomethingnewfromtheteachereveryday.⑥Thelittlegirl,whoishelpedbytheProjectHope,iseager__for__knowledgeandeager__tomake__(make)progress,sosheiseager__in__herstudyandisalwayspraisedbyherteachers.2．befacedwith面临；面对eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Wearefacedwithaseriousproblem.我们面临着一个严峻的问题。Shewasfacedwithanewjob,inunfamiliarsurroundingswithstrangepeople.她面对着一份全新工作，四周是生疏的环境和生疏的人。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展inthefaceofsth.面对(问题、困难等)facetoface面对面地loseface丢脸，失面子saveface保全面子makefaces/aface做鬼脸facethemusic勇于担当后果；接受惩处facethesea面朝大海facenorth/east朝北/朝东lookintheface正视(某人)Let’sfaceit！面对现实吧！eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示befacedwith不表示被动意义，仅表示主语的一种状态。作状语、定语或补语时，要用过去分词短语facedwith。现在分词facing作状语时，表示“面对，面临”，其后干脆跟宾语，不与介词with连用。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Tohisjoy,theproblemhewasfaced__with__wasnotsochallenging.②__Faced__(face)withthesepressures,youcanwatchacomedytorelax.解析：可依据face后有无with推断face是否用-ed形式。③__Facing__(face)arangeofchoices,hewasataloss.④Theydidn’tgiveup__in__thefaceofdifficulties.⑤EversincethenI’vebeenlongingtomeethimface__to__face.单句写作⑥Talkingwithfriends__facetoface__(面对面地)isagoodwaytoreducethepressurefromworkandlife.⑦When__facedwith__(面对)theunexpectedaccident,hekeptcalmandsavedhissonfromtheburningbuilding.⑧Dressedupinhisbestclothes,theboy__madeaface/madefaces__(做鬼脸)atthecustomers.一句多译⑨面对这一重大改变，大家都深受鼓舞。__Inthefaceof/Facedwith/Facing__thesignificantchange,everyonefeltgreatlyencouraged.3．carrysb.throughsth.帮助某人渡过难关eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Hewastheonlypersonwhocouldcarrythecountrythrough.他是唯一能使国家安稳渡过逆境之人。It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryitthrough.这是一项艰难的工作，但她这个人是能够顺当完成的。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展carrysth.through胜利完成，顺当完成carryout实施；履行；执行carryon接着移动carryonsth.从事某事carryondoingsth.接着做某事carryonwithsth.(carrysth.on)接着做某事carryaway运走carryoff赢得；获得；胜利应付carryweight有影响力；重要；有重量eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Hisdeterminationcarriedhim__through__thehardtime.②I’dbegratefulifyouletmecarryon__with__myjob.③Carry__on__untilyougettothecrossing,andyouwillseeashopwhereyoucanbuyenvelopes.④Ifyoucarryon__spending__(spend)moneylikethat,youwillendupindebt.⑤Inspiteofthedifficulty,Iwillcarry__out__myplan.单句写作⑥It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersonto__carryitthrough__(顺当完成)．4．insteadof而不是；代替eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句NowIcanwalktoworkinsteadofgoingbycar.现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。Ifyoucannotgo,he’llgoinsteadofyou.假如你不能去，他将替你去。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))易混辨析instead，insteadofinstead为副词，意为“(不是……)而是/反而……”，可单独运用，置于句首或句末；insteadof意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。Insteadofgoingtothecinema,hewentshopping.他没有去看电影，而是去买东西了。Sheneverstudies.Instead,sheplaysallday.她从来不学习。相反，她成天玩。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①I’llattendthemeetinginstead__of__him.②Heworriedthatinstead__of__makingmoney，hewouldendupowningit.5．inneedof须要……eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Ifeltlonelyandwasinneedofsomeoneforcompanionship.我觉得孤独，须要有人做伴。Manyofthebuildingsareinneedofrepair.很多建筑须要整修。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展inneed缺(食物或钱)；在危难中；急需There’snoneed(forsb.)todosth.(某人)不必做某事meet/answer/satisfy/fillaneed满意须要eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Theministersaidthattheirchurchwasbadly__in__needofrepairs.完成句子②__There’snoneedforyoutocome__ifyoudon’twantto.假如你不想来，就不必来了。③Afriend__inneed__isafriendindeed.患难之交才是真正的挚友。④ThedoctortoldmeIwas__inneedof__agoodrest.医生对我说，我须要好好休息。