专题14 非谓语动词-【决胜春考】春季高考英语冲刺总复习（广东小高考专用）

专题14非谓语动词一、概念英语的句于中，只能有一个动词，如果出现另外一个动词，则需要把另外一个动词改为非谓语形式。在句中都不能单独作谓语，但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。有下列3种形式：①todo（不定式）：表目的；表将来②doing（动名词／现在分词）：表主动；表示动作正在进行③done（过去分词）：表示被动：表示动作已经完成二、作主语1．todo和doing都可放在谓语动词前，做主语。Eatingisanimportantthing.吃是一件很重要的事情。Tosmoketoomuchisnotgoodforyou.吸太多烟对你不好。【注意】：todo和doing做主语，谓语动词要用单数。2．有时候，我们会把todo和doing放到句子后面，用it做形式主语，放在句首。（1）主语是doing（动名词），用it做形式主语的句型有：①It'snouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingsth做······没有用处／好处／浪费时间②It'suselessdoingsth做······没有用③Itisworthdoingsth值得做某事④It'spleasure/enjoyabledoingsth做......有趣（2）主语是todo（不定式），用it做形式主语的句型有：①It+be+名词（time,duty,turn......）＋todosth②Ittakesabsometime+todosth做某事花了某人多少时间③It+be+形容词+of/forsb+todosth即时演练A1．alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Beinglearned2．Itisnogood.Youshouldgive.A.tosmoke,itupB.smoking,itupC.smoking,upitD.tosmoke,upit3．Itisnotalwayseasyinvitations.A.torefuseB.refusingC.toberefusedD.beingrefused4．Itwaspolitethechildtogiveuphisseattotheelderlywoman.A.forB.ofC.toD.with5．Isitnecessarythebookimmediately?A.forhimtoreturnB.thathereturnsC.hisreturningD.ofhimtoreturn6．It'sreallystupidofyouhimthenewsyesterday.A.tellB.tellingC.aretellingD.totell三、作宾语宾语就是放在谓语动词后，todo和doing都可做宾语。（1）下列动词用todo做宾语want（想要）hope／wish（期待）choose（选择）need（需要）decide／determine（决心）manage（设法）learn（学会）seem（似乎）afford（有时间／精力）prepare（准备）offer（主动提出）refuse（拒绝）pretend（假装）promise（答应）agree（同意）fail（失败）choose（选择）ask／beg（请求）plan（计划）【TIPS】可用下列顺口溜加深记忆想要期待做选择；需要决心设法学会；似乎有精力去准备，就主动提出他拒绝假装答应／同意；我失败了，选择请求计划（2）在find／think／believe／feel（认为）后跟todo作宾语，常把todo后置，用it做形式上的宾语，有如下句型。Ifind／think／believe／feelitadj.todosth我认为做...是...的Ifinditinterestingtoplaychess.我发现下棋是很有趣。Ithinkithealthytokeepexercise.我认为坚持锻炼很健康。即时演练B1．ShewantsLondon.A.tovisitB.visitingC.visitD.visited2．Wedecidedtennislastweekend.AtoplayB.playingC.playD.played3．---Wouldyoulikeamoviewithustonight?---Sorry,Ihavetohelpmymotherdosomechores.A.seeB.toseeC.seeingD.seen4．Shemademeverysad.A.tofeelB.feelingC.feelD.feels5．我认为和你一起去逛街是开心的。1．下列动词，短语，介词只能用doing做宾语（1）下列动词用doing做宾语Like/love/enjoy（喜欢）risk（冒险）admit（承认）fancy（想像）advise/suggest（建议）consider（考虑）keep（保持）practise（练习）forbid（禁止）deny（否认）delay（推迟）escape（逃脱）avoid（避免）mind（介意）miss（错过）quit（停止）finish（完成）allow（允许）appreciate（感谢）【TIPS】可用下列顺口溜加深记忆喜欢冒险，承认想象；建议考虑保持练习禁止否认，推迟和逃脱；避免错过，停止完成后，允许自己感谢自己（3）下列短语后，用doing做宾语feellikedoingsth（喜欢做某事）giveupdoing（放弃做某事）keep／keepondoing（不停的做某事）bebusydoingsth（忙于做某事）can'thelpdoingsth（情不自禁）beworthdoingsth（值得做某事）havedifficulty／troubledoingsth（做...有困难／麻烦）haveahard／goodtimedoingsth（做....很开心／不开心）havefundoingsth（做....很开心）succeedindoigsth（成功做某事）（4）介词后，都用doing做宾语在介词章节中所讲到的介词，基本都要跟doing形式。IstudyEnglishbylisteningtomusic.我通过听音乐学英语。（listento用doing形式，是因为by为介词）【注意】咱们要注意小机灵鬼“to”喔！下列都是to作为介词，也就是遇到下列短语，只能用doing，不能用do！leadto（导致）devoteoneself／one'stimeto（把...贡献给...）lookforwardto（期望）payattentionto（注意）thanksto（多亏）beused／accustomedto（习惯于做某事）dueto（由于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth（喜欢...而不喜欢）contributeto（有助于）thekeytodoingsth（做某事的关键）stickto（坚持）beaddictedtodoingsth（沉湎于；对...上瘾）getdownto（开始做，着手处理）即时演练C1．WeenjoythemoonduringtheMid-autumnFestival.A.toseeB.towatchC.watchingD.watched2．