中考英语人教版专题复习课件（甘肃）+专题十+构词法

专题十构词法命题点1派生法

在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。考向1前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）1.表否定意义的前缀前缀含义示例un-不，非able→unableusual→unusualhappy→unhappylock→unlockcomfortable→uncomfortablein-不,无，非active→inactive

correct→incorrectexpensive→inexpensivecomplete→incompleteim-不，无，非polite→impolite

patient→impatientpossible→impossible前缀含义示例dis-不，非like→dislikeappear→disappearagree→disagreehonest→dishonestnon-不；非smoker→non-smokernative→non-native2.其他前缀含义示例mis-错误地understand→misunderstandlead→misleadre-再；又，重复view→review

build→rebuildwrite→rewriteinter-相互；交互在一起net→Internetnational→internationala-处于……状态或过程中live→alivewake→awakeen-使可能rich→enrich

able→enable前缀含义示例tele-远的；电视的；电话的phone→telephonevision→televisioncontrol→telecontrol考向2后缀（后缀多数改变词性）类型后缀示例形容词→名词-nessill→illness

sad→sadnesscareful→carefulnesskind→kindnesshappy→happiness（-le变）-（il）ityable→ability

real→realitypossible→possibility-ce（以t结尾先去t，再加-ce）important→importancesilent→silencedifferent→difference类型后缀示例形容词→名词（去e加）-thtrue→truth

warm→warmth-（e）rforeign→foreignerstrange→stranger-tysafe→safety形容词→副词-lyquiet→quietly

real→reallyfinal→finally以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先变y为i，再加-lyhappy→happily

angry→angrilyheavy→heavily类型后缀示例形容词→副词以“辅音字母+e”结尾，先去掉e，再加-ysimple→simply

terrible→terriblycomfortable→comfortably以“ll”结尾，直接加-yfull→fully少数以e结尾，要先去掉e，再加-lytrue→truly名词→名词-istart→artist

piano→pianisttour→tourist类型后缀示例名词→名词-hoodchild→childhoodneighbor→neighborhood-shipleader→leadershipfriend→friendship-eseChina→ChineseJapan→Japanese-n,

-an,

-ianAustralia→AustralianEurope→Europeanmusic→musician类型后缀示例名词→形容词-yrain→rainy

health→healthywealth→wealthy

luck→lucky类型后缀示例名词→形容词-lylove→lovely

friend→friendly-ousdanger→dangeroushumor→humorous-fuluse→useful

help→helpfulcare→careful-lessuse→useless

help→helplessend→endlesscare→careless-ernsouth→southern

west→western类型后缀示例名词→形容词-engold→golden

wood→wooden-alnation→nationaltradition→traditional-ishfool→foolish

child→childish动词→名词-er,

-or,-（r）essteach→teacher

win→winneract→actor

visit→visitorhost→hostess

wait→waitress类型后缀示例动词→名词-ingpaint→painting

build→buildingcross→crossing-（t）ion/-sion/去e加-ationinvite→invitationattract→attractiondiscuss→discussion动词→形容词-ablecomfort→comfortableenjoy→enjoyable类型后缀示例动词→形容词（去e加）-（t）iveact→active

create→creative-（e）dsurprise→surprisedmove→movedinterest→interestedrelax→relaxed（去e加）-inginterest→interestingexcite→exciting命题点2合成法

用两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。其构成方法有3种：（1）词与词之间加连字符“-”；（2）词与词合成一个词；（3）词与词分开。类型主要方式例词合成动词副词+动词overcome克服合成名词名词+名词basketball篮球bookshop书店形容词+名词greenhouse温室blackboard黑板类型主要方式例词合成名词动名词+名词living

room起居室reading

room阅览室名词+动词-ingletter-writing写信story-telling讲故事介词+名词afternoon下午类型主要方式例词合成形容词名词+形容词world-famous举世闻名的snow-white雪白的名词/形容词+名词-edglass-topped玻璃罩的kind-hearted好心的介词+名词underground地下的名词+动词-ingEnglish-speaking说英语的类型主要方式例词合成形容词名词+过去分词man-made人造的heartbroken心碎的，悲伤的数词+名词second-hand二手的one-way单行的数词+名词+形容词10-meter-long

