专题11 情态动词-【决胜春考】春季高考英语冲刺总复习（广东小高考专用）

专题11情态动词一、含义情态动词表示说话者的情感，态度和语气。本身有意义，但不能单独做谓语，要和动词原形一起构成句子的谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有：can（could），may（might），must，haveto，shall，should，will（would），need，usedto，oughtto，dare等二、用法1.can&could（1）表示能力，译为“可以”，could表示过去的能力Thebirdcanfly.（2）表示请求和允许，译为“可以”（could更加委婉）Can／CouldIgowithyou？我可以和你一起走呢？（表示请求）Youcantakeit.你可以拿走它。（表允许）（3）表示猜测，常用于否定句中，译为“不可能”Hecan'tbeathome.他不可能在家。（4）can用于疑问句或感叹句表示怀疑，不相信的态度。Canthisbetrue？这可能是真的么？Howcanyoubesocareless？你怎么能够这么不小心。（5）句式转换①一般疑问句，把can／could移到句首。回答是yes，...can／could.No，...can't／couldn't【注意】：could是表示能力的，则could问could答。若是请求的，肯定回答Yes,...can或者Ofcourse／Sure／yes等来回答。否定则用sorry，...can't回答。---Can／Couldthebirdfly？这只鸟会飞么？（表能力）---Yes,itcan/could.---No,itcan't/couldn't.---Couldyoupassmethepaper？你可以递给我那张纸么？（表请求）---Yes,Ican./Sure/Ofcourse./Noproblem.-No,Icant./Sorry.②否定句，把not加到后面，可缩写成can't／couldn'tYoucan'ttakeit.你不能拿走它。即时演练A1．---Iwonder（想知道）if（是否）theseareJim'sglasses．---Theybehis.Hedoesn'twearglasses.AcouldB.mustC.can'tD.may2.Dirtyairandwaterareharmful.Theykillplants,andevenpeople.A.canB.can'tC.shouldD.shouldn't3．你可以传给我一只笔么？（翻译句子）4．CouldyouturnofftheTV？（回答句子，肯否定回答）5．Cansherideabikenow？（回答句子，肯否定回答）2．may＆might（过去式）（1）表示请求和允许。May／MightIgohomenow？我现在可以回家么？（表请求，might语气更委婉）Youmaygohome.你可以回家。（表允许）【注意】：may用于表示请求的问句中，只和第一人称I／we搭配（2）表示猜测，译为“可能”（只用于肯定句）Hemaybeathome.他可能在家。（3）在祈使句中表示祝愿。Mayyouhappy！（4）句式转换①一般疑问句，把may／might移到句首。回答是---Yes，...may／can.---No,...can't/mustn't.---MayIuseplaythepiano？我可以弹钢琴么？---Yes,youmay/can.---No,youcan't/mustn't.②否定句，把not加到后面。Youmaynottakeit.你不能拿走它。即时演练B1.---Sandy,isMrLiintheteachers'officenow?---Iamnotsure.Hebethere.A.mustB.can'tC.mustn'tD.may2.Themanbeadoctorinthishospital,butI'mnotsure.A.mustB.wouldC.canD.might3.---Thesummervacationiscoming.Haveyoumadeaplanforit?.---Notyet.IgotoGuilin.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.must4.shelistentorockmusic?A.MayB.CanC.MightD.Must3.must&haveto[must]（1）表示必须，强调主观需要。Youmustcomeontime.你必须准时来。（2）表示猜测，用在肯定句中，语气最强，译为“一定，肯定”Hemustbeathome.他肯定在家。（3）句式转换①一般疑问句，把must移到句首回答是---Yes,...must.---No,...needn't./don't(doesn't)haveto.---Musthecomeontime？她必须准时来么？---Yes,hemust.---No,heneedn't./hedoesn'thaveto.②否定句，把not加到后面。可缩写为mustn't，译为“不准，不应该，禁止”Wemustn'tcrosstheroadwhenthelightisred.红灯时，我们不准过马路。[haveto]（1）haveto表示“不得不，必须”强调客观需要，否定形式是don't／doesn'thaveto（2）有第三人称单数的变化，即hasto；也有过去式的变化，hadtoShehastocomebackhomebefore9p.m．她必须在9点前到家。IhadtogetupearlywhenIwasachild.当我还是个孩子的时，我必须要很早起床。（3）句式转换①一般疑问句，借助do／does／did.回答是---Yes，...do／does／did.---No，...don't／doesn't／didn't.---Doyouhavetogetupearlyeveryday？你必须每天很早起床么？---Yes,Ido.---No,Idon't.---Doesshehavetocomebackbefore9p.m.？她必须在9点前到家么？--Yes,shedoes.---No,shedoesn't.②否定句，借助助动词don't／doesn't／didn't，后跟haveto。Ididn’thavetogetupearlywhenIwasachild.当我还是个孩子的时，我不用很早起床。即时演练C1.---Look!Therearesomanypeopleintherestaurant.---Yes.Thefoodtherebedelicious.A.shouldn'tB.can'tC.mustD.need2.---IsthatMaryoverthere?---Itbeher.ShehasgonetoKunmingA.mayB.mustC.can'tD.mustn't3.---MustIsweepthefloornow,Mom?---No,you.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.haveto4.Westillhaveplentyoftime.Wehurry.