Wehadalotoffunsongs.A.tosingB.singingC.singD.sang3．Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmindforus.A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited4．Mymumisbusysomecookingnow.A.doB.todoC.doingD.does5．Shemustapologizetoyoufor.A.lateB.belateC.beinglateD.later6．I'mlookingforwardtoyou.A.hearingB.hearfromC.hearsfromD.hearingfrom7．Pleasestop(talk).It'stoonoisy.8．Thanksfor(help)us.9．Howabout(watch)TV?10.Thebookisworth(read).11.Theyoftenpractise(speak)Englishwitheachother.2．下列动词即可以跟todo也可以跟doing做宾语。①remember&forget®retremembertodo记得去做forgettodo忘记去做rememberdoing记得做过forgetdoing忘记做过Iwillremembertolockthedoor.我会记得锁门。Irememberedlockingthedoor.我记得我锁了门。regrettodo遗憾做（事情还没有做）regretdoing后悔做了Weregrettoinformyouthathehasbeenaway.我遗憾地告诉你他离开了。Iregretbuyingthat.我后悔买了它。【注意】regrettodo中的动词基本都是tell（告诉），inform（通知），announce（宜布），say（说），且基本都是第一人称做主语。②stop&goonIwillstoptotakearest.我会停下来去休息。Iwillstoptakingarest.我停止休息。③mean&trymeantodo打算去做meandoing意味着【注意】：meantodo通常是人做主语；meandoing则是物体／事情做主语Imeantobuyacomputer.我打算买一台电脑。Lovemeanstakingastepback.爱意味着退让一步。trytodo尽力去做trydoing尝试做Let'strydoingitagain.我们再试着做一次吧Itrytoworkoutthis.我尽力把它解出来。=4\*GB3④like／love／start／begin，加doing和todo没区别。即时演练D1．---Didyouclosethedoor?---Yes,Irememberit.A.tocloseB.toclosingC.closingD.closed2．Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback3．Henryalwaysforgetsthingshehasdone．Heforgotandlookedforiteverywhere.A.toposttheletterB.posttheletterC.tohavepostedtheletterD.havingpostedtheletter4．MybrotherregrettedalecturegivenbyProfessorLiu.A.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissed5．Iregretyouthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.A.informingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.toinforming6．Pleaseremember(bring)yourtextbookheretomorrow.7．Don'tforget(turn)offthelightbeforeyougoout.8．Sorry,Ididn'tmean(hurt)yourfeelings.四、作宾补宾补是用来补充说明宾语的。英语中有一些动词，接了宾语，意义还是不完整，这个时候就要宾补来补充，使句子意义完整。todo和doing形式可充当宾补IheardJohnsingingthismorning.我今天早上听到John唱歌。（John是宾语，singing就是宾补，补充说明John的状态）（一）todo做宾补1．下列动词用todo做宾补即【Vsbtodo】，否定形式【Vsbnottodo】ask（请求）want（想要）invite（邀请）advise（建议）encourage（鼓励）expect（期待）tell（告诉）allow（允许）promise（答应）warm（警告）order（命令）Mymumadvisedmetoputonmorecloths.我妈妈建议我多穿衣服。2．下列动词，会省略to，直接以动词原形做宾补即【Vsbdo】感官动词：feel，hear，listento，see，watch，lookat，notice，find（发现）使役动词：let，make，haveIsawhimputawaytoysinthemorning.我早上看到他收抬玩具了。Shealwaysmakesmesmile.她让我笑了。3．下列短语也会省略to，直接用动词原形（1）whynotV原为什么不做....（2）donothingbutV原除了．．．之外什么都没做（3）wouldratherV原宁愿做．．．．【可缩写成’drater】（4）hadbetterV原最好做...【可缩写成’dbetter】【注意】wouldrather的否定形式是wouldrathernotdosthhadbetter的否定形式为hadbetternotdosth即时演练E1．OurEnglishteacherencouragesuspartinafter-classactivities.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.totaking2．---Whyareyousoexcited?---Johninvitedmeclimbing.A.togoB.goC.goingD.went3．Ourteachertellsushomeworkcarefully.A.todoB.doingC.doD.does4．Dadoftenasksmesomecleaningattheweekend.AdoB.doesC.didD.todo5．Let'sswimmingtomorrow.A.goB.goesC.togoD.went6．You'dbetterwhenyourmouthisfulloffood.A.don'tspeakB.nottospeakC.notspeakD.notspeaking7．WhycomingtoGuangzhou?A.notconsiderB.don'tconsiderC.toconsiderD.nottoconsider8．You'dbetterupstairsandtellchildrenmakenoise.A.go;nottoB.go:don'tC.togo;nottoD.go;don't（二）doing做宾补下列动词会用doing做宾补，表示“...