10米长的合成副词副词+名词upstairs在楼上downstairs在楼下类型主要方式例词合成介词介词+名词outside在……外面inside在……里面介词+副词without没有

throughout自始至终；遍及命题点3转化法

英语中，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性，这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式如下：类别例词名词→动词book（n.）书→（v.）预订hand（n.）手→（v.）上交water（n.）水→（v.）浇水land（n.）陆地→（v.）着陆name（n.）名字→（v.）命名score（n.）分数→（v.）得分类别例词动词→名词cook（v.）烹饪→（n.）厨师rain（v.）下雨→（n.）雨walk（v.）散步，走→（n.）散步break（v.）打破→（n.）休息stop（v.）停止→（n.）车站lift（v.）举起→（n.）电梯形容词→动词clean（adj.）干净的→（v.）打扫open（adj.）开放的→（v.）打开last（adj.）最后的→（v.）持续tidy（adj.）整洁的→（v.）使整洁类别例词形容词→名词right（adj.）正确的→（n.）正确wrong（adj.）错误的→（n.）错误back（adj.）后面的→（n.）背部，后面light（adj.）明亮的→（n.）灯；光Ⅰ.词汇考查1.The

family

are

having

a

__________（discuss）

about

how

to

help

the

homeless

cats

in

the

neighborhood.2.In

Zhuhai

Park,

you

can

enjoy

the

natural

beauty,

or

_______（simple）

breathe

the

fresh

air.3.The

man

who

has

made

up

his

mind

to

win

will

never

say

“___________（possible）”.discussionsimplyimpossible4.People

in

that

city

prepared

to

________（build）

their

houses

after

the

terrible

flood.5.Although

he

has

some

______________（advantage）,

the

teacher

still

encourages

him

a

lot.6.Mozart

was

one

of

the

most

famous

__________（music）

in

the

world.7.This

new

program

will

_______（able）

older

people

to

study

at

college.8.The

future

is

__________（certain）.

No

one

knows

what

will

happen

tomorrow.

So

live

for

now!rebuilddisadvantagesmusiciansenableuncertain9.With

the

money,

we

have

____________（success）

sent

many

poor

children

to

school.10.Some

insects

are

_________（harm）

and

we

should

try

to

protect

them.11.It's

very

kind

of

you

to

help

me

with

my

English

with

great

_________（patient）.12.I

am

afraid

she

will

refuse

my__________（invite）

because

we

don't

know

each

other

well.successfullyharmlesspatienceinvitation13.He

was

quite

___________（humour）,

and

I

liked

that

about

him.14.Your

___________（suggest）

is

of

great

value

and

is

really

worth

taking.

Thank

you

so

much!15.Mr.

Wind

was

so

proud

that

he

thought

he

was

more

_________（power）

than

Mr.

Sun.16.To

our

___________（excited）,

our

school

team

won

the

basketball

match

again

this

time!humouroussuggestionpowerfulexcitementⅡ.任务型完形填空use,

cheap,

head,

science,

difference,four,

tradition,

west,

research,

actual

What

should

you

do

if

you

have

a

17.__________?

In

modern

times,

people

often

take

aspirin（阿司匹林）.

But

is

aspirin

18._________

a

modern

medicine?

More

than

4,000

years

ago,

ancient

Egyptians

used

dried

leaves

to

treat

pain.

And

in

the

19._______

century

B.

C.,

a

medicine

made

from

tree

bark（树皮）

was

used

to

treat

fevers.

headacheactuallyfourthIn

the

nineteenth

century,

European

20.____________

discovered

that

both

medicines

have

the

same

chemical.

They

used

the

chemical

to

make

a

modern

medicine—aspirin.

Today,

it's

one

of

the

world's

21._________

and

most

helpful

medicines.researcherscheapestuse,

cheap,

head,

science,

difference,four,

tradition,

west,

research,

actual

Some

of

the

medicines

we

have

today

come

from

22.___________

Chinese

medicine.

In

the

third

century

B.C.,

some

people

began

studying

the

human

body.

They

tried

many

23._________

ways

to

treat

the

patients

and

recorded

their

results.

For

more

than

2,000

years,

doctors

recorded

what

they

fo