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.doesn'thavetoD.don'thaveto4.shaIl&should【shall】（1）shall用于第一，三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见，请求，译为“应该，会”。Whenshallwego？我们该什么时候走呢？ShallMarrycomeinnow？现在可以让玛丽进来了么？（2）shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话给对方警告，威胁，允诺Youshallfailtheexamifyoudon'tworkharder.（警告）如果你不努力点，你会考试不及格。Ifyoubehavewell，youshallgetapresent.（允诺）如果你表现好，你会得到一份礼物。（3）句式转换①一般疑问句，shall移到句首。回答是---Yes，..shall.---No,...shan't.---ShallMarrycomeinnow？现在可以让玛丽进来了么？---Yes,sheshall.---No,sheshan't.②否定句，shall后加not，缩写形式是shan't。Youshallnotfailtheexamifyouworkharder.（警告）如果你努力点，你不会考试不及格。【should】（1）should表示劝告、建议、责任和义务，译为“应该”。Youshoulddosomesportseveryday.你应该每天做点运动。（表示劝告／建议）Studentsshouldfollowtherules.学生应遵守规则。（义务）（2）句式转换①一般疑问句，should移到句首回答是---Yes，...should.---No,...shouldn't.---Shouldstudentsfollowtherules.学生应遵守规则么？---Yes,theyshould.---No,theyshouldn't.②否定句，should后加not，缩写形式是shouldn't。Youshouldn'twatchTVeveryday.你不应该每天看电视。即时演练D1．Wecarryforward（发扬）thespirit（精神）ofservingthepeoplewhole-heartedly(全心全意为人民服务)．A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.may2.Peopletalkonamobilephonewhiletheyaredriving.A.shouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustD.can5.will&would（1）表示请求、建议时，一般用于第二人称的问句中，would比will更委婉Will／Wouldyoushowmethephoto？你可以给我看一下这个照片么？（2）表示意愿、决心Iwillhelpyouifyourareintrouble.如果你遇上麻烦了，我会帮你的。（3）表示规律性的“注定会”Menwilldiewithoutair.没有空气，人就会死。（4）表示习惯性，特性，常译为“总是”，will用于现在，would用于过去Wemaynotseeeachotheroftenbutwewillalwaysbebestfriends.我们可能不常见面，但我们一直是好朋友。Whenhewasyoung,hewouldoftenswimintheriver.年轻时，他经常在这条河里游泳。（5）句式转换①一般疑问句，will／would移到句首。回答是---Yes，...will／would.---No,...won't/wouldn't.Willmendiewithoutair？没有空气，人就会死么？---Yes,theywill.---No,theywon't.【注意】Will／Wouldyou...是表示请求的意思。肯定回答用yes，I'dloveto.／Yes，please.／Sure／Ofcourse等。否定回答用Sorry，Ican't.／No，thanks等。---Wouldyoudrivemehome？你可以载我回家么？--Sure.--Sorry,Ican't.②否定句，will／would后加not，缩写形式是won't／wouldn't。Wewon'talwaysbebestfriends.我们不会总是朋友。即时演练E1.Theicemeltinsummer.A.wouldB.willC.mayD.should2.--Thesebooksaretooheavy.--Igiveyouahand.A.mayB.havetoC.couldD.will6.usedto（1）usedto意为“过去常常，过去是”，后跟动词原形。表示过去存在的某种状态或过去某种经常性、习惯性的行为。Iusedtolistentopopmusic.我过去常听流行音乐。（2）句式转换①一般疑问句，used移到句首，Usedsbto...？或者借助did，Didsbuseto...？回答是---Yes，...used.---No，...usedn't.或者---Yes,...did.---No，...didn't.---Usedhetogrowupinthecountryside？他过去是在农村长大么？---Yes,heused.---No,heusedn't.---Didheusetogrowupinthecountryside?---Yes,hedid.---No，hedidn't.②否定句，used后加not，缩写形式是usedn't，或didn'tuseto，译为“过去不...”Hedidn'tusedto／usedn'ttotelllies.他过去不说谎。【注意】与usedto相似的短语短语意思例句be/getusedtodoing习惯做某事，后跟动词ing形式Iamusedtoaskingmymumforhelp.我习惯向我妈妈求助。物体beusedtodo某物被用于做某事Thecomputerisusedtocontrolallthemachine.这个电脑是用来控制所有机器。即时演练F1.Heusedtowithhisparents,butnowheisusedtowithheratfriends.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;livingD.living;live2.Therealotofbearsinthisarea.A.usedtobeB.wasusedtobeC.wasusedtobeingD.usedtobeing3.Sheusedtoinasmallvillage,butnowshehasbeenusedto_inthebigcity.A.living;liveB.live;liveC.living;livingD.live;living4.---Mygrandmaisusedtointhecountryside.---Oh.SoismygrandmaA.liveB.livesC.livingD.lived7.hadbetter（1）hadbetter主要用来表示劝告或建议，后跟动词原形，可缩写为'dbetter。