中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题一++名词

专题一名词知识必备名词的位置及句法功能功能位置例句作主语句首Theappleisbig.这个苹果很大。作宾语动词或介词后HowdidyouenjoyyourChristmas?你圣诞节过得怎么样？作表语系动词后Thefilmwasquitewonderful.这部电影相当精彩。作定语被修饰词之前Herfatherboughtagoldwatchforher.她的父亲为她买了一块金表。作宾语补足语宾语之后IcallhimPipu.我叫他皮普。同位语名词或代词后Mr.Wang,mychild'steacher,willvisitusonTuesday.我孩子的老师，王老师，将于周二来访。(2023·娄底改编)WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iseldomhelpedmyparentsathome.IthoughtIshouldspendmytimeonschoolworktogetgoodgrades.Myparentsdidallthe1.________(chore).Iusedtomakeamessandthrowmythingseverywhere.Oneday,whenmymotherwenthomeafterworkandfoundalotof2.________(rubbish)inourhouse,shegotsomadatme.Shesaidtomeseriously,“Youmustdosomehouseworkeverydayfromnowon.”Italkedbackloudly,“Itisthe3.__________(parent)jobtoprovideacleanandcomfortableenvironmentathome.”choresrubbishparents'NowI'm4.___15-year-oldmiddleschoolstudent.Ihavealabor(劳动)classatschooleveryweek.The5._________(teach)teachesushowtomakefood,tidytheroom,growsomevegetablesandsoon.Iunderstandthatdoinghousework6.____(be)moredifficultthanIusedtoimagine.7.__________(think)backthoseolddays,IregretwhatIhavedonebefore.Ibegintodomorehousework,somyparentscanhaveagoodrestwhentheycomebackfromwork.Theyarealso8._______(pride)ofmychange.Inmyopinion,we9.__________(child)shouldbeindependentandtakecareofourselves.Becauseitnotonlyhelpsuslearnmanybasic10.________(skill),butalsohelpsusdevelopgoodhabits.ateacherisThinkingproudchildrenskills考点1名词的分类(1)专有名词的第一个字母必须大写，但其中的虚词，如冠词(a,an和the)、介词(at,in,on等)的第一个字母一般不大写。如：theUnitedStates美国theUnitedKingdom英国(2)抽象名词是不可数名词，但在一些短语或句子中可以作可数名词。如：havearest休息catchacold感冒haveagoodtime玩得开心(3)集体名词people(人们),police(警察)通常用作复数，因此不能说apeople,apolice,但可以说aperson(一个人),apoliceman(一名男警察)。(4)集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；看作整体中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。·Hisfamilyisahappyone.他家庭幸福。·Myfamilyareallhavingdinneratthemoment.此刻我们全家人正在吃晚饭。考点2名词的数►可数名词与不可数名词类别特点可数名词①有单数和复数两种形式。如：desk—desks②前面可用基数词、不定冠词(a/an)、many等词修饰。如：threeboys,anapple,manystudents不可数名词①没有复数形式，如：tea,Tian'anmenSquare,courage②前面可用much,little等词修饰，不可以被基数词或不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰③若表示数量，可用量词来修饰、限定。如：apieceofpaper,twocupsoftea【注意】英语中有一些名词既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，但含义不同，常见的有：名词可数不可数chicken鸡鸡肉experience经历经验life生命；一生(泛指)生物orange橙子橙汁room房间空间wood树林木头；木材名词可数不可数exercise练习题；操锻炼；运动glass玻璃杯玻璃light电灯光；光线radio收音机无线电time次数；倍数时间work作品工作

可数名词和不可数名词的常见修饰语(1)只修饰可数名词的修饰语：few很少；几乎没有 afew一些；几个several几个；数个；一些 acoupleof两个

many(a)很多 anumberof若干；许多agreat/largenumberof许多(2)只修饰不可数名词的修饰语：little几乎没有 alittle少量

much很多 abitof有一点儿

agood/greatdealof很多 alargeamountof大量的(3)既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的修饰语：some一些；若干 alotof很多

lotsof很多 plentyof充足的

most大多数的 all全部的therestof剩下的►名词的数(1)有些名词虽然以s结尾，却表示不可数概念。如：news,grass,physics,politics,maths(2)复合名词变复数时只需要改最后一个名词，但man,woman构成的复合名词除外。·threeschoolbuses三辆校车 twomenteachers两位男教师fivepencilcases五个文具盒(3)除人民币单位元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：fiveyuan

twodollars(4)以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名，也视为单数。·The

Arabian

Nightsisaveryinterestingstorybook.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。(5)多数情况下，名词用单数形式作定语。·shoefactory鞋厂heartattack心脏病bloodtype血型(6)有些常以复数形式出现的名词也可作定语。·clothesshop服装店sportsmeet运动会goodstrain货车1．(2024·临夏)Therearemany_______(sheep)eatinggrassoverthere.2．(2023·湘西改编)Chinaisoneoftheoldest________(country)intheworld.3．Thereareonlytwo_______(woman)assistantsinthatshoeshop.4．Manypeoplehavetolookupthemeaningofthiswordin______________

