专题13 被动语态-【决胜春考】春季高考英语冲刺总复习（广东小高考专用）

专题13被动语态一、被动语态定义、基本用法、句型、结构（一）定义英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语和动作之间的一种被动关系。即“主语被...”主动语态：Mysistercleanedtheroomyesterday.（表示主语是动作的执行者）我姐姐昨天清理了房间。被动语态：Johnwasbittenbyadog.John被狗咬了。（表示主语是动作的承受者，有时候用by引出动作的执行者）（二）用法1．强调动作或行为的承受者。Johnwasbittenbyadog.2．不必说出或者不知道动作的执行者。Thehousewasbuilttwoyearsago.这个房子两年前就建起来了。3．某些表达习惯用被动。beborn出生于；becomparedwith与...做比较4．汉语中含有“据说”，“据悉”，“据报道”等①It'ssaidthat...据说②It'sreportedthat...据报道③Itiswellknownthat...众所周知④Itissupposedthat...据推测（三）句型句型构成例句肯定句主语＋bedone（by...）Thehousewasbuilt2yearsago.这个房子2年前建好了。否定句主语benotdone（by...）Thehousewasn'tbuilt2yearsago．这个房子不是在2年前建。一般疑问句Be主语done（by...）？Wasthehousebuilt2yearsago?这个房子2年前建好了么？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词＋be主语done(by...)?Whywasthehousebuilt2yearsago?为什么2年前要建这个房子？（四）各个时态下的被动结构被动语态的结构：be＋done（过去分词）＋（by＋执行者）时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneMyroomiscleanedbymeeveryday.一般过去时was/were+doneIwasbittenbyacatyesterday.现在进行时am/is/are+being+doneAbridgeisbeingbuiltnow.过去进行时was/were+being+doneAbridgewasbeingbuiltatthattime.一般将来时willbe+doneam/is/aregoingtobe+doneThehousewillbecleanedtomorrow.现在完成时have/hasbeen+doneThebridgehasbeenbuiltfor2years.含情态动词can/may/must/shouldbe+doneMyroommaybecleanedbymum.即时演练A--单项选择1．Thecarrotbyarabbityesterday.A.eatsB.iseatenC.waseatenD.willbeeaten2．thebridgeinthefuture?A.Is;builtB.Will;bebuiltC.Will;buildD.Does;build3．Inordertomakeourcitymorebeautiful,moretreesandflowerseveryyear.A.areplantingB.should,beplantedC.shouldplantD.willplant4．Tocelebratethe100thbirthdayoftheCommunistPartyofChina(中国共产党),aspeechcompetitioninHekoulastmonth.A.heldB.isheldC.holdD.washeld5．Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople'slifealotsinceit.A.inventsB.isinventedC.hasinventedD.wasinvented6．---Jessica,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.---I'msorry,butI.A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.amnottoldD.wasn'ttold7．Myparentsareinvitedtoapartyyesterday.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：二、主动形式表被动含义1．不及物动词以及短语无被动语态。【注意】常见的有：happen（发生），disappear（消失），rise（升起），arrive（到达），fall（跌倒），fail（失败）takeplace（发生），breakout（爆发），comeout（出版），cometrue（成真）belongto（属于），succeedin（成功），sufferfrom（遭受），happento（碰巧）takepartin／joinin（参加），agreewith（与...一致；同意）Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。2．有些动词和well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词一起用，表示主语品质，性能。【注意】常见的有：write（写），read（读），clean（清洁），sell（卖），wash（洗），wear（穿）Thispenwriteswell.这只笔很好写。Thisnewbooksellswell.这本书很畅销。3．表示感官的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义。【注意】感官动词有：smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），look（看起来），sound（听起来），feel（摸起来）Thepieceofmusicsoundsgood.这段音乐听起来不错。4．部分动词用动名词，即doing形式来表示被动，通常都是物体做主语。【注意】常见的动词有：need／require（需要），want（想要），beworth（值得）Yourhairwantcutting.你的头发需要剪了。Theseflowersneedwatering.这些花需要浇水。5．一些表示开始，运动，结束，状态类的动词【注意】常见的动词有：begin／start（开始），stop（停），end（结束），shut（关），run（跑），move（移动），own／have（拥有），lack（缺乏）TheTVprogrambeginsat8o'clock．电视节目在8点开始。即时演练B1．Thesekindsofpens.Theyquicklyinalltheshops.A.arewrittenwell;aresoldoutB.writewell;aresoldoutC.arewrittenwell;selloutD.writewell;sellout2．Thebookisworth.A.toreadB.beingreadC.readingD.toberead3．