2025届高考英语二轮复习专项解密14阅读理解之推理判断题含解析

解密14阅读理解之推理推断题序号题型真题Part1解密高考考点综述备考建议Part2对点解密考点精准说1...真题对点析1...对点模拟练1...Part3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part1解密高考【考点综述】 推理推断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括推断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的推断，正确的推断又依靠于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出确定推断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字依据的推理，也不能依据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是依据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有： 1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat… 2.Wecanconcludethat… 3.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat… 4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?【备考建议】从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理推断题所占的比例也许在7％-10％，依据高考对阅读理解之推理推断题的考察，在复习备考中，考生应当从以下五大题型留意复习：细微环节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预料想象推理题和写作意图推想题。Part2对点解密【考点精准说】1----→细微环节推断题常见的设问方式： Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat_________. Theauthormainlysuggeststhat________. Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_______. Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystates_______. Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers? 细微环节推断题属于深层理解题，要求依据语篇内容，推断详细细微环节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。干扰项特点： 1.文章中干脆用于表达细微环节的信息 2.文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论 3.与文章内容完全相反的结论 4.不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。解题技巧 1.要全面分析全部相关信息，切忌片面思索，得出片面结论。 2.要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。 3.留意不要选择表层信息答案，应当立足由已知推断未知。【真题对点析】1（2024·全国卷1，B）Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人沉醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.24．Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A．Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B．It’sawindowtoawholenewworld.C．It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.D．Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25．WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?A．It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B．It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C．It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D．It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A．DebtB．Reward.C．Allowance.D．Facevalue.27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．Helovespoetry.B．He’saneditor.C．He’sveryambitious.D．Heteachesreading.【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和好处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者激励读者去重新阅读书籍。24．推理推断题。依据第一段最终两句“Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变更之处)”和其次段“Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.(重新阅读的奇妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时间飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜爱重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25．推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.”及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年头在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简洁的日子的回顾。由此可推断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。26．词义揣测题。依据最终一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱的确是奇妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，依据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此推断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。27．推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《挽救暮光之城:诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜爱诗歌而喜爱这本书。故选A项。【对点模拟练】1ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth,Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers’questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots,butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway,thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberius,wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks,IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctsinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride,Itookthebus,butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel’sswimmingpool,Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers,whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater,onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen,I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica,sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU.S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends,IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.1.By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inparagraph1),theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas______.A.sickofridingonabumpybus B.nervousofmeetingstrangersC.upsetaboutthesuddenchange D.sorryabouttheimpracticalplan2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A.Courageousbutdisrespectful. B.Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C.Warmheartedandtrustworthy. D.Homelessbutlighthearted.3.Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat______.A.shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackers B.itmightcausetroubletohaveaswimC.sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackers D.itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B.Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.C.Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D.Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与挚友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她确定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经验了奇妙的几天，并和他们成了好挚友。1.C【解析】推理推断题。依据前文“Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.”可知作者被挚友放鸽子了，被放鸽子确定是悲观的，C项（因为突然的变更而感到懊丧的）最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。2.C【解析】推理推断题。依据““Whydon’tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；依据“Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould”可知这些背包客旅游阅历很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。