(dictionary).5．Nowadays,largenumbersofChinese__________(product)havebeensoldtoforeigncountries.6．Ihavelivedabroadforseveral_______(year),butIhaveneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktomymotherland.sheepcountrieswomendictionariesproductsyears考点3名词所有格(1)基数词＋连字符＋可数名词单数，一般用作定语修饰名词，它相当于“基数词＋名词所有格”。如：atwo-daytrip＝atwodays'trip

aten-minutedrive＝atenminutes'drive(2)在表示“店铺”“某某家”“诊所”“办公室”的名词所有格后，一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。如：atthedoctor's

gotomyuncle's

thebaker's(3)很多节日的表达用's或s'所有格形式。如：Teachers'Day

Mother'sDay

Children'sDay7．Onmywayhome,Imetanoldfriend____minebyaccident.(盲填)8．Tomorrowis_________(Teacher)Day.Tothankalltheteachers,ourschoolwillhaveabigparty.9．—Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool？—It'sonlyfive__________(minute)walk.10．Weofferedtolookafterour____________(neighbor)dogwhenshewasaway.11．Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon____________(Child)Day.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.ofTeachers'minutes'neighbor'sChildren's12．ThebigroomisJackandPeter's.(英译汉)________________________________________________________13．Lucy'sandLiMing'smothersarebothdoctors.(英译汉)_________________________________________________这个大房间是Jack(杰克)和Peter(彼得)的。Lucy(露西)和李明的妈妈都是医生。技巧一如何判断空处应用名词、名词所有格还是形容词►用名词的情况(1)位于句首，在句中作主语。·Smartspeakersareusedtoplaymusicoranswerquestionswithvoices.智能扬声器用于播放音乐或用语音回答问题。(2)位于动词或介词后作宾语。·Youcancontrolyourhomewithsmartphonesorvoices.你可以通过智能手机或语音控制你的家。(3)位于形容词后，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。·Smarthomesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularthesedays.如今，智能家居越来越受欢迎。(4)位于限定词this,these,those,many,some,any,alotof,every,the等后。·Allthesedevicesworktogetherasonetomakeyourhomesmarterandyourlifeeasier.所有这些设备作为一个整体协同工作，使你的家更智能，使你的生活更轻松。(5)位于数词后。·Eachcoinhastwosides，sodosmarthomes.事物都有两面性，智能家居也是如此。(6)其他情况：位于系动词后作表语；冠词、形容词性物主代词之后；名词所有格及一些固定搭配中。►用名词所有格的情况(1)位于名词前，表示“……的”。(2)用于固定搭配中。(3)用于专有名词。►用形容词的情况(1)位于系动词、感官动词后。·IfeelfreeandpeacefulwheneverIride.每次骑行时，我都会感到自由与平静。(2)位于名词前，作定语。·Readingagoodbookisawonderfuljourney.读一本好书是一段美妙的旅程。(3)位于复合不定代词之后，作定语，修饰复合不定代词。·Wecanintroducesomethingspecialaboutourhometown.我们可以介绍一下我们家乡的一些特别之处。(4)位于宾语之后，作宾语补足语，常与make，leave,keep等动词连用。(5)在as…as…/notso…as…结构中，且空前有系动词。常见的名词变形容词的变化规则(部分单词需要变形再加后缀)：变化规则示例变化规则示例n.＋-ycloud—cloudynoise—noisyn.＋-fulbeauty—beautifuljoy—joyfuln.＋-alcentre—centraltradition—traditionaln.＋-lesscare—carelessend—endlessn.＋-lyday—dailyweek—weeklyn.＋-engold—goldenwood—woodenn.＋-erneast—easternnorth—northernn.＋-ousdanger—dangerousmountain—mountainous(多山的)n.＋-ablevalue—valuable

fashion—fashionable技巧二如何判断所填名词是可数名词还是不可数名词(详见本书P87)技巧三如何判断可数名词用单数形式还是复数形式例1

(2024·眉山改编)—Tom!Pleasebrushyour__________(tooth)carefullytwiceaday!—OK，Iwill.【方法点拨】第①步：此空位于形容词性物主代词your后，应填名词；第②步：tooth是可数名词，根据常识可知，这里表示所有的牙齿，应填tooth的复数形式teeth。例2

