备战2025年高考二轮复习 英语 阅读理解 考点分类练9　词句猜测题（3）（含解析）

考点分类练(九)词句猜测题(3)Passage1(2024山东德州一模)主题:英文句子词数:372难度:★★☆☆☆ThinkyouhaveagoodgraspofEnglish?Good.Readthesixsentencesbelow,then.Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.Sentence5:Themanwhohuntsducksoutonweekends.Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.Linguists(语言学家)callthese“gardenpathsentences”,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they’reallgrammaticallycorrect.Let’sseewhy.Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.BesidessoundinglikearejectedHemingwaytitle,thissentenceisindeedgrammaticallycorrectthankstosomewell-placedhomonyms—wordsthatsharethesamespellingsbuthavedifferentmeanings.Homonym1hereis“old”,usedasanoun,meaning“oldpeople”;homonym2is“man”,usedasaverb,meaning“toservein/on”.Withthatinmind,thesentencemeans“Theoldpeopleserveontheboat.”Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.Atfirstread,you’dthink“ismadeof”isthemainverbofthissentence.Butit’snot.Thesimplestformofthissentenceis“ThecottongrowsinMississippi”;confusingly,“clothingismadeof”isusedtotelluswhatcottonwe’retalkingabout.Thissentencewouldmakewaymoresenseifwritten“ThecottonthatclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi”,butEnglishallowsustoremovecertainconjunctionslike“that”,withitsmeaningmaintained.Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.Thefirsthalfofthissentenceiseasytocatch.Sowhendealingwiththeotherhalf,peopleusuallyfollowthestructureofthefirsthalf,andit’dbeunderstoodas“fruitsflylikebananas”.Thisisobviouslyunreasonable.Onlywhenpeoplerethinkcantheyrecognizethetruemeaningofthesentence.Therefore,suchsentencesmanagetomakepeopleignorethestructureofthesentenceitself,thusdepartingfromitsoriginalmeaning.Comeon!Takeawalkdownthegardenpathwiththerestofthesentences.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对特殊的英文句子的理解。1.What’sthecharacteristicof“gardenpathsentences”accordingtolinguists?A.Misleadingbuterror-free.B.Accurateandplain.C.Improperly-wordedandmeaningless.D.Ungrammaticalbutcomprehensible.答案A解析推理判断题。由文章第八段“Linguistscallthese‘gardenpathsentences’,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they’reallgrammaticallycorrect.Let’sseewhy.”可知,这些句子的特点是误导但没有错误。2.Whichwordisanexamplesimilartothehomonymof“man”insentence1?A.“grows”insentence2.B.“eat”insentence4.C.“hunts”insentence5.D.“houses”insentence6.答案D解析推理判断题。由文章第一个标题“Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.”下的“Homonym1hereis‘old’,usedasanoun,meaning‘oldpeople’;homonym2is‘man’,usedasaverb,meaning‘toservein/on’.”和第七段“Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.”可知,第6句中的“houses”可以是名词“房子”,本句中用作动词“给(某人)提供住处”与第1句中“man”都是具有名词词性,在句子中用作动词。3.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyinterprets“fruitflieslikeabanana”insentence3?A.“fruitflies”referstoasortofinsect.B.“flies”servesastheverbofthesentence.C.“flieslike”explainswhatfruitistalkedabout.D.“like”hasthesamemeaningasthe“like”beforeit.答案A解析词句猜测题。由文章第三个标题“Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.”下的内容可知,句子应该理解为“fruitflies”为句子主语,意为“果蝇”,指的是一种昆虫;谓语是“like”意为“喜欢”;宾语是“abanana”,意为“香蕉”。4.Whatcanbethetroublemakerinsentence4?A.Theill-placedverbs.B.Theremovalof“that”.C.Thegrammarmistakes.D.Thelackofnounbehind“collects”.答案B解析推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.”可知,people前省略了that,thatpeopleeat为定语从句,修饰先行词Fat,“Fat”此处作名词,意为“脂肪;肥肉”,所以“that”的省略导致句子不好理解。Passage2(2024贵州贵阳一模)主题:蜜蜂词数:303难度:★★★☆☆Beesaremorethanjusthoney-makers.Theyareessentialpollinators(传粉者)thathelpmaintainthebalanceofourecosystemsandthediversityofourcrops.BeesareamongthemostdiverseandplentifulinsectsonEarth,withover20,000speciesworldwide.TheybelongtotheorderHymenoptera(膜翅目昆虫),whichalsoincludeswasps,ants,andsawflies.Beeshaveevolvedtofeedonnectar(花蜜)andpollenfromflowers,andindoingso,theytransferpollenfromoneflowertoanother,enablingfertilization(受精)andreproduction.Thisprocess,calledpollination,isessentialforthesurvivalofmanyplants,especiallythosethatproducefruits,nuts,seeds,andvegetablesthatweeat.