3.A【解析】推理推断题。依据“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感说了“好”，也就是说她的第六感让她信任她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。4.D【解析】推理推断题。依据“TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.”可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，再结合最终一句“ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.”可知作者庆幸她的挚友没有接她的电话。由此可以推断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的确定，故选D。【考点精准说】2--→预料推断题常见的设问方式： Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if…? Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_______. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout_______. Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph? 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生依据语篇内容，对事务可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预料、推断。作这类题时考生应精确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较精确的、合情合理的揣测。 解题技巧做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事务发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预料。 做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事务发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预料。【真题对点析】2（2024﹒新课标全国卷Ⅱ，B）ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.zx.x.kIfyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert. B.Adrink.C.Acontainer. D.Amachine.27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Atravelbrochure.【语篇解读】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲解并描述了人们酷爱水果丰富的7月，这时候各种水果养分丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜爱的甜点或冰淇淋。24.C【解析】细微环节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜爱樱桃什么。依据其次段中Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。26.D【解析】词义揣测题。依据最终一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知，孩子们喜爱把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出ajuicer就是一台机器。故选D。27.B【解析】文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的养分，最终一段指出我们可以用ajuicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇探讨论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。【对点模拟练】2In1971wewerelivinginWichita,Kansas—Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristenwasababy.Momwasstayingwithusduringtheholidays.OnChristmasEveIstayedupverylate.Iwastotallyalonewithmythoughts,alternatingbetweenjoyandsorrow,andIgottothinkaboutmypaperroute(送报),thattree,whatmymotherhadsaidtomeandhowdadhadtriedtomakethingsbetter. IheardanoiseinthekitchenanddiscoveredthatitwasMom.Shecouldn’tsleepeitherandhadgottenuptomakeherselfacupofhotteawhichmadeherfeelbetter.Asshewaitedforthewatertoboil,shewalkedintothelivingroomanddiscoveredmethere.ShesawmyopenBibleandaskedmewhatIwasreading.WhenItoldher,sheaskedifIwouldreadittoherandIdid. Whenthekettlebegantowhistle,shewentandmadehertea.Shecameback.ItoldherhowhappyIwasthatshewaswithusforChristmasandhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtoseehisgrandchildrenandtoenjoythistimebecausehealwayslovedChristmassomuch.Shewentveryquietforamomentandthenshesaid,"DoyourememberthattimeonTwelveMileRoadwhenyouboughtthattreewithyourpaperroutemoney?" "Yes,"Isaid,"I’vejustbeenthinkingaboutityouknow." Shehesitatedforalongmoment,asthoughsomethingwasbottledupsodeeplyinsidehersoulthatitmighttakecouragetogetitout.Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,"Oh,son,pleaseforgiveme.ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid."Whatislikelytobedescribedinthenextparagraph?A.HowtheywouldcelebratetheChristmas.B.Howtheauthor’sfathersupportedthefamily.C.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sparentsinthepast.D.Thereasonfortheauthor’sparents’divorce. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外发觉母亲也未入睡,当我们回忆往事时,她失声痛哭。【答案】C【解析】推理推断题。依据最终一段母亲所说的话"ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid"可推知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难受;据此可以推断,下文将叙述发生在作者父母身上的故事,故C项正确。【考点精准说】3----→文章来源或读者对象题 常见的设问方式： Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_______. Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________. Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom? 文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备确定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普学问、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时依据文章的特点选出答案。【真题对点析】3（2024·全国卷I，C）Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍旧是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来平安，而且这项技术也不贵。31.D【解析】推理推断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来平安，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。【对点模拟练】3When6-year-oldTarrynHenkelmanwalkedthroughagiantblueboxfilledwithtoys,sheknewexactlywhatshewanted.WhensheandherparentswalkedoutoftheGoodwillonPavilionLane,sheheldafold-upblueminibiketightlytoherchest.Heroldminibikerecentlybroke,andshewantedtomovearoundherneighborhoodontwowheelsonceagain.Shehadn’twalkedintothestoreexpectingapresent,butassheandherfamilywalkedpastthecountertheygotaholidaysurprisewhenToddWakefield,Goodwill’sSeniorDirectorofRetail,deliveredsomegoodnews."Allkidstoday,alldaylong,youcangetonefreetoy,orfreekids’book,"hesaid,announcingaspecialtreatmadepossiblebyananonymous(匿名的)donor.Nearlyadecadeago,oneFortCollinsmancutacheckcoveringthecostofeverytoyinthestoreandrepeatediteveryyear,sothatanychildwhowalksthroughthefrontdoorcanpickoutsomethingtotakehomeforfree.Hesaidhedidnotneedrecognitionforhisactofkindness,butsaidthatthisdayhadbecomeanimportantpartofhisfamily’sChristmastradition.Askidscrowdedaroundplasticboxesoverflowingwithtoys,heandhiswifequietlytookinthescenebeforeslippingoutthefrontdoor,unnoticed.Storestaffmemberssetasideextratoysinthedayleadinguptothesurprisegiveawaytomakesurethatnochildleftempty-handedonSaturday.WakefieldwasthestoremanagerattheFortCollinsGoodwillthefirstyeartheanonymousdonorwalkedthroughthefrontdoorandaskedtobuyupthetoysection.EventhoughWakefieldhassincetakenajobatGoodwill’scorporateoffice,hemadeapointofcomingtothisyearlyevent."We’vegotsomeamazingpeoplethroughoutourcommunity,"hesaid."Thisiswhatourbusinessrunson,peoplewillingtogiveandhelptheircommunity."1．