(2024·兰州)Itisvery______________(use)tobeabletospeakaforeignlanguage.【方法点拨】第①步：此空位于系动词is后，作表语，应填形容词；第②步：根据语境可知，此处表示“会说一门外语是非常有用的”，应填形容词useful。一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1．(2024·遂宁改编)QiJiguangisoneofthegreatestnational________(hero)inChina.Wewillrememberhimforever.2．Damingishappytodaybecausehehelpedsomebodylookforasetof_____(key)onhiswayhome.3．Chinahasthebesttabletennisteamintheworld.Theyhavewonmany________(prize)forourcountry.4．Itis____________(meaning)toraisemoneytohelpthosechildreninneed.5．Goldenmonkeysarecleverand________(love),andarefriendlytopeople.heroeskeysprizesmeaningfullovely6．HowmuchbeefdoIneed?Iwanttocookbeefwith__________(potato)fordinner.7．Theumbrellaisoneofthe___________(visitor).Heleftitherethedaybeforeyesterday.8．Parentsshouldputthedangerousthingslike________(knife)awayinthehousetokeepchildrensafe.9．It'sagoodideathatstudentsshouldbefreetochooseafter-schoolactivitiesaccordingtotheir_________(hobby)．10．Thefamouswritergivesalotof_________(speech)onhowtowriteeveryyear.potatoesvisitors'kniveshobbiesspeeches二、短文填空衡山之旅(韶华原创)I'man1.__________(America)student.Now,I'mstudyinginHunanUniversity.Lastsummervacation,ItraveledtoMountHengshan,oneofthefivemostfamous2.___________(mountain)inChinawithmyclassmates.Aftertwo3.________(hour)ride,thedreamplacewewerelookingforwardtocameintoview.WhenwegottotheZhurongPeak,thehighestoneofits72peaks,wefeltvery4._____________(comfort)．Americanmountainshours'comfortableThebeautyofMountHengshanowedto(归功于)itsgreen5._______(tree)andstraightbamboos.Growingonallslopes(斜坡),theylookedlikeagreenseaand6.___fantasticChinesepainting.Thesunlightshonethroughthethick7.______(leaf).Thewaterfallswerefallingfromtherocksandbirdsweresinging8._________(happy)inthewoodsandvalleys(山谷).Travelinghere,Iwassurprisedbythewonderful9._________(nature)scenery,anddidn'twanttoreturnhome.Itisreallyworth10.__________(visit)．treesaleaveshappilynaturalvisiting一、完形填空活到老，学到老KimaniisastarpupilinClassTwoofaprimaryschoolinKenya.Butheisabitdifferentfromhis1.Heis85yearsold.Buteverymorninghegetstothe2andsitsdownintheclassroom.“Ican'treadorwrite,andnowthisismychanceto3，”Kimanisays.“ForthefirsttimethereisfreeeducationinKenya.Itisveryimportanttome.Amanisnevertoo4tolearn.”Kimanihastodothesameasalltheotherstudentsintheclass.Hehastositatthesamedeskandwearthesame5—awhiteshirt,blueshortsandabluejumper.Heisaverygoodstudent.Heworksveryhardinclass.Kimani'steacher,EzricMuniu,says,“Kimaniissoclever.Nowhecanreadthe6now.”JosephandCharlesareKimani'sclassmates.Theyarebotheightyearsold.Josephsays,“Nowheisour7.Heteachesussongsandtellsus8abouttheoldtimes.”Charlesagrees.“Mygrandparentsliveveryfarfromhere,soitisgoodthatwecanhaveGuga.”9nicknameinclassisGuga.Itmeans“grandad”．EducationinKenyaisnowfreeandforeveryone.Buttherearen'tenoughschools.Inthisprimaryschooltherearenow890students—that'sabout100pupilsineachclass!“Butwearehappythatso10childrenhaveachancetolearn，”saysMrs.Obinchu,theheadteacheroftheprimaryschool.(

)1.A．parents

B．classmates

C．friends(

)2.A．park B．libraryC．school(

)3.A．teach B．workC．learn(

)4.A．young B．oldC．useful(

)5.A．uniform B．hatC．glasses答案BCCBA(

)6.A．films B．programsC．newspapers(

)7.A．actor B．bossC．teacher(

)8.A．buildings B．storiesC．directions(

)9.A．Kimani B．Kimani'C．Kimani's(

)10.A．many B．muchC．f