英语通识阅读教程 文学篇 课件 Unit 3 Courage and Dignity

Unit3CourageandDignityTextA

TheOldManandtheSeaTextB

JaneEyreBeforeReading

AbouttheAuthorandHisWorksExploretheWriter’sIdeas

UnderstandingtheTextReadingBetweentheLinesExploretheWriter’sTechniquesIncreaseYourLanguageProficiencyFurtherExplorationTextABeforeReadingWriter’sIdeasWriter’sTechniquesLanguageProficiency

FurtherExploration

1.AbouttheAuthorandHisWorksBiographyLiteraryStyles2.AboutTheOldManandtheSeaBasicInformationInterestingFactsBiographyErnestHemingway(1899-1961)anAmericannovelist,short-storywriter,andjournalist,isregardedasoneofthemostfamouswritersofthe20thcentury.Hisdistinctivewritingstyleischaracterizedbyeconomyandunderstatement.Ithasasignificantinfluenceonthedevelopmentofthe20th-centuryfictionwriting.Hisprotagonistsaretypicallystoicmenwhoexhibitanidealdescribedas"graceunderpressure."ManyofhisworksarenowconsideredcanonicalinAmericanliterature.HewasawardedthePulitzerPrizein1953forTheOldManandtheSea,andtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1954.1.AbouttheAuthoreconomyn.节省，简练understatementn.以退为进的陈述；淡化，轻描淡写BiographyInterestingFacts:Hemingwaywasdressedasagirlbyhismotherasachild.Becausehismotherwantedtwindaughters,Hemingwaywasoftendressedashissister's"twinsister".Inaway,hismothershapedHemingway'scharacterandmadehiscreationsmorepersonal.Hemingway'scharacterswerevery"masculine".Inhisworks,alwaysmaximizethestrengthandbraveryofmen.HewasoncedressedasagirlbutwontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturewithhistoughguyimage.因为母亲想要一对双胞胎女儿，小时候的海明威常被打扮成姐姐的“双胞胎妹妹”。某种程度上来说，母亲塑造了海明威的性格，让他的创造更具有个人特色。幼时的经历让海明威笔下的人物，都非常“男性化”。在他的作品中，总是最大程度地体现男人的力量和勇敢。童年被母亲扮成女孩，却用硬汉形象拿下诺贝尔文学奖。1.AbouttheAuthorBiographyInterestingFacts:Hemingwaywasdressedasagirlbyhismotherasachild.1.AbouttheAuthorBiographyInterestingFacts:Hefoughtintwoworldwars.ErnestHemingwaywasservingasanambulancedriverinItalyduringWWIandhewaswoundedin1918bymortarfire.Despitethis,hehelpedgetsomefellowsoldierstosafety.ForthisiswasawardedtheSilverMedal.Then,later,duringWWII,hetookpartintheD-Dayinvasionwhilecoveringthewarasajournalist.TheUSawardedhimtheBronzeStarforthecouragehedisplayed.海明威在第一次世界大战期间在意大利担任救护车司机，并于1918年被迫击炮击伤。尽管如此，他还是救助了一些战友。为此被授予银牌。然后，后来，在二战期间，他以记者的身份报道了战争，参加了诺曼底登陆。美国授予他铜星勋章，以表彰他表现出的勇气。1.AbouttheAuthorBiographyInterestingFacts:Hefoughtintwoworldwars.1.AbouttheAuthorPapaHemingwayinCuba:ThismovieisbasedonthetruestoryofEd,ajournalistwhotraveledtoCubain1959tomeethisidol,ErnestHemingway.Hemingwaylivesinseclusion(隐居)onapropertytherewithhiswifeMary.EdmeetsHemingwayandbecomesfriendswithhim,fishing,drinkingandtalking.AlthoughitwasduringtheCubanRevolutionaryWar,Edlearnedalotofphilosophiesfromtheseyearsofhislifeandrealizedthatallheroesarejustordinarypeople.