WhydidTarrynHenkelmanwantaminibike?A.Tolearntorideit. B.Tosurpriseherneighbors.C.Toshowitoffbeforeherfamily. D.Tobikearoundhercommunity.2．WhatwasaholidaysurpriseforTarrynHenkelman?A.Adonorgavemoneytoher. B.Astrangertreatedhertoapresent.C.Thestoredonatedatoytoher. D.Herparentsboughtaminibikeforher.3．WhichwordscandescribetheFortCollinsman?A.Considerateandsmart. B.Helpfulandoptimistic.C.Generousandkind-hearted. D.Sympatheticandeasy-going.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲解并描述了一位匿名的捐赠者把Goodwill商店玩具区里的全部物品购买下来，然后作为礼物赠送给孩子们的故事，呈现了捐赠者慷慨和善的高尚品质，弘扬了社会正能量。1．D【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据第一段中的最终一句"Heroldminibikerecentlybroke,andshewantedtomovearoundherneighborhoodontwowheelsonceagain"可知，她原来的车坏了，所以她想得到一辆新车，然后再围着她居住的社区骑行。故选D。2．B【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据其次段中的最终一句"‘Allkidstoday,alldaylong,youcangetonefreetoy,orfreekids’book,’hesaid,announcingaspecialtreatmadepossiblebyananonymous(匿名的)donor"及最终一段中的"askedtobuyupthetoysection"可知，一位匿名的捐赠者买下了Goodwill商店玩具区里的全部物品，并将其中的玩具和儿童读物免费赠送给来到店里的孩子们，故TarrynHenkelman的节日惊喜是得到了捐赠者送的礼物，故选B。3．C【解析】考查推理推断。依据第三段中的"oneFortCollinsmancutacheckcoveringthecostofeverytoyinthestore...forfree"可知，这个匿名的捐赠者开出了支票来购买Goodwill商店玩具区里的全部物品，以让每一个来到商店的孩子都能够免费得到一个礼物，故可推知这个匿名的捐赠者是慷慨的、和善的。【考点精准说】4---→写作意图推想题 常见的设问方式： Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________. 写作意图推断题要求考生依据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不干脆表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所供应的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的实力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。【真题对点析】4（2024·北京卷·D）Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial C.Significant D.Unnoticeable44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchangesC.PhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimateD.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A.ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesB.ToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainC.ToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一项最新探讨表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五彩缤纷的图案。但是浮游植物很简洁受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会变更海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。42.B【解析】段落大意题。第一段“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的探讨表明，由于气候变暖，假如不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合其次段“Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五彩缤纷的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变更的缘由。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。43.A【解析】词义揣测题。依据划线词后的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.”可知，气候变暖会变更海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可推断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swamningtrend”可知，浮游植物很简洁受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A项正确。44.D【解析】推理推断题。依据第四段“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预料，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D项符合题意。45.C【解析】目的意图题。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的探讨表明，由于气候变暖，假如不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,…”可知，“浮游植物很简洁受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖变更了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要说明气候变更对海洋的影响。故选C。【对点模拟练】4JameyTurneroftenperformstolargecrowdsinOldTownAlexandria,Virginia.Youcanfindhimplayinganunusualmusicalinstrument,theglassharp(竖琴),nearAlexandria’shistoricwaterfront.Aglassharpismadeupofdifferent-sizeddrinkingglasses,eachcontainingwater.Turnermakesmusicbyrunninghisfingersoverthetopsoftheglasses.Bydoingso,eachglassmakesadifferentmusicalsound.Turneris78yearsoldnow.Hebecameinterestedinplayingtheglassharpattheageofsix,whenheheardhisfatherplayingwithaglassofwateratthedinnertable.Hehasbeenplayingitfor50years.TodayTurnerputstogetherhisinstrumentbyplacing60differentglassesonawoodensoundboard.Heholdstheglassesinplacewithrubberbands,whichkeepsthemfrombreaking.Hethenaddsdifferentamountsofwatertoeachonetocreatedifferentmusicalnotes.Addingortakingawayjustalittlewaterwillchangethesound.Addingwatertoaglasswillmakealowersound.Thesmallerbowlsofwaterproduceahighersound,whilethelargeronesproducealower,deepersound.Turneralwaysuseslow-pricedglassbecauseitsoundsbetterthancostlycrystal(水晶)andhehasmorecontroloverthesound.Beforebuyingnewglasses,hewilltesttheminstores.Theglassharpwaspopular300yearsagowhencomposerslikeWolfgangMozartwrotemusicfortheinstrument.Therehavebeenabout400piecesofmusicwrittenjustfortheglassharp.ButTurnerplaysallkindsofmusic,evenpopularmusicfromChina.Fewpeopleplaytheglassharpthesedays,butTurnersaysheseesvideosofpeopleexperimentingwiththeinstrumentontheInternet.Hehopesthenextgenerationwillcontinuemakingtheirmusic.1．WhatdoweknowaboutTurner?A.Hebeganplayingtheglassharpatsix.B.Heoftenteachesglassharplessonsonline.C.HeisagreatmasteroftheChineselanguage.D.Hewasinspiredbyhisfathertolearntheglassharp.2．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheglassharp?A.ItsinventorisWolfgangMozart.B.Itismadeupofglassesofthesamesize.C.Itappearstobegaininginpopularitytoday.D.Itssoundsareaffectedbytheamountofwaterintheglasses.3．WhydoesTurnerprefertousecheapglass?A.Tosavemoney. B.Toproducebettersounds.C.Tohelprecycledrinkingglasses. D.Toincreasedifficultyinperforming.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AMusicianPleasesCrowdsbyPlayingGlassesB.PlayingtheGlassHarp:aNewTrendC.JameyTurner’sDreamComingTrueD.WonderfulMusicHasNoBorders【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，杰米·特纳常常在弗吉尼亚州亚历山大人群密集的地方演奏玻璃竖琴音乐:敲击不同大小的盛水的玻璃杯,发出好听的乐声。他不仅能演奏玻璃竖琴特地乐曲,还能用它演奏中国流行音乐。1．D【解析】考查细微环节理解。依据第三段其次句"Hebecameinterestedinplayingtheglassharpattheageofsix,whenheheardhisfatherplayingwithaglassofwateratthedinnertable"可知,