中考英语专题复习 介词和介词短语课件

专题六介词和介词短语

介词是一种虚词，可分为时间介词、方位介词、方式介词和其他

介词。1.

时间介词(1)at、on与in介词用法示例at表示具体时间点，用于钟点、时刻等名词前或一些固定短语中

at

half

past

ten在十点半

at

that

time在那时at

noon在中午 at

night在晚上介词用法示例on表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上；用于特定的日子、具体的日期、星期、节日前on

Monday在周一on

the

evening

of

June

30th在6月30日的晚上in用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节前；泛指在上午、下午或晚上in

2024在2024年

in

spring在春天in

the

morning在早上(2)in、after与before介词用法示例in“in＋一段时间”表示在一段时间之

后，常用于将来时，对其提问用how

soonThe

meeting

will

be

held

in

30

minutes.会议将在三十分钟后召

开。介词用法示例after表示“……之后”It

began

to

rain

after

seven

o’clock.七点之后，天开始下雨了。before表示“在……之前”

You

should

wash

your

hands

before

meals.你应该在饭前洗手。(3)until与by介词用法示例until“直到……才”，与非延续性动

词连用，用于否定句；“直

到……为止”，与延续性动词连

用，用于肯定句May

I

keep

this

book

until

tomorrow？我可以保存这本书到明天吗？介词用法示例by“到……为止”，若by后接的是表示将来的时间，则用一般将来时；若by后接的是表示过去的时间，则主句用过去完成时These

workers

will

build

the

bridge

by

the

end

of

this

year.到

本年年末，这些工人们将会建

造好那座桥梁。(4)since与for介词用法示例since“自从……”，指从过去某时刻一直延续至今的一段时间，后接具体的时间点，主句用完成时态It

has

rained

since

yesterday

morning.自从昨天上午以来，天一直

在下雨。介词用法示例for指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段My

family

has

lived

in

the

village

for

thirty

years.我家住在这个村庄已经三十年了。2.

方位介词(1)in、on与to介词用法图解助记in“在……内部”，表示在某一地区的范围内(属于该地区)

on表示两地相邻或接壤

to表示在某一地区的范围外，并且两地不接壤

(2)on、over与above介词用法on表示“在……上面”(与某物体表面相接触)over表示“在……正上方”，与物体不接触(有垂直关系)，over的反义词是under“在……正下方”above表示“在……上方”，与物体不接触(没有垂直关系)，其反义词

是below“在……下方”(3)across、through、over与past介词用法across意为“横过，穿过”，表示从物体表面横向穿过，即从一边到

另一边，如过街、过河、过桥、过马路等through意为“通过，穿过”，表示从物体中间穿过，如穿过森林、山

脉、窗户等over表示从上方“越过”，如越过栏杆等past表示从旁边“经过”，如路过某人、经过某地等【图解助记】3.

方式介词方式介词用法by①表示交通方式，后接与交通工具有关的名词，名词用单数且前面不加任何修饰词②表示某种方式、手段，名词前不用冠词；若后接动词，用动名词形式in表示用某种材料、语言、交通工具等，如in

wood、in

English、in

a

car方式介词用法on①也可用于表示交通工具的名词前，且该名词前有限定词，有时用于固定词组中，如on

his

bike②表示“以……方式”，后常跟手段、通讯方式等，如on

the

internetwith表示“使用；伴随”，其后接具体的工具、手段、材料、身体某一部位或器官等，也可表示某物具备某种特性4.

其他介词(1)between与among①between的意思是“在……之间”，用于两者之间。The

bank

is

between

the

bookstore

and

the

post

office.银行在书店和

邮局之间。②among的意思是“在……中间”，用于三者或三者以上。Among

all

the

students，

he

is

the

cleverest.在所有学生中，他是最

聪明的。(2)besides与except①besides表示“除了……之外(还有)”，其后的宾语所指的人或物都包括

在整体之内，表示肯定的内容。Besides

Tom，

we

went

to

the

park.除了汤姆，我们也去了公园。②except表示“除了……外，没有……”，其后的宾语所指的人或物不包

括在内，有否定意味。We

all

went

to

the

zoo，

except

Tom.除了汤姆，我们都去了动物园。5.

常考的含介词的固定搭配分类示例介词＋

名词at

night在晚上

at

work在工作at

the

same

time同时at

times有时

at

the

moment此刻

after

a

while过了一会by

the

way顺便说一下 by

the

time到……的时候 by

mistake错误地

by

accident偶然；意外地分类示例be＋形容词＋介词be

good

at擅长

be

angry

with生……的气

be

afraid

of害怕

be

busy

with忙于 be

full

of充满

be

interested

in对……感兴趣be

famous

for因……而出名动词＋介词agree

with同意

ask

for要求

begin

with以……开始

die

of/from死于 hear

from

(sb.)收到(某人的)信

hear

of听说look

for寻找

look

after照看

一、选择填空(

C

)1.(2024福建)A

special

festival

was

held

September

23rd

last

year

to

honor

the

hard

work

of

Chinese

farmers.A.inB.forC.on(

C

)2.(2024福建)－May

I

take

your

order，

Mr.Chen？－I’d

like

a

cup

of

coffee

and

a

cake

.A.by

mistakeB.at

timesC.as

usualCC一二

(

A

)3.(2023福建)The

toy

is

my

little

brother.