6．carefor照看；照料；喜爱eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Shemovedbackhometocareforherelderlyparents.她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。Idon’tcareforheratall.我一点也不喜爱她。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)careabout关切；在乎(2)takecare当心；留意(3)takecareof照看；照料eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Hecares__for__playingchess.②Mydearfather，youbroughtmeintothisworld，cared__for__meandlovedme.③Youshouldn’tcaretoomuch__about__yourtestscore.7．beresponsiblefor对……负责；作为缘由，成为起因eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Mikeisresponsiblefordesigningtheentireproject.迈克负责设计全部工程。Cigarettesmokingisresponsibleforabout90%ofdeathsfromlungcancer.因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展responsibilityn．责任；负责astrongsenseofresponsibility很强的责任感haveresponsibilityfor负责takeresponsibilityfor对……负责It’ssb’sresponsibilitytodosth.干某事是某人的职责。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Whoisresponsible__for__thetrafficaccidentthathappenedyesterday?②Humanactivityisnotresponsible__for__allwatershortages.完成句子③Weneedto__takeresponsibilityfor__lookingafterourownhealth.我们必需对自己的健康负责。④Eachmanager__hasresponsibilityfor__justunder600properties.每位经理负责近600处房产。重点句型1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……(1)句式分析：这是一个简洁句，主语是nothing，is是系动词，precious是表语。(2)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义该结构的详细用法如下：①构成：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级，有时其后加than②常用的否定词：nothing，no，not，never，nobody③含义：没有比……更……，再……不过了—Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmlastnight?——你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？—Itcouldn’tbeworse.——没有比它更糟糕的了。Nothingismorepreciousthantime.没有什么比时间更珍贵。Inmyopinion,noexperienceismorevaluablethantheexperiencegainedfromone’sownsweat.在我看来，没有什么阅历比自己通过艰苦努力得来的阅历更珍贵。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展比较级形式表达最高级含义的其他结构：比较级＋than＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(anyother＋可数名词单数,anyoftheother＋可数名词复数,anyoftheothers,anyone/anythingelse,alltheother＋可数名词复数,alltheothers))eq\a\vs4\al(比其他……,都……)他比他们班上其他任何同学都要高。Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.Heistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.Heistallerthanalltheotherstudentsinhisclass.Nooneinhisclassistallerthanhe.eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示上面的other，others，else是学习中很简洁忽视的地方，稍不留意就简洁出错。有一个原则是必需遵守的，即同一范围内的比较，比较的对象不能相互包含，须要解除主语本身。Heisclevererthananyotherstudentinhisclass.他比他班里任何别的学生都聪慧。(假如没有other，句子就错了，因为“他”也是班里学生中的一员)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①—Howisyournewbabysitter?—Wecouldn’tfinda__better__(good)one.Allourkidslovehersomuch.②(四川高考单项填空改编)—HowwasyourrecenttriptoSichuan.—I’veneverhada__morepleasant__(pleasant)onebefore.③Asweknow,Tokyois__larger__(large)thananyother__city__(city)inJapan.翻译句子④(2024·广东深圳期中)Hownicethemusicsounds!Ihaveneverheardabetterpiece.__这音乐听起来多好听啊！我从未听过比这更好的曲子。__⑤NothinggivesmemorepleasurethanlisteningtoMozart.__再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我兴奋的事了。__句型转换Heisthemosthelpfulstudentinhisclass.⑥Youcan’tfind__amorehelpful__studentinhisclass.⑦Heismorehelpfulthan__anyother__studentinhisclass.⑧Heismorehelpfulthan__alltheother__studentsinhisclass.2．Sheresponded，“I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Sheresponded，后面的干脆引语充当宾语从句。(2)wouldrather意为“宁愿；宁可；还是……为好”。IsaidIcouldn’tstanditoneminutelonger.Iwouldratherbeinprison!我说了我一分钟也忍受不了了，我宁愿待在监狱里！eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)wouldratherdo...thando...宁愿做……而不愿做……＝woulddo...ratherthando...prefertodo...ratherthando...(2)wouldrather(not)do/havedone...宁愿(不)做……(3)wouldrather＋从句I’drathernotgo