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),beesandotherpollinatorsaffect35%ofglobalagriculturalland,supportingtheproductionof87%oftheleadingfoodcropsworldwide.Pollinationalsoenhancesthequalityandquantityofthecrops,aswellastheirresistancetopestsanddiseases.Withoutbeesandotherpollinators,ourfoodsupplyandourbiodiversitywouldbeatrisk.Unfortunately,beesarefacingmanythreats,suchashabitatloss,pesticideuse,climatechange,diseases,andinvasivespecies.TheFAOestimatesthat16.5%ofvertebrate(脊椎动物)pollinatorsand40%ofinvertebratepollinators,suchasbees,arefacingextinction.Thiscouldhaveseriousconsequencesforourfoodsecurity,ourlivelihoods,andourenvironment.Therefore,itisimportanttoprotectthebeesandtheirhabitats,andtoraiseawarenessabouttheirroleandvalue.Onewaytoappreciateandsupportthebeesistolearnhowtoidentifythemandobservetheirbehavior.Youmightbesurprisedbythediversityandbeautyofthebeesthatvisityourbackyard,garden,orbalcony.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂不仅是蜂蜜制造者,更是至关重要的传粉者,对于维护生态系统平衡、丰富农作物多样性起着不可或缺的作用,同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及保护蜜蜂的紧迫性。5.Whyarepollinatorsimportant?A.Theyhelpthebeesfertilize.B.Theykeepthecropsdiverse.C.Theysupportthebeestomakehoney.D.Theyprotectinsectssuchaswasps.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段的“Beesaremorethanjusthoney-makers.Theyareessentialpollinatorsthathelpmaintainthebalanceofourecosystemsandthediversityofourcrops.”可知,传粉昆虫很重要是因为它们在维持生态系统平衡和农作物多样性方面至关重要。6.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpollinationworks.B.Howtheflowersattractbees.C.Howthebeesreproduce.D.Howtheplantsproducefruits.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,第二段主要介绍了蜜蜂通过取食花蜜和花粉进行传粉,从而帮助植物受精和繁殖的过程,即“传粉是如何运作的”。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inparagraph5probablyreferto?A.Climatechange.B.Pesticideuse.C.Pollinators’survivalcrisis.D.Bees’habitatloss.答案C解析词句猜测题。根据第五段的“TheFAOestimatesthat16.5%ofvertebratepollinatorsand40%ofinvertebratepollinators,suchasbees,arefacingextinction.”可知,蜜蜂和其他传粉者面临灭绝的危机,“这种危机”可能导致严重的后果,因此,“This”指代的是“传粉者生存危机”。8.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Aduty:ProtectBees’HabitatB.AMeans:ObserveBees’BehaviourC.Bees:MaintainersoftheEcosystemD.Bees:ConsumersattheTopoftheFoodChain答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段以及倒数第二段内容可知,文章主要围绕蜜蜂作为生态系统维护者的核心角色展开,论述了其传粉功能对农业生产、生物多样性和环境稳定性的重大意义,同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及其保护的紧迫性。所以“蜜蜂:生态系统维护者”适合作本文的标题。Passage3(2024四川成都二模)主题:保护个人隐私词数:303难度:★★★☆☆There’sanenormousamountofpersonalhealthinformationpeoplenowfeedortapintodigitalmonitors,healthapps,searchenginesandotheronlinetools.Ifthesameinformationwereprovidedinyourdoctor’soffice,yourprivacywouldbesafeguarded.Butthat’snothowthedigitizedhealthworldworks.Instead,wehaveanecosystemofabuseinwhichhealthtechnologycompaniesoperatelargelyoutsidethelawthatrequiresdoctorsandothermedicalpersonnel,hospitalsandinsurerstoprotectanindividual’shealthinformation.Thatmeanstechnologycompaniescan—anddo—digyourdigitaldataforcluesaboutyourhealthstatus,accessinginformationlikeprescriptionsyouhavepurchasedandotherhealthservicesyoumighthavesought,andpotentiallylinkthisinformationtoyourname,address,emailaddressandotherpersonallyidentifyinginformation.ThedatacanthenbeusedbyplatformsincludingMetaandGoogletohelpadvertiserstargetpromotionsorothercommunicationstoyou.It’sagapingholeinhealthprivacyprotectionsthatcomesfromtheprivacylaw,whichprotectsinteractionsbetweenpatients,medicalprofessionalsandinsurersbutdoesnot,inmostcases,protectpatienthealthdatathatisrecordedonnewtechnologies.Closingthepatientprivacygapcan-andshould-beapriorityforlawmakers.Theconsequencesofdigitalexposureforthoseseekingreproductiveserviceshavedrawnsignificantconcernandattention.Theseworriesarereasonable.Butreproductivecareisonlyoneareaofhealthserviceswhereprivatepatientinformationisdigitallydisclosed.Therefore,lawmakersmusttakeactiontoprotecttheprivacyofpeoplewhoarenowonlineforallmannersofpersonal,professionalandotherreasons.Untilthen,anarrowlytargetedapproachthatprotectshealthprivacymaybepoliticallyeasiertocomeintoeffect.Theexplosionofdigitalhealthtechnologyandthedramaticincreaseinitsuseinthepastfewyearsrequireitgreatly.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题展开论述,分析了当前健康技术公司在处理个人健康信息时存在的法律漏洞和滥用现象,并强调了立法者需要采取行动来保护个人隐私的重要性。9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepresentsituationofthedigitizedhealthworld?A.Personalhealthdataisusedforotherpurposes.B.Personalhealthinformationisdifficulttoidentify.C.Targetedpromotionsareusedtoimprovepeople’shealth.D.Medicalpersonnelprotectthepersonalhealthinformationwell.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段内容可知,现在我们的个人健康信息没有得到应有的保护,这些数据反而被包括Meta和谷歌在内的平台使用,以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信。10.Wh