I

bought

it

yesterday.A.forB.fromC.by(

B

)4.(2024福建)

May

2024，

we

held

many

events

to

celebrate

the

100th

birthday

of

the

Communist

Youth

League

of

China.A.AtB.InC.OnAB一二(

A

)5.(2023福建)

fire，

we

should

stay

calm

and

leave

as

quickly

as

possible.A.In

case

ofB.In

need

ofC.In

search

of(

A

)6.(2024南平二检)Betty

improved

her

way

of

study.

，

she

has

made

great

progress.A.As

a

resultB.At

firstC.As

usualAA一二(

A

)7.(2024三明一检)－I

haven’t

been

back

to

our

hometown

for

quite

a

few

years.－You

really

need

to

come

for

a

visit，

and

you’ll

find

changes

there

are

imagination.A.beyondB.withoutC.for(

C

)8.(2024莆田二检)－My

brother

often

borrows

a

lot

of

books

the

library.－He

is

really

a

reading

fan.

A.toB.forC.fromAC一二(

A

)9.(2024龙岩一检)－David，

you

broke

the

windows！－Sorry，

I

didn’t

do

it

.A.on

purposeB.for

certainC.by

chance(

C

)10.(2024厦门二检)－I

like

to

do

creative

homework

prepared

teachers

this

term.－Me

too.

It’s

also

a

challenge

for

us.A.inB.forC.byAC一二(

B

)11.(2023漳州二检)

We

should

take

action

to

protect

wildlife

feeding

them

only.A.because

ofB.instead

ofC.in

case

of(

A

)12.(2024福州一检)－Everyone

in

my

family

can

play

table

tennis，

Tommy.－Really？

He

is

only

five

years

old！A.includingB.exceptC.besideBA一二(

A

)13.(2024厦门一检)

their

three-month

stay

in

space，

the

astronauts

have

over

120

different

kinds

of

food

to

choose

from.A.DuringB.AmongC.Between(

A

)14.(2024漳州二检)The

instructions

tell

us

everything

about

how

to

make

a

model

plane.A.in

detailB.in

personC.in

needAA一二(

A

)15.(2023龙岩二检)Lily

helped

an

old

woman

her

way

to

school.A.onB.atC.in(

B

)16.(2023宁德二检)－It’s

difficult

to

go

the

forest

without

a

guide.－You

are

right.

So

we

should

never

hike

into

the

mountains

alone.A.acrossB.throughC.alongAB一二(

C

)17.(2023泉州二检)－Helen

practiced

hardest

among

us

and

she

won

first

prize

in

the

competition.－A

dream

can’t

come

true

hard

work.A.overB.throughC.without(

A

)18.(2023三明二检)Xinjiang

is

the

northwest

of

China，

and

it’s

famous

for

cotton.A.inB.onC.atCA一二(

A

)19.(2023厦门二检)－Jim，

do

you

know

the

lady

purple？－Oh，

she

is

our

new

physics

teacher.A.inB.onC.of(

A

)20.(2023漳州二检)On

sunny

days，

I

prefer

reading

books

the

window.A.byB.forC.withAA一二(

B

)21.(2023福州三检)Usually

I

have

dinner

with

my

grandparents

Wednesdays.A.atB.onC.in(

A

)22.(2023福州二检)－Our

project

is

going

to

be

finished

one

small

part.－Whatever

it

is，you’d

better

hurry

up.A.exceptB.amongC.besideBA一二(

C

)23.(2023泉州二检改编)The

man

was

famous

a

scientist.

He

made

a

great

contribution

to

the

world.A.byB.forC.as(

C

)24.(2023厦门二检)－Peter

ends

up

playing

games

again.－There

is

no

need

to

pick

at

your

son

all

day

long.

，

he’s

a

child.A.So

farB.For

exampleC.After

allCC一二(

C

)25.(2023漳州二检)－What

is

a

writing

brush，

do

you

know？－It’s

writing

and

drawing.A.byB.toC.forC一二二、短文填空(节选)1.(2024福建)While

Xi’an

is

a

city

a

long

history，

it

is

also

very

much

a

part

of

the

modern

world.2.(2023福建)

first，

the

clay

tigers

were

all

of

the

same

small

size.

Now

there

are

tigers

of

different

sizes

and

the

largest

can

be

over

two

meters

tall.3.(2024福建)People

had

rebuilt

the

bridge

many

times.

But

it

was

still

washed

away

over

and

over

again.

“What’s

wrong

it？”

Li

Chun，

the

most

famous

local

engineer

at

that

time，

asked

himself.withAtwith一二4.(2023福建)Caitlin，

a

young

German

beginner，

says，

“Tai

chi

is

a

fun

exercise，

easy

to

learn，

and

you

don’t

have

to

be

good

it

to

enjoy

it.

I

love

the

feeling

of

calm

I

get

from

it.”5.(2024厦门二检)Although

the

living

standards

ancient

times

cannot

be

compared

to

the

modern

time，the

Chinese

people

act