与海明威为邻BiographyInterestingFacts:Hewasanavid(热衷的)hunterandfisherman.Hemingwaykilledhisfirstanimal,aporcupine,withtheencouragementofhisfather,whenhewasthreeyearsold.Laterinlife,asanexpertfisherman,in1938hesetaworldrecordbycatchingsevenmarlinsinoneday.HuntingisoneofthemanypersonalpasttimesthatmadeitswayintoHemingway’snovels.海明威三岁时在父亲的鼓励下杀死了他的第一只动物——豪猪。作为一名专业的渔民，他晚年在1938年创造了一项世界纪录，在一天内捕获了七条马林鱼。狩猎是海明威小说中出现的众多个人过去时光之一。1.AbouttheAuthorBiographyInterestingFacts:Hemingwayoncesurvivedtwoplanecrashesintwodays.In1954,HemingwayandhiswifeMaryWelshwereintheBelgianCongowhentheirfirstplaneforsightseeing,crashed.Shortlyafterward,theygotonanotherplanethatwassupposedtotakethemtoreceivemedicalattention.Itexplodedsoonaftertakingoff.AlthoughHemingwaysurvivedthesecrashesandevengottoreadhisobituary,hewasleftwithnumerousinjuriesthatwouldhaunthimfortherestofhislife.1954年，海明威和他的妻子玛丽·威尔士在比利时刚果时，他们包租的第一架飞机坠毁了。不久之后，他们登上了另一架本应带他们去接受治疗的飞机。它在起飞后不久就爆炸了。尽管海明威在这些灾祸中幸存下来，甚至阅读了他的讣告，但他留下了无数的伤痕，这些伤将困扰他的余生。1.AbouttheAuthorBiographyInterestingFacts:Hemingwaywrotestandingup.ErnestHemingwaywasknowntowritewhilestanding.Heisdescribedasstandingforhoursatatime.Onagoodday,hecouldgothroughseveralpencils.众所周知，欧内斯特·海明威喜欢站着写作。他往往一次站立数小时。天气好的时候，他可以用掉几支铅笔。1.AbouttheAuthorBiographyInterestingFacts:Laterinlife,Hemingwaysufferedfromdepression.ThroughouthislifeHemingwaysufferedinjuriesinanumberofaccidents.Hesufferedfrommalaria,skincancerandnumerousotherdiseases.Healsosufferedatleastsixseriousconcussions.Beforehisdeathhewasunabletowrite,feelingasifhe’dlosthislife.Hewastreatedwithelectroshocktherapywhichfurtherimpairedhiswritingabilityandworsenedhisdepression.Atlast,heshothimself.海明威一生在许多事故中受伤。他还患有疟疾、皮肤癌和许多其他长期和短期疾病。海明威还遭受了至少六次非常严重的脑震荡。在他去世之前，他无法写作，感觉自己好像失去了生活的目标。他接受了电击疗法的治疗，这进一步损害了他的写作能力并恶化了他的抑郁症。最终他因抑郁自杀而亡。1.AbouttheAuthorBiographyInterestingFacts:ErnestHemingwaywasmarriedfourtimes.Throughouthislife,Hemingwaymarriedandgotdivorcedfrequently.Eachtimehedivorcedhewasremarriedwithinayear.Hemingwaydedicatedabooktoeachofhisfourwives:TheSunAlsoRisestofirstwifeElizabethHadleyRichardson,DeathintheAfternoontosecondwifePaulinePfeiffer,ForWhomtheBellTollstothirdwifeMarthaGellhornandAcrosstheRiverandIntotheTreestohisfinalwife,MaryWelsh.海明威一生中有多段婚姻。每次离婚，他都会在一年内再婚。海明威为他的四位妻子每人献了一本书：《太阳照常升起》献给第一任妻子伊丽莎白·哈德利·理查森，《午后之死》献给第二任妻子宝琳·菲佛，《丧钟为谁而鸣》献给第三任妻子玛莎·盖尔霍恩，《过河入林》献给他的最后一任妻子玛丽·威尔士。1.AbouttheAuthorBiographyInterestingFacts:Hemingway'sgranddaughtersandgreat-granddaughterallenteredshowbusiness.1.AbouttheAuthorMargauxHemingway玛葛·海明威MarielHemingway玛瑞儿·海明威ErnestHemingway欧内斯特·海明威DreeHemingway德莉·海明威DreeHemingway德莉·海明威granddaughtersgreat-granddaughter