Themoon-cakedelicious.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.totaste4．Theclothwell.A.washesB.iswashedC.washD.waswashed三、用法注意1．感官动词或使役动词后接todo形式，通常省略to，即直接是动词原形。在变为被动语态时，要把to带上。【注意】：使役动词：have／make／let（让）感官动词有：hear（听）；see／watch／lookat（看）以上动词在主动语态都是／hear／have／make／let／see／watch／notice／lookatsbdosth.若是用于被动，即表达某人被感到／听到／让／看到做某事时，要把to加回来。即hearsbdosth→sbbeheardtodosth某人被听到做某事make/let/havesbdosth→sbbemade／let／hadtodosth某人被迫做某事sec／watch／lookat／→sbbeseen／watched／lookedattodo某人被看到做某事Isawmysistercookinthekitchen.我看到我妹妹在厨房煮饭。Mysisterwasseentocookinthekitchenbyme.我妹妹被我看到在厨房煮饭。2．某些动词可以跟两个宾语的，一个是人，一个是物体。如果是物体做主语，那么就用介词to或者for引出另外一个宾语（人）【注意】跟两个宾语的动词有：八给一带，买画制作八给：give给，pass传递，lend借，write写，show展示，send寄送，hand递交，tell告诉一带：bring带来买画制作：buy买，draw画，make制作Hegavemeabook.他给我一本书（abook是宾语，me也是宾语）Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.他给我展示了一张门票。（aticket是宾语，me是宾语）Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.我爸爸给我买了一个新单车。Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.【TIPS】：八给一带to来帮；买画制作for也来。3．【动词＋介词／副词】的动词短语，要看作一个整体，不能漏掉或者拆开例如：laughat（嘲笑），askfor（寻求），takecareof／lookafter（照顾），listento（听），talkabout（说），findout（发现，找出）等。Wecan'tlaughathim.→Hecan'tbelaughatbyus.我们不能嘲笑他。他不能被我们嘲笑。Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.他每天听收音机。收音机每天都被他收听。即时演练C1．Shewasmadethedishesforaweek.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing2．Abookwaspassedmebyhim.A.forB.toC.withD.by3．Acakewasmadeastranger.A.forB.toC.withD.by4．Thebabybyhismum.A.tookcareofB.wastakencareC.takencareofD.wastakencareof5．我妈妈被看到在洗衣服。（翻译句子）综合练习：一、单项选择1．RiceinthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.grewD.grow2．anewcanteeninourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Was;buildingD.Did;build3．AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextmonth.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives4．MysisterandIhaveherbirthdayparty.A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto5．TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.known6．Canthenewhallfromhere?A.seeB.beseenC.sawD.see7．AstorybyGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus8Theoldbythenursery.A.lookafterB.waslookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter9．Hesaysthatshetothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent10.Theschoolbagbehindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput11.Ifthecatdoesn'ttrunfast,itwillbythedog.A.catchingB.becaughtC.catchesD.catch12．TheHongKong-ZhuHai-MacaoBridgein2018.Weareexcitedaboutit.A.iscompletedB.iscompletingC.wascompletedD.wascompleting13.Thehouseisbeing.A.cleaningB.cleanC.cleanedD.cleans14.Ibelieveheavyanddifficultjobsbyrobotsinthefuture.A.willdoB.willbedoneCwillbedoingD.willbedo15.Aseriouscaraccidentonthatstreet.A.washappenedB.happenedC.washappeningD.happen16.Youhavetobe18yearsoldbeforeyoutodriveacar.A.allowB.areallowedC.allowedD.areallowing17．Jackoftendoesthingsfoolishly,sohesometimesbyothers.A.is;laughedB.is;laughedatC.was;laughedD.has;beenlaughedat18.Theywereheardjustnow.A.singB.sangC.tosingD.sings19.ManybooksonsciencesinceIwenttocollege.A.wereboughtB.havebeenboughtC.willbeboughtD.areboughtThecakeeasily.A.cutsB.iscutC.cutD.cutting1．Yourbikeneeds