某人正在做...”感官动词：feel，hear，listento，see，watch，lookat，notice，find（发现）如seesbdoingsth看到某人正在做某事，强调的是看到某人某个瞬间的动作，没有看到做这件事情的全过程。【注意】感官动词后也可以用动词原形做宾补，要注意区分其意思。即时演练F--请将下列中文句子翻译成英文。1．我听到她正在唱歌当我经过她房间时。2．我看到她递交了试卷了。3．她发现她的同学正躺在床上。五、作定语定语就是修饰名词，修饰，限定，说明名词的品质与特征。如Ahandsomeboy.handsome就是做定语，修饰名词boy。todo和doing和done都可以做定语。（一）todo做定语todo做定语，放在名词后。这个动作还没有去做，表将来。1．todo和它所修饰的名词是动宾关系，有时候可译为“要／来／去……”Ihavemanydishestowash.我有很多的碗要洗。（修饰的名词dishes是towash的宾语）Ihavemanyproblemstosolve.我有很多问题要解决。（修饰的名词problem是tosolve的宾语）【注意】下列名词后常跟todo做定语①名词way（方法），ability（能力），chance（机遇），right（权力），reason，wish（希望）后常跟todo做定语That'sthebestwaytostoppeoplepollutingtheearth.那是阻止人类污染地球的最好的方式。②名词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰（也包括thenext，thelast，theonly）Thelastonetoarrivepaysthebill.最后一个到的人给钱。2．如果todo与所修饰的名词是被动关系，要变为tobedoneThomeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.明天要举行的会议很重要。（会议还没举行，所以用todo修饰，会议和举行之间是被动，所以是tobeheld）（二）doing＆done做定语1．放在名词前，成为前置定语。现在分词（doing）表示动作正在进行；过去分词形式（done）表示动作已经完成。boilingwater沸腾着的水boiledwater煮好了的水developingcountry发展中国家developedcountry发达国家2．放在名词后现在分词（doing）表示被修饰的名词与这个动作是主动关系；过去分词形式（done）表示被修饰的名词与这个动作是被动关系Theladyreadinganoveloverthereismymum.在那里读小说的女士是我妈妈。（被修饰词thelady和read是主动关系，所以用reading修饰lady。）Thehousebuiltlastyearwillbesoldsoon.前年建的房子很快就被卖了。（被修饰词thehouse和build是被动关系，房子是被建，所以用built修饰house）【注意】：如果是被动，且表示正在进行，用beingdone结构Thehousebeingbuiltnowismine.正在建的房子是我的。（被修饰词thehouse和build是被动关系，now表示正在进行，所以用beingbuilt修饰house.）即时演练G--单项选择1．WheneveryouhaveachanceEnglish,youshouldtakeit.A.speakB.tospeakC.spokeD.speaks2．Thereissomeoneforheratthedoor.A.waitingB.waitedC.waitsD.towait3．TheOlympicGamesin776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.playingB.playedC.toplayD.plays4．Ihaveadifficultproblem.A.workoutB.workingoutC.workedoutD.toworkout5．SheisthefirstChinesethisprize.A.winningB.towinC.wonD.havingwin二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空、1．Ihaveadog(call)King2．Allthepeople(invite)tothepartyarehisfriends3．Jimremembersthehappytime(spend)withhisstudents.4．Thereweremillionsofpeople(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.5．Ithinktheactivity(hold)tomorrowwillbeinteresting.6．Themeeting(hold)nowisveryimportant.六、作状语状语用来说明谓语动词发生的背景或情景。表示时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，伴随，结果等。（一）todo做状语1．todo做状语，表示目的，动作发生在谓语动词之后，可译为“为了……”Igotupearlytocatchthebus.我早起了，为了赶上公交车。（catch是getup起床的目的，而且发生在getup后）Toachievetheaim，Imuststudyharder.为了完成目的，我必须更努力学习。（achieve是study的目的，而且发生在study后）【注意】todo可以和inorderto／soasto（不能放在句首）替换2．若todo和主语是被动关系，要变为tobedone，可译为“为了被．．．“（了解）Hewassenttheretobetrainedforaspacelight.他被派往那里是要被训练航空飞行。train训练是send派往的自的→用totrain表示目的he和train是被动关系→tobetrained即时演练H1．Hewillgohisbrotherstomorrow.A.seeB.toseeC.sawD.seeing2．bugs,hespraythearearegularly.A.TokillB.KillingC.KilledD.Havingkill3．ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnerthatIhadtostruggle.A.hearingB.tobeheardC.heardD.beingheard（二）doing和done做状语1．判断做状语的3个条件：①在句首／句末；②有逗号；③两个句子没有连词2．doing做状语，句子的主语和分词是主动关系done做状语，句子的主语和分词是被动关系Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawtheboystillthere.走出房间，他看到那个男孩还在那儿。有逗号，在句首，两个句子无连词→判断做状语主语he和walk是主动关系→用doing形式Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.用了很久，这本书看起来很旧。有逗号，在句首，两个句子无连词→判断做状语主语thebook和use（使用）是被动关系→用done形式即时演练I1．Sheisupstairs,theletter.A.writesB.iswritingC.writtenD.writing2．Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparedC.preparingD.prepared3．time,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.GivenB.GivingC.TogiveD.Give4．fromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulcity.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See5．fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See3．doing做状语，有时态的变化①若分词和谓语动词同时发生，则用doing做状语Seeingtheteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedlaughing.看到老师进来，同学们停止嬉笑。有逗号，在句首，两个句子无连词→判断做状语主语students和see是主动关系→用doing形式（这两个动作是同时发生）②若分词比谓语动词先发生，就要用havingdone形式。否定形式为nothavingdoneHavingreceivedaletter,Ikneweverythingisallright.收到信后，我知道一切安好。有逗号，在句首，两个句子无连词→判断做状语主语I和receive收到是主动关系→用doing形式receive和谓语动词knew有先后关系，先收到再知道→用havingdone形式4．done做状语，有时态的变化分词和主语是被动关系，且分词动作是正在进行的，那么要用beingdone形式，表示“正在被...”Beingrepairednow，theclassroomcan'tbeused.正在维修，这个课室无法使用。课室和维修是被动关系→用done而且强调这个动作是正在进行的→beingdone即时演练J--单项选择1．fortwodays,themanagerfinishedhisreport.A.WorkingB.HavingworkingC.WorkedD.Towork2．areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingC.NothavingreceivedD.Toreceive3．bytheheavystormnow,theyfeelsad.A.BeingstruckB.StrikingC.TostickD.Havingstruck4．ontheroad,thefeltanxious.A.TolockB.LockingC.TolockedD.Beinglocked综合练习一、单项选择1．I'dlikewatchTVathome.You'dbetterwithus.A.towatch,tostayB.towatch,stayC.watching,tostayD.watching,stay2．Wouldyoupleasemeachair?A.give;tositonB.give;tositC.giving;sitD.togive;siton3．ShewouldrathertotheparkthanwatchTV.A,togoB.goC.goingD.goes---Whichmoviesdoyouprefer,comediesoractionmovies?---Iwatchactionmoviesseecomedies.A.wouldrather,thanB.like,betterC.prefer,toD.hadbetter,than5．Thegirlinwhiteismydaughter.A.wearB.wearingC.woreD.towear6．Theroomsnowareforthehomeless.A.builtB.tobuiltC.beingbuiltD.building7．Theroomslastyearareforthehomeless.A.builtB.tobuiltC.beingbuiltD.building8．Theysysteminthisschoolisverysuccessful.A.usingB.touseC.usedD.use9．TheyarecleaningleavesinthegardenA.FallingB.fallC.tofellD.fallen10.thebadnews,theycouldn'thelpcrying.A.HearingB.TohearC.HeardD.Beingheard11.inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.WaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Towaited12.twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.BitingD.Tobitten13．Wewalkedasfastaswecould,tocatchthe9:30train.A.hopingB.tohopeC.havinghopedD.hoped二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1．Let's(have)arest,shallwe?2．Heplanned(fly)toSidneyonTuesday.3．(reach)schoolearly,theydecidedtodrivetoschool.4．Heislearning(skate).5．Hemustpretend(be)asleep.6．Iamthinkingabout(buy)anewcomputer.7．Theymanaged(finish)theirworkaheadoftime.8．Grannyisveryillandshedoesn'tfeellike(cat)anything.9．Ifoundhim(swim)intheriverjustnow.10.Ilookforwardto(work)withyouagain.11.Ifoundthemountain(cover)withsnowalltheyearround.12.Shekepton(work)althoughshewastired.13.Heoftenhelpshismother(do)thehousework.14.Iagree(go)skiingwithyoutomorrow.15.Ipreferplayingfootballto(play)basketball.16.Iprefer(stay)athomeratherthan___(go)out.17.Icouldn'tafford(buy)anewcar.18.Thepinkpig(hold)highisnowmysister's.19.Ichose(study)abroadafte