MiniBIOBiography1.AbouttheAuthorNovels:TheSunAlsoRises《太阳照常升起》AFarewelltoArms《永别了，武器》ForWhomtheBellTolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》Novella:TheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》ShortStoriesCollections:TheSnowsofKilimanjaro《乞力马扎罗的雪》LiteraryStylesInordertobeasobjectiveandhonestaspossible,Hemingwayhituponthedeviceofdescribingaseriesofactionsbyusingshort,simplesentencesfromwhichallcommentoremotionalrhetorichasbeeneliminated.Thesesentencesarecomposedlargelyofnounsandverbs,havefewadjectivesandadverbs,andrelyonrepetitionandrhythmformuchoftheireffect.Theconciseandconcentratedproseisconcreteandunemotionalyetisoftencapableofconveyinggreatironythroughunderstatement.Hemingway’suseofdialoguewassimilarlyfresh,simple,andnatural-sounding.为了尽可能做到客观和诚实，海明威采用了使用简短、简单的句子来描述一系列行为的手段，从中消除了所有评论或情绪化的修辞。这些句子主要由名词和动词组成，几乎没有形容词和副词，并且大部分效果都依赖于重复和节奏。由此产生的简洁、集中的散文是具体而不带感情色彩的，但往往能通过轻描淡写传达巨大的讽刺意味。1.AbouttheAuthorLiteraryStyles1.AbouttheAuthorTheIcebergTheory冰山理论“Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughofwhatheiswritingabout,hemayomitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.”——HemingwayThisiswhyHemingwayinventedtheIcebergTheory,soheleftoutthingsfromhisstories,lettingthereaderfindsomethingsontheirown,therebyforcing(inagoodway)thereaderstobemoreengagedandimmersedinthestory.Writer’sIdeasWriter’sTechniquesLanguageProficiency

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BeforeReading1.UnderstandingtheTextSettingCharactersPointofViewPlotTheme2.ReadingBetweentheLinesTextualAnalysisKeySentencesPre-Reading1.UnderstandingtheTextInterestingFacts:Hemingwaybasedtheoldmanonablue-eyedmarinernamedGregorioFuentes.ItisbelievedHemingwaymostlikelyusedaspectsofhisfishingbuddywhendevelopingthecharacter.LikeSantiago,Fuenteswasgauntandthin,hadblueeyes,andhadalong,battle-scarredhistoryasafisherman.FuenteswasthecaptainofHemingway’sboatandthetwofrequentlytalkedaboutthenovel.Pre-Reading1.UnderstandingtheTextInterestingFacts:HemingwaybelievedTheOldManandtheSeawashisfinestwork.TheOldManandtheSeamadeErnestHemingwayacelebrity.EvenErnestHemingway’sliteraryrival,WilliamFaulkner,likedTheOldManandtheSea.Astop-motionfilmofTheOldManandtheSeawonanOscar.Pre-Reading1.UnderstandingtheTextA.Prideisapositivecharactertrait.StronglyAgreeAgreeDisagreeStronglyDisagreeCompletethefollowinganticipationguidebychoosingyourlevelofagreementforeachstatement.Discusswithyourpartneraboutthereasonsforyouropinion.B.

