决战阅读之说明文-理念阐述类1 精讲课件（入门篇）

(高中说明文)理念阐述1决战阅读之巅

培养快速理清篇章结构，抓取文章大意的能力。运用说明文体裁分析，规范阅读理解的解题步骤。学会使用“脱衣服”大法分析长难句。积累与理念阐述类说明文相关的主题词汇。Ready?Go!说明文体裁分析Part1课标解读事理说明事物说明说明文分类历年数据年份省份篇章内容2021年新高考I卷D篇阐述了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望全国甲卷B篇介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状全国乙卷C篇介绍艺术家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人类审视和一次性塑料的关系D篇针对开放性办公室，一项研究调研多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的发展新高考II卷D篇介绍一种正在开发中的，可以用于监测放牧牛健康状况的机器人天津卷D篇阐述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义浙江卷C篇一项研究表明狗能够识别人类的面部表情北京卷C篇通过百位科学家、作家和学者的公开信，阐述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相关内容历年数据年份省份篇章内容2020年全国I卷B篇阐述了重新阅读的意义和益处，鼓励大家重新阅读D篇介绍了麻省理工学院的工程师开发出的一种发光植物全国II卷B篇研究表明孩子们玩智力游戏有助于发展包括空间技能等多项能力C篇介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办的不同寻常的时装秀中展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣全国III卷D篇通过引用最近的基因发现，阐述人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，也发生在最近的几千年间北京卷B篇介绍世界上第一条佩戴污染检测器记录地面附近的污染物水平的狗江苏卷B篇讲述了一度停用的电话亭在英国重新流行起来C篇研究表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益年份省份篇章内容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研发电动飞机天津卷(7月)C篇介绍了声音技术领域的3种全新应用浙江卷C篇《神经病学》杂志发布一则研究显示，做挑战性的工作，有可能帮助衰老人群保持大脑的敏锐成都诊断模拟题科学家的研究表明2岁及其以前的幼年记忆并不可信高密模拟模拟题一项研究表明定期打网球有助于延长寿命2019年全国卷IC篇介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘D篇主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响历年数据年份省份篇章内容2019年全国卷IIC篇分析美国越来越多的人喜欢独自进餐的社会现象D篇介绍了美国国家航空航天局为了把航天技术和学校教育结合起来，而针对高中生实施的HUNCH计划。全国卷IIID篇一位哈佛医学院的科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计算。北京卷D篇解说由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿的现象。浙江卷C篇解说并分析加利福尼亚州从90年代以来大树不断消失的现象和背后的重要原因2018年全国卷IB篇介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴C篇讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因D篇纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的研究表明，新电子设备的环境能耗比旧设备更低，是更经济环保的选择历年数据年份省份篇章内容2018年全国卷IIB篇介绍了7月份各种营养丰富，并包含对人体有益的微量元素的热带水果北京卷C篇介绍了一种吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的虫子大蜡螟天津卷C篇介绍了3D打印技术在食物的应用上取得的进展和遇到的挑战2017年全国卷IIC篇Terrafugia公司研制出飞行汽车并成功进行了第一次飞行D篇介绍了植物在受到昆虫的攻击时是如何进行自我保护的,北京卷C篇已经被疫苗消灭的麻疹近日有回归的趋势全国卷ID篇介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作简易太阳能蒸馏器的方法2014年全国卷ID篇为了拯救因为濒临灭绝的小众语言，语言学家展开了记录拯救工作历年数据说明文通常说明某一事物的特征，普遍真理，阐述科学道理和对事物发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、说明的一种文体。哇，考频这么高，说明文到底是什么？说明文是高考阅读理解的常客，每年阅读理解都有涉及。说明文一般使用较为科学严谨的语言对事物进行阐述，较少包含情绪化语言。为了准确表达要说明的事物，措辞严谨，包含专业术语和低频词，长难句多且句式结构复杂。那说明文读什么呢？该怎么读呢？我们一起来看看吧！说明文的语言特色是什么样呢？123说明对象事物说明事理说明语篇结构说明顺序说明方法一般-特殊型问题-解决型匹配-比较型时间空间逻辑举例、比较、分类、引用、数字、定义、表格、图示…12341事物事理说明文往往为了说清楚某个事物或事理是什么、为什么、怎么样，因此通常在标题或首段直接指出说明对象。说明文围绕所说事物/事理，采用多种说明方法客观阐明，因而高频词会反复出现，阅读过程中把握高频词也能准确找出说明对象，提取核心信息。名师指路(2021北京卷C)①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.方法1：看文章标题；寻找首段中心句方法1：看文章标题；寻找首段中心句事理说明文本文属于理念阐述类说明文2021天津卷D方法2：寻找高频词①

Artiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?②

Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife--theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.③Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation’sexperience.高频词2021天津卷D④

Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swellbeing.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.⑤

Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.⑥Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.高频词:artculturalandcommercialcommunityfunctionalandbeautifulphysicalandpsychological连词成句，得到说明对象Artcanbefunctionalandbeautiful.2(2021北京卷C)①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.④Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn’tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(签署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.⑤“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.⑥

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(执着)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”说明对象概念定义概念理解现实意义2021北京C题目见讲义2021天津D①

Artiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?②Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife--theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.③

Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation’sexperience.④Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swellbeing.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.⑤Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.⑥Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.各维度的意义说明对象总结2021天津DExpositionexplainssomething.Inordertomakeideasclearandunderstandabletothereaders,expositionusuallyfollowstimeorder,spaceorderorlogicalorder.常见的逻辑顺序有：从原因到结果，从主要到次要，从整体到部分，从概括到具体，从现象到本质等。名师指路3(2021北京卷C)题目见讲义①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.(2021北京卷C)题目见讲义④

Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn’tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(签署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.⑤

“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.⑥Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(执着)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”本文是事理说明文，文章阐述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的概念。作者通过下定义、引资料、打比方等说明方法，文章具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。即说明对象：Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.名师指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?总结：说明文的说明方法服务于说明对象。(2021天津卷D)题目见讲义②Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife--theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.题目见讲义(2021天津卷D)③…④

Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swellbeing.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.⑤

Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.本文是事理说明文，讲述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义，是我们不可或缺的社会生活之一。作者通过举例子、引资料、作比较等说明方法，从赋予商品的商业价值，人类的身心健康和青少年的学术和情感发展等方面论述了艺术的重要意义。

即说明对象：Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.名师指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?总结：事理类说明文的说明对象通常也是主旨句，呈现文章的主旨。真题讲解示例12021北京卷CPART2123WatchthevideoWhatisyourfeeling?(2021北京卷C)题目见讲义①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.④Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn’tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(签署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.⑤“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm.”Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.⑥

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(执着)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”摘要一般特殊型

说明文引言正文总结Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?2.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.快速通读文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所对应的题目。Extremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.MindMap2021北京C说明对象崩塌原因崩塌学概念Wemustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Collapseologyismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.未来前景Weshouldlookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapseanddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.Collapseisunderwayandunthinkable.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Globalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform.题目速览Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific. B.Credible.C.Original. D.Relevant.1Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A.worried B.puzzledC.surprised D.scared2题目见讲义词义猜测题推理判断题Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.3推理判断题Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific. B.Credible.C.Original. D.Relevant.1拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）词义猜测题STEP1：标关键词STEP2：定位信息段题干定位概念意义Extremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Collapseisunderwayandunthinkable.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.germane技巧点拨：近义复现unthinkable语法译主干加枝叶呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中。答案指向句分析Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.step1:去枝叶，找主干，括从句step2:添加枝叶（定语状语同位语），补全句意thecallforsth.呼吁……呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注是密切相关的拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）推理判断题STEP1：标关键词STEP2：定位信息段题干定位概念理解2Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A.worried

B.puzzledC.surprised

D.scaredGlobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform.Collapseologyismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.⑤

yetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.⑥“Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”技巧点拨：近义复现ignored而即将发生骚乱的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好。语法译主干加枝叶

答案指向句分析step1:去枝叶，找主干，括从句step2:添加枝叶（定语状语同位语），补全句意belikelytodo很可能……而信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）推理判断题STEP1：标关键词STEP2：定位信息段题干定位现实意义3Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.Weshouldlookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapseanddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.

yetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Manisavictimofdope;Intheincurableformofhope…“quietinghopethatignorespreparedness.”…Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”技巧点拨：近义复现turnoutfine回顾Q3Q2Q1Tip1:说明文词义猜测题的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:说明文词义猜测题正确选项特征______________________________________词义猜测划出题干、选项关键词近义复现，上下文语境回忆文章结构，定位具体段落关注关键词句，找出答案Tip1:说明文推理判断题的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:说明文推理判断题正确选项特征______________________________________推理判断划出题干、选项关键词同义转化或表层含义延伸；一般不包含绝对概念的字眼回忆文章结构，定位具体段落关注关键词句，找出答案①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.词汇梳理：同义/近义复现1Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3prob