（2）hadbetter是一种“命令”口气，含有“我说了，你得听”的意味，故下级对上级，晚辈对长辈不适宜用此结构。You'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou.你最好带把伞。（3）其否定形式为hadbetternotYou'dbetternotplayjokesonhim.你最好不要开他玩笑。8.need（1）need译为需要。Youneedsellmoretickets.你需要卖更多的票。（2）句式转换①一般疑问句，need移到句首。回答是---Yes，...must.---No,...needn't.---Needshewaitforus？她需要等我们么？---Yes,shemust.---No,sheneedn't.②否定句，need后加not，缩写形式是needn'tSheneedn'twaitforus.她不需要等我们。9.dare（1）dare译为“敢”，多用于疑问句，否定句。Youwillbepunishedifyoudarebreaktherules.如果你敢违反规定，你就会受到处罚。（2）句式转换①一般疑问句，dare移到句首。回答是---Yes，...dare.---No,...daren't---Darehetelllies？他敢说谎么？---Yes,hedare.---No,hedaren't.②否定句，dare后加not，缩写形式是daren'tShedaren'tbelateforschool.她不敢迟到。10.oughtto&wouldrather（1）oughtto表示“应该”，否定形式是oughtnotto不应该Yououghttolookupthedictionary.你应该查字典。Yououghtnottofightwithher.你不应该和她打架。（2）wouldrather表示“宁愿”，可缩写成'drather。否定形式wouldrathernot“宁不...”。固定句型：wouldratherdoAthandoB宁可做A，也不愿做B。Iwouldratherreturnhomenow.我宁愿现在回家。IwouldratherlistentomusicthanwatchTV.我宁愿听音乐，也不看电视。综合练习：一、单项选择1.youmendmycar?Inotstartit.A.Would;wouldB.Must;mustC.Can;canD.May;may2.---Where'sMr.Huang?Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellhim.---Youfindhim.HeLondon.A.maynot;hasgonetoB.maynot;hasbeentoC.can't;hasgonetoD.can't;hasbeento3.youpassmeapen?A.NeedB.CouldC.MustD.Should4.Ihavemyownroominmyhouse,soIdowhatIwantinit.A.mustB.havetoC.needD.can5.Theboyanswerthishardquestiononeyearago.A.canB.mayC.couldD.must6.---MustIgotothelawuniversity.---No,you.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.hadbetternotD.mightnot7.---Canyougoshoppingwithusthisafternoon?---Sorry,Ican't.Itakecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto8.---IsMr.Huanginthereadingroom?---No,hebethere.HehasgonetoLondon.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.won'tD.can't9.---Susanlooksupset.What'sup?---Oh,youaretoblame.Youplayajokeonherinfrontofsomanypeople.A.shouldB.shouldn'tC.needn'tD.mustn't10.---CouldIlookatyourpictures?---Yes,ofcourseyou.A.couldB.canC.willD.might11.---MayIgotothecinema,Mum?---Certainly.Butyoubebackby11o'clock.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need12.sheridewhenshewasthreeyearsold?A.CanB.CouldC.NeedD.May13.Iworryaboutthefinaltest.Ialwaysgetwellpreparedbeforeitcomes.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.daren'tD.needn't14.Cars,busesandbikesstopwhentrafficlightschangetored.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need15.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldIplaywithfire.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.won'tD.daren't16.Thenewlawstatesthatpeopledriveafterdrinkingalcohol. Awouldn'tBneedn'tCwon'tDmustn't17.Susan'sparentshaveboughtalargehouse.Itbeveryexpensive.A.mustB.canC.mustn'tD.can't18.ThisbookLucy's.Look!Hernameisonthebookcover.A.mustbeB.maybeC.can'tbeD.mustn'tbe19.---Ihaveyourname,please?A.MustB.WillC.MayD.Need20.---MayIgotothecinema,dad?---No,you.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn'tB.won'tC.don'tD.needn't21.---Ican'tgetthroughmumanyhow.---ThelineisbusySomeonethetelephone.A.canuseB.canhaveusedC.musthaveusedD.mustbeusing22.Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.Youcutyourf