Peoplemustmaintaintheirdignityatalltimes.StronglyAgreeAgreeDisagreeStronglyDisagreeSetting(背景)“TheOldManandtheSea”《老人与海》1.UnderstandingtheTextPleasewatchthevideocarefullyandthenanswersomebasicquestionsaboutthisnovelbasedonthevideo.Setting(背景)1.UnderstandingtheText1.Whatistheoldmanisfightingagainst?A.Afish.B.Adolphin.C.Thewaves.D.Thesun.3.Amancanbedestroyed,butnot__.A.destroyed.B.manipulated.C.wasted.D.defeated.2.Whatisthisoldman'sname?A.PedricoB.SantiagoC.ManolinD.MartinChoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Setting(背景)1.UnderstandingtheTextInthestory,whilehangingontothelineconstantlypulledbythemarlinfish,theoldman'shandsgotcutandveryhurt.

ThestorytookplaceinAmerica.

Inthestory,Santiagofinallykillsthemarlinbyharpoon(用鱼叉捕获)throughtheheart.TTFCubaDecideifthefollowingsentencesareTrue(T)orFalse(F).Characters(角色)1.UnderstandingtheTextSantiago:Heistheheroofthisshortnovel.Heisanoldfishermanofabout80years.Hehasnowifeorchildren.HehasalongfightingwiththegiantMarlin.Heisthemostunluckyfisherman,butthebestforManolin.Marlin:Thelarge-sizeseafishwithextremepower.It’sconsideredtheherowithSantiago.Ittookhimlongtimetocatch.Manolin:Theyoungboyisabout14yearsold.HeislikeasontoSantiago.HeadmiresSantiagoforhehaslearntfromhimeverythingabouttheartoffishing.HejoinedothershipsafterthemisfortuneofSantiago.Plot(情节)1.UnderstandingtheTextWhathappenedinthestory?ThecentralcharacterisanoldCubanfishermannamedSantiago,whohasnotcaughtafishfor84days.Thefamilyofhisapprentice,Manolin,hasforcedtheboytoleavetheoldfisherman,thoughManolincontinuestosupporthimwithfoodandbait.Santiagoisamentortotheboy,whocherishestheoldmanandthelifelessonsheimparts.主角是一位名叫圣地亚哥的古巴老渔夫，他已经84天没有捕到鱼了。他的学徒马诺林的家人强迫这个男孩离开老渔夫，尽管马诺林继续用食物和诱饵支持他。圣地亚哥是这个男孩的导师，他珍惜老人和他传授的人生课程。Plot(情节)1.UnderstandingtheTextWhathappenedinthestory?Convincedthathisluckmustchange,SantiagotakeshisskifffaroutintothedeepwatersoftheGulfStream,wherehesoonhooksagiantmarlin.Withallhisgreatexperienceandstrength,hestruggleswiththefishforthreedays,admiringitsstrength,dignity,andfaithfulnesstoitsidentity;itsdestinyisastrueasSantiago’sasafisherman.Hefinallyreelsthemarlininandlashesittohisboat.圣地亚哥深信自己的运气必须改变，于是他驾驶小艇深入墨西哥湾流的深水区，在那里他很快就钓到了一条巨大的马林鱼。凭借他丰富的经验和力量，他与鱼搏斗了三天，钦佩它的力量、尊严和对自己身份的忠诚；它的命运就像圣地亚哥作为渔夫的命运一样真实。最后，他把马林鱼卷了进去，把它绑在船上。Plot(情节)1.UnderstandingtheTextWhathappenedinthestory?However,Santiago’sexhaustingeffortgoesfornaught.Sharksaredrawntothetetheredmarlin,and,althoughSantiagomanagestokillafew,thesharkseatthefish,leavingbehindonlyitsskeleton.Afterreturningtotheharbor,thediscouragedSantiagogoestohishometosleep.Inthemeantime,othersseetheskeletontiedtohisboatandareamazed.AconcernedManolinisrelievedtofindSantiagoalive,andthetwoagreetogofishingtogether.然而，圣地亚哥的疲惫努力是徒劳的。鲨鱼被拴住的马林鱼吸引，尽管圣地亚哥设法杀死了几条，但鲨鱼吃掉了鱼，只留下了它的骨架。回到港口后，灰心丧气的圣地亚哥回家睡觉。与此同时，其他人看到绑在他的船上的骷髅，感到惊讶。忧心忡忡的马诺林发现圣地亚哥还活着，松了一口气，两人同意一起去钓鱼。Plot(情节)1.UnderstandingtheTextSantiago'sStrugglesSantiago'sAchievementsBasedontheplot,pleasecompareSantiago'sStrugglesandSantiago'sAchievementsbylistingsharedtraitsintheoverlapanduniquetraitsinseparatecirclesonthefollowingdiagram.Plot(情节)1.UnderstandingtheTextSantiago'sStrugglesSantiago'sAchievementsBattlewiththemarlin.Sharksattacking.Returningwiththemast.Catchingthemarlin.Perseverance.&Bothinvolvethesea.Physicalexhaustion.Santiago’srelationshipwiththeseamirrorslife’sstruggles.Heisdependentontheseaforhissustenance(生计),yethemustbattleitforhissurvival.Itistheseathathereliesonandfightswith.Theseaisalsothedestinationofhislife.WhataresomepossiblethemesofTheOldManandtheSea?Pleaseidentifythethemesyouuncoveredafterreading.ThemePossibleanswers:1.Storyofamanwhoundergoesthemostdifficultstruggleofhislife.2.Transformslossintotriumph,andtriumphovercrushingadversityisattheheartofheroism.1.UnderstandingtheTextWhataresomepossiblethemesofTheOldManandtheSea?Pleaseidentifythethemesyouuncoveredafterreading.Theme3.Ittellstheessenceofhumanresilience(毅力)andperseveranceinthefaceofadversity,whicharecrucialforindividuals,communities,andhumansocietyatlarge.1.UnderstandingtheTextThemeHumanresilienceandperseverance：Firstly,humanresiliencehasprofoundimplicationsforindividuals.Itremindsusthatnomatterhowdifficultourcircumstancesmaybe,wealwayshavethepowertopersevereandemergestronger.Inthefaceofadversity,wemustuseourinnerstrengthandresilience,findingthecourageanddeterminationtopushthroughthetoughestchallenges.Thisdoesnotmeanthatwewillalwayssucceedinachievingourgoals,butwewillneverbetrulydefeatedifwemaintainourspiritandwilltofight.人类的韧性对个人有着深远的影响。它提醒我们，无论我们所处的环境多么艰难，我们总有力量坚持下去，变得更加强大。面对逆境，我们必须利用自己的内在力量和韧性，鼓起勇气和决心，克服最严峻的挑战。这并不意味着我们总能成功实现目标，但只要我们保持精神和斗志，就永远不会被真正打败。1.UnderstandingtheTextThemeHumanresilienceandperseverance：Secondly,resilienceandperseveranceholdssignificanceforcommunitiesandsociety.Individualscaninspireandmotivateotherstodothesame.Thiscreatesacultureofresilienceandperseverancethatcantransformentirecommunitiesandsocieties.Intimesofcrisisanddifficulty,communitiesthatembracethisresiliencearemorelikelytoovercomeadversityandemergestrongerandmoreunited.其次，韧性和毅力对集体和整个社会都具有重要意义。个体的出现能够鼓舞和激励其他人也这样做。这就形成了一种能够改变整个集体和社会的韧性和毅力文化。在危机和困难时期，拥有这种韧性的集体更有可能战胜逆境，变得更加强大和团结。1.UnderstandingtheText2.ReadingBetweentheLinesTextualAnalysisReadingactivity1.Howlongdidittakethesharkstoarriveandattackthemarlin?Ittookonehourforthefirstsharktoarriveandattackthemarlin.Pleasereadthe

wholeselectedpartquicklyandanswerthefollowingquestions:2.Whydidthesharksfollowtheoldman’straces?Thesharksfollowedtheoldmanbecausetheywereattractedtothebloodofthegiantmarlinthathehadhooked.2.ReadingBetweentheLinesTextualAnalysisReadingactivity3.Whatwastheoldman’sphysicalcondition?Theoldmanwasweakandhehadfewthingstoeat.Inaddition,therewassomepaininhisbody.Pleasereadthe

wholeselectedpartquicklyandanswerthefollowingquestions:2.ReadingBetweentheLinesTextualAnalysisReadingactivity4.Whatistheoldman’sattitudetowardthemarlin?Theoldmanshowsdeeprespectandsympathytowardthemarlinhehashooked.Headmiresthemarlin’sbeautyandstrength,andseesitasaworthyadversary(对手),evenreferringtoitashis“brother”atsomepoint.PleasereadParas16-24,andanswerthefollowingquestion:5.Whatistheoldman’sattitudetowardtheshark?Incontrast,heperceivesthesharksthatattackhiscaughtmarlinasmindlesskillersandfightsagainstthemtoprotect.PleasereadParas51-54,andanswerthefollowingquestion:2.ReadingBetweentheLinesTextualAnalysisReadingactivityPleasereadPara54,andanswerthefollowingquestions:7.“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated,”saystheoldmanafterthefirstsharkattack.Howdoyouinterpretthissentence?Nomatterhowroughandbitterlifeis,weshouldfaceitbravely.Thoughwemaybebeatenbylife,weshouldneverlosehopeandheart.6.Whatdoesthelastparagraphshows?A.Hopeforfuture.B.Seizethetime.C.Graceunderpressure.D.Cherishyourlife.

2.ReadingBetweentheLinesKeySentencesPara4Itwashigherthanabigscythebladeandaverypalelavenderabovethedarkbluewater.Itrakedbackandasthefishswamjustbelowthesurfacetheoldmancouldseehishugebulkandthepurplestripesthatbandedhim.Hisdorsalfinwasdownandhishugepectoralswerespreadwide.

Vocabularyscythen.长柄大镰刀lavendern.淡紫色rakev.滑过bulkn.体积dorsaladj.背部的pectoralsn.胸肌

Sentence:Translation:它的尾巴比一个大縑刀还高耸，在那深蓝色的水中，呈现淡淡的紫色。然后它又往后倒了下去，鱼就在水面上游着，老人可以看见它庞大的身躯和裹在它的身上的紫色条纹。它的背鳍下垂，庞大的胸鳍向外展开着。2.ReadingBetweentheLinesKeySentencesPara17Youarekillingme,fish,theoldmanthought.Butyouhavearightto.NeverhaveIseenagreater,ormorebeautiful,oracalmerormorenoblethingthanyou,brother.Comeonandkillme.Idonotcarewhokillswho.

ExpressionNeverhaveI...

我从来没有过…

Sentence:Translation:你简直整死我了，鱼啊，老人想，不过你是有这个权力。我从来没有见过比你更雄壮、更漂亮、或更镇静、更高贵的事物了，兄弟，来吧!来杀我好了。我不在乎谁杀谁。2.ReadingBetweentheLinesKeySentencesPara25Hetookallhispainandwhatwasleftofhisstrengthandhislonggoneprideandheputitagainstthefish'sagonyandthefishcameoverontohissideandswamgentlyonhisside,hisbillalmosttouchingtheplankingoftheskiffandstartedtopasstheboat,long,deep,wide,silverandbarredwithpurpleandinterminableinthewater.

Expressionagonyn.剧痛，创痛plankingn.铺板；板材skiffn.（尤指单人的）小划艇；小帆船interminableadj.无休止的；没完没了的

Sentence:Translation:他忍住所有痛苦，使尽仅存的力量和长久来已消磨殆尽的骄傲，来和这条鱼的痛苦相互抗衡，终于被他拉近船边，慢慢游向他身边，鱼的尖嘴几乎碰到船板。它开始靠着船边游，它的身影长长的、又深又宽，银色的身躯外裹着紫色的条纹，无止尽地在水中游动。2.ReadingBetweentheLinesKeySentencesPara26Theoldmandroppedthelineandputhisfootonitandliftedtheharpoonashighashecouldanddroveitdownwithallhisstrength,andmorestrengthhehadjustsummoned,intothefish'ssidejustbehindthegreatchestfinthatrosehighintheairtothealtitudeoftheman'schest.Hefelttheirongoinandheleanedonitanddroveitfurtherandthenpushedallhisweightafterit.

Expressionsummonv.使出（力气）altituden.海拔高度；高地leanon施加压力；倚靠

Sentence:Translation:老人把绳线放下来，用脚踩住，尽量举高鱼叉，然后使出所有力量。加上刚才力求振作所凝聚的奋起之力，刺向鱼的身侧，刚好刺在那巨大的胸鳍的后肪，胸鳍高高地耸立在空中，有老人胸部那么高。他知道鱼叉的铁头已经射进去了，然后他把全身重量压在上面，把鱼叉再里推去。2.ReadingBetweentheLinesKeySentencesPara54"Butmanisnotmadefordefeat,"hesaid."Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated."IamsorrythatIkilledthefishthough,hethought.NowthebadtimeiscomingandIdonotevenhavetheharpoon.Thedentusoiscruelandableandstrongandintelligent.

Vocabularydefeatv.击败，战胜harpoonn.（捕鲸的）鱼叉，鱼镖dentuson.（西班牙语）意为“牙齿锋利的”，这是当地对凶猛的灰鲸鲨的俗称

Sentence:Translation:可是人不能认输，人可以毁灭，但不能屈服。真不该宰掉这条大鱼的，现在难关就在眼前，我连鱼叉都没有。“牙利鬼”又狠，又能，又壮，又精。1.Symbolism2.IronyWriter’sIdeasWriter’sTechniquesLanguageProficiency

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BeforeReadingSymbolism（象征）WhichofthefollowingisNOTasymbolofafish?A.Thepowerofnature.B.Yourgoalinlife.C.Deathandloss.D.Humanambitionanddream.Symbolism:theuseofsymbolsinaliterarywork.Symbol:representssomethingbeyondliteralmeaning.Irony（讽刺）WhatisironicabouttheresolutionofTheOldManandtheSea?A.Santiagocatchesandkillsthefish,butheisleftwithlittletonothingofthefish.B.Santiagocatchesandkillsthefish,buthelearnsnothingmeaningfulfromtheexperience.C.SantiagothinksfondlyofandmissesManolin,buttheboydoesn’t'tcareaboutSantiago.D.Santiagothinksthatthepeopleofhistownmissedhim,butnooneevenlookedforhim.Irony:Recognitionofarealitydifferentfromappearance.Writer’sIdeasWriter’sTechniquesLanguageProficiency

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BeforeReading1.WordsandExpressions2.VocabularyExercisesWordsandExpressionslavender/ˈlævəndər/n.淡紫色rake/reɪk/v.滑过bulk/bʌlk/[CET4]n.体积stripe/straɪp/[CET4]n.条纹，线条dorsal/ˈdɔːrsl/adj.背部的pectoral/ˈpektərəl/n.胸肌attach/əˈtætʃ/[CET4]v.系上，贴上；附上（附件）eel/iːl/n.鳗鱼placid/ˈplæsɪd/adj.平静的；温和的；沉着的rig/rɪɡ/[CET6]v.装配WordsandExpressionscoil/kɔɪl/[CET4]n.（绳索、金属线等的）圈，卷，盘straighten/ˈstreɪtn/[CET4]v.挺直身子，端正（身体）holdon紧握住；等待；坚持accomplish/əˈkɑːmplɪʃ/[CET4]v.完成，实现noble/ˈnoʊb(ə)l/[CET4]adj.高尚的；卓越的confused/kənˈfjuːzd/[CET4]adj.头脑不清的mushy/ˈmʌʃi/adj.湿软的skiff/skɪf/n.（尤指单人的）小划艇，小帆船interminable/ɪnˈtɜːrmɪnəb(ə)l/adj.无休止的；没完没了的summon/ˈsʌmən/[CET6]v.召唤；召集；振作WordsandExpressionsfaint/feɪnt/[CET4]adj.模糊的；虚弱的，头晕目眩的shaft/ʃæft/[CET6]n.（工具或武器的）杆，柄shoal/ʃoʊl/n.鱼群float/fləʊt/[CET4]v.（使）漂浮，（使）浮动noose/nuːs/n.绳套swamp/swɑːmp/[CET6]v.使不堪忍受；使疲于应付mast/mæst/n.桅杆fortune/ˈfɔːrtʃən/[CET4]n.好运，机遇；财富，巨款splice/splaɪs/n.捻接，绞接（两段绳子）wallow/ˈwɒləʊ/v.打滚；沉迷WordsandExpressionsperiscope/ˈperɪskoʊp/n.潜望镜bow/baʊ/[CET4]n.船上的帆桁pinch/pɪntʃ/[CET4]v.捏，拧，掐tiller/ˈtɪlər/n.（小船的）船柄crisp/krɪsp/[CET6]v.使变脆dentuso（西班牙语）意“牙齿锋利的”，这是当地对区猛的灰鲸鲨的俗称ram/ræm/v.塞进；挤进mutilate/ˈmjuːtɪleɪt/v.严重损坏；毁坏VocabularyExercises1.Thewoodwill_______ifyoudropitinthewater.2.Hewasanuprightand_______manwhowasalwayswillingtohelpothers.3.Ittookherafullmonthto_______thecouragetotellhermother.4.Asurveyshowedpeoplewere_______aboutwhattheyshouldeattostayhealthy.5.Thethreemen__________andstoodwaiting.Listedintheboxbelowaresomeofthewordsyouhavelearnedinthetext.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththem.Changetheformwherenecessary.float​summonstraightenedstripepinchedattachfaintconfusedmushyplacidrakenoblefloatwallowholdonfortunenobleconfusedstraightenedsummonVocabularyExercises6.Hemadehis_______incarsales.7.They_______greatimportancetotheproject.8.Hewasstrugglingto_______toarockonthefaceofthecliff.9.Thehotweathermadehimfeel_______.10.She_______hisarmashardasshecould.Listedintheboxbelowaresomeofthewordsyouhavelearnedinthetext.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththem.Changetheformwherenecessary.fortune​summonstraightenedstripepinchedattachfaintconfusedmushyplacidrakenoblefloatwallowholdonfortuneattachfaintpinchedholdonFriendshipwithF.ScottFitzgeraldTheGreatFriendshipIn

1925,HemingwaymetFitzgeraldjustashewaspublishingTheGreatGatsby.AtthistimeHemingwaywasnotfamous.ItwasFitzgeraldwhohelpedhimreviseandrecommendhiswork.Fitzgerald'sgreatinfluenceandguidanceinliteraturewasimportantincontributingtoHemingway'slatersuccess.Theymadeadeepfriendship.ErnestHemingway&F.ScottFitzgeraldTheGreatFriendshipAfterthepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises,Hemingwaydivorcedhisfirstwife,marriedhiswealthysecondwife,Pauline,andthecouplelivedinabeachhousegiventothembyhiswife'suncle.AtthisperiodHemingwaybecamearisingstarintheliteraryworld.ErnestHemingway&F.ScottFitzgeraldTheGreatFriendshipFitzgerald,ontheotherhand,hadtowritetomakeendsmeetbecauseofhislavishlifestyleandhiswife'sillness.Withthemonetaryfreedomaffordedhimbyhissecondwife'swealth,HemingwayhadreasontodespiseFitzgerald'smagazinecontributions,nottomentionthefactthathewasforcedtogotoHollywoodtowritescreenplays.HealsocriticizedFitzgerald'swifeforholdingbackherhusband'swritingfuture.ErnestHemingway&F.ScottFitzgeraldIn1920,FitzgeraldmarriedZelda,andtheybecameiconsoftheera'slavishlifestyle.TheGreatFriendshipIn1936,Fitzgeraldgotlungdiseaseandhestillneededtotakecareofhiswifeanddaughter,makingitalmostimpossibleforