专题19现在完成时-2023年中考英语核心语法逐个突破（原卷版）

现在完成时考点热度★★★★★内容索引内容索引命题趋势对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。知识导图现在完成时知识链接（一）现在完成时基本结构（二）过去分词变化规则（三）现在完成时用法（四）现在完成时连用的时间状语（五）现在完成时与一般过去时区别考点突破考点1：瞬间动词变延续性动词考点2：have/hasbeen(in),have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto辨析考点3：for和since句的现在完成时考点4：it引导的现在完成时从句小试牛刀2022年各地模拟20题直击中考2022年各地中考20题知识导图知识导图知识知识链接知识点01现在完成时基本结构【语法详解】主语+have/has+动词的过去分词①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（Ved）+其他）【即学即练】—Inthepastfewyears,China’sspaceprogram__________alot.—That’strue.Itsuccessfullysenttwelvemoreastronautstothespacestation.A．achieves B．achieved C．hasachieved D．isachieving知识点02过去分词变化规则【语法详解】1.规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂ed＂。work→worked→workedvisit→visited→visited（2）以＂e＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂d＂。live→lived→lived（3）以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的动词，将＂y＂变为＂i＂，再加＂ed＂。study→studied→studiedcry→cried→cried（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂ed＂。stop→stopped→stoppeddrop→dropped→dropped2.不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。cut→cut→cutit→hit→hit【即学即练】HistwindaughtersbegantolearnGermantenyearsago.（保持句意基本不变）Histwindaughters____________Germanfortenyears.知识点03现在完成时用法【语法详解】1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。Ihavealreadypostedthephoto.我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for+时间段译为：……时间②since+过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)③since+时间段+ago④since+从句(过去时)⑤Itis+时间段+since+从句(过去时)【即学即练】Thespeedoftrains________alot,soittakesuslesstimetogotootherplaces.A．isincreasing B．increased C．willincrease D．hasincreased知识点04现在完成时连用的时间状语【语法详解】现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。1.与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如：Wehavelivedinthiscityformorethan40years.我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。Wehavelivedinthiscitysince1958.我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay,live,teach,learn,work,sleep,read,wait,keep等具有延续意义的动词。2.与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already,never,ever,just等。如：I’vejustfoundthislibrarybook.我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。3.与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately,recently,inthepastfewyears,thesefewyears,thesedays,uptonow,sofar等。如：Howhaveyoubeenrecently?你近来状况如何？Thefamouswriterhaswrittenanewbookinthepasttwoyears.那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。Haveyouseenherparentsthesedays?这些天你看见她的父母了吗？TheBrownshavevisitedalotofplacesinChinasofar.迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek,in2002,threedaysago等【即学即练】Thenewrestaurant_______twosurveysonitsfoodandservicesinceJune.A．isdoing B．willdo C．did D．hasdone知识点05现在完成时与一般过去时区别【语法详解】1.侧重点不同现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：Ihaveseenthefilm.我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）Isawthefilmthreedaysago.三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）MrGreenhasboughtanewputer.格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）MrGreenboughtanewputeryesterday.格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）2.时间状语不同现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，justnow，yesterday，lastweek等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：Shehaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.她两年前就住在这里了。Shelivedheretwoyearsago.两年前她住在这里。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.他入团已经三年了。Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。【即学即练】Millie________alotaboutseasaltculturesinceshecametoYancheng.A．learns B．learned C．willlearn D．haslearned考点突破考点突破考点01瞬间动词变延续性动词Iboughtthisdictionarylastyear.(保持句意不变)I________________thisdictionarysincelastyear.【作法】第一步对原文进行翻译：去年我买了这本字典。第二步根据空后面的sincelastyear可知，用现在完成时；bought买，是瞬间动词，和sincelastyear连用时，要变成相应的延续性动词have。现在完成时的构成：主语+have/has+动词过去分词，主语I是第一人称，助动词用have，have的过去分词是had。故填have；had。【结论】瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose...)与for或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：e/arrive/reach/getto→beingoout→beoutfinish→beoveropen→beopendie→bedeadbuy→haveFallill→beilleback→bebackPuton→beon/wearWorry→beworriedCatchacold→haveacold【典例秒杀】IboughttheiPadlastmonth.(改为同义句)I________theiPadforamonth.HebegantoplayintheNBAtwoyearsago.He________________________NBAplayerfortwoyears.Hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago.(改成现在完成时)Hisfatherhas____________________fortwoyears.Frankboughthisdictionarytwoyearsago.(改为同义句)Frank________________hisdictionaryfortwoyears.考点02have/hasbeen(in),have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto辨析Onlyasmallnumberofstudents_________aforeigncountryduringthelast10years.A．hasgoneto B．havebeento C．wentto D．goto【作法】第一步对原文进行翻译：在过去的10年里，只有一小部分学生去过国外。第二步考查时态。hasgoneto表示去了某地，还没有回来；havebeento表示去过某地，已经回来；wentto去，是一般过去时；goto去，是一般现在时。根据“duringthelast10years”可知，此处用现在完成时，主语“Onlyasmallnumberofstudents”是复数形式，谓语用复数形式，故选B。【结论】have/hasbeen(in),have/hasbeento,have/hasgonetohavebeen(in)表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与时间段状语连用例：IhavebeeninWeihaifor10years.havebeento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了，后可接次数，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever连用。例：MyfatherhasbeentoAmericatwice.havegoneto表示“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场。例：Where’sJim?HehasgonetoEngland.【典例秒杀】—Let’sspendthedayattheScienceMuseum.—Great.AlthoughI________thereacoupleoftimes,it’sstillworthvisitingagain.A．havegone B．willbe C．went D．havebeen—WhereisLily?—She________toherhometown.Shewillebackinaweek.A．goes B．hasgone C．hasbeen D．went—WhereisLucy?Ihaven’tseenherfordays.—She________Chengdu.Shewillbebacknextweek.A．hasbeento B．hasgoneto C．havegoneto—Whereareyourparents?

—They________Thailandforameeting.Theywillebackinthreedays.A．havegone B．havebeenin C．havegoneto D．havebeento考点03for和since句的现在完成时—Excuseme,whendidyouleaveyourbirthplace?—InAugust,2012.I________forabouttenyears.A．haveleft B．left C．havebeenaway D．wasaway【作法】第一步对原文进行翻译：——请问，你是什么时候离开出生地的？——2012年8月。我已经离开大约十年了。第二步考查时态与延续性动词。根据“forabouttenyears”可知用现在完成时，排除BD；与时间段连用要用延续性动词，排除A。故选C。【结论】1.for+时间段2.since+过去时间点/时间段+ago/从句(谓语动词用一般过去式)3.对for/since提问用howlong4.与for/since/howlong连用的动词一定为延续性动词【典例秒杀】—Whatgoodbooksdidyoureadrecently?—I________LearnEnglishTellChina’sStoriessincelastyear,andnowthethirdtime.A．read B．amreading C．haveread D．hadread—Hi,Tina.It’sbeenthreeweekssinceIlastsawyourcutepetdog.—Shehas________forhalfamonth,butIcanstillfeelherbymyside.A．beendying B．beendead C．diedGreatchanges________inChinasincethereformandopeningup40yearsago.A．tookoff B．takesplace C．weretakenplace D．havetakenplace—Howlonghastheforeigner________here?—Hehas________hereforseveralhours.A．arrived;e B．stayed;been C．been;got D．left;beenaway考点04it引导的现在完成时从句—Howdoyoulikethisplaceofinterest?—ItisthefirsttimeinmylifethatI________suchawonderfulscenery（风景）.A．saw B．hadseen C．haveseen D．see【作法】第一步对原文进行翻译：——你认为这个名胜古迹怎么样吗？——我有生以来第一次看到如此美妙的风景。第二步考查时态。根据“ItisthefirsttimeinmylifethatI...suchawonderfulscenery”可知此处是过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/hasdone。故选C。【结论】1)It’sthe1st/2nd/3rdtimethat+完成时eg.It’sthesecondtimethatIhavevisitedthisplace.2)It’s/thisis/thatis+最高级＋that+完成时eg.It’sthemostwonderfulmoviethey’veeverseen.3)it’s/ithasbeen…yearssince…=…yearshaspassedsince…eg.Itis/hasbeenfiveyearssinceheleftschool.=Fiveyearshaspassedsinceheleftschool.【典例秒杀】—It’sbeen10yearssincewecamehere.—Howtimeflies!We________inChinaforsolong.A．areworking B．haveworked C．workedIt________thefirsttimethat________NewYork,becausethereisaphotoofhiminfrontoftheEmpireStateBuildinghanginginhisroom.is;Byronhasbeenin B．isn’t;Byronhasgoneto C．is;Byronhasbeenfor D．isn’t;Byronhasbeento—Longtimenosee!—Oh!It________tenyearssincewemeteachotherlasttime.A．was B．were C．hasbeen D．havebeenItisthemostbeautifulparkIhave_____visited.A．ever B．yet C．never D．already小试牛刀小试牛刀1．（2022·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Ittakesagestofindyou.Whereareyou?—Whatashame!I________athomebecauseofbeingcloselyconnectedwiththeCovid19carrier.A．willbe B．havebeen C．stayed D．willstay2．（2022·江苏镇江·模拟预测）—You’relate.ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin_________fortwentyminutes.—Sorry,Ijustansweredacallfrommum.A．began B．wason C．hasbegun D．hasbeenon3．（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）—Daniel,whyareyoustillhere?Schoolisoverforhalfanhour.—BecauseI________mytaskyet.Istillneedonemorehour.A．won’tfinish B．didn’tfinishC．haven’tfinished D．wouldn’tfinish4．（2022·辽宁辽阳·一模）Mygrandparents________forover50yearsandtheyloveeachotherverymuch.A．havebeenmarried B．gotmarriedC．weremarried D．havemarried5．（2022·河北·育华中学一模）Tom__________morethan100stones.Let’sgoandhavealooknow.A．wascollecting B．hascollected C．iscollecting D．willcollect6．（2022·湖北·鄂州市鄂城区教学研究室模拟预测）—TheGrandpaYuanLongping_______foroneyear.—Year,peopleallovertheworldwillmisshimforever.A．died B．hasbeendead C．dies D．wasdying7．（2022·四川达州·模拟预测）—Mum,whereisDavid?—He________toseethesciencefictionfilmBacktotheFuture.A．isgoing B．goesinhalfanhour C．hasgone D．wasgoing8．（2022·山东·曹县教学研究室二模）—Iseveryonehere,Jonathan?—No,Sir.Millieisabsent.She________fortwodays.A．hasfallenill B．hasbeenill C．wasill9．（2022·湖北孝感·模拟预测）—Theputerlookssoold.Whendidyoubuyit?—Myfather________itfortenyears.A．hashad B．hasbought C．havehad D．havebought10．（2022·湖北武汉·三模）InthepastyearsthedevelopmentoftheOpticsValley（光谷）________Wuhanatopcity.A．makes B．made C．hasmade D．willmake11．（2022·湖北武汉·模拟预测）ThedevelopmentoftheOpticsValley(光谷)________Wuhanatopcityinthepastyears.A．makes B．willmake C．hadmade D．hasmade12．（2022·湖北恩施·三模）TikTok________increasinglyweleamongpeopleofallagessofar.A．hadbee B．became C．hasbee13．（2022·湖北·武汉一初慧泉中学模拟预测）—ThedevelopmentoftheITindustry________Shenzhenatopcityinthepastyears.—Nowondermoreandmoreyoungpeoplehuntjobsthere.A．made B．hasmade C．willmake D．makes14．（2022·湖北武汉·模拟预测）ThedevelopmentofHanyang__________Wuhanabeautifulcityinthepastyears.A．makes B．made C．hasmade D．willmake15．（2022·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）Hepromisedtobehereat2o’clock.However,he________yet.A．didn’tarrive B．isn’tarriving C．hasn’tarrived D．won’tarrive16．（2022·河北·馆陶县教师发展中心二模）Wehaven’tseeneachotherforsuchalongtime.You________alot.A．arechanging B．havechanged C．change D．changed17．（2022·河北·石家庄市第四十二中学模拟预测）Alice________morethan300beautifulleaves.Wecan’twaittoseethem.A．collect B．collected C．willcollect D．hascollected18．（2022·河北·模拟预测）Therobothelpsmecleanthefloorandit________agoodhelperinmylife.A．willbee B．isbeing C．hasbee D．wasbeing19．（2022·广西贵港·三模）—Bobhasn’tbeenbacktohishometown________heleft.Whereishenow?—Sorry.Idon’tknow.A．since B．until C．when D．because20．（2022·河北·新河县教师发展中心一模）Lookatthewhitecloudsandbluesky.Therain________.A．wasstopping B．willstop C．hasstopped D．stops直击中考直击中考21．（2022·四川·巴中市教育科学研究所中考真题）—It’sreportedthatanewhighspeedrailwaywillbefinishedinrecentyearsinourhometown,Bazhong.—Yes.Greatchanges________sinceIworkedhere.A．willtakeplace B．weretakenplace C．havetakenplace D．tookplace22．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）Thepublicplaces,suchasrestaurantsandcinemas,________sinceCOVID19sweptthecityagainlastmonth.A．havebeenclosed B．haveclosed C．closed23．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）—Where’sMr.Yang?—He________LongquanMountaininDanzhai.He_______therethreetimesbecauseheenjoysthelocalscenery.A．hasgoneto;hasbeen B．hasgoneto;hasgonetoC．hasbeento;hasgone D．hasbeento;hasbeento24．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）Sofar,redtourism(旅游业)________quicklyandit’sbeingmoreandmorepopular.A．developed B．willdevelop C．hasdeveloped25．（2022·海南·中考真题）We________eachothersincewemetinthelastsummercamp.A．won’tsee B．haven’tseen C．didn’tsee26．（2022·福建·中考真题）Since2021,ourschool________allkindsofafterschoolservicesforstudents.A．provides B．isproviding C．hasprovided27．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）—Yourwatchisreallyold.—Yes,I________itsinceIwassix.A．have B．willhave C．havehad D．amhaving28．（2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所中考真题）—Ihaven’tseenLiMingfordays.Why?—He________Beijing.Hewillebacknextmonth.A．hasbeento B．hasgoneto C．willgoto29．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Sincehewasalittleboy,he________inlovewithmusic.A．is B．was C．hasbeen D．hadbeen30．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Congratulations!You________bigprogressinthelastthreeyears.—Thankyou,Mr.Li.I’llneverforgetthegoodtimesinJuniorHigh.A．make B．made C．havemade D．willmake31．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）—MayIspeaktoWangLi?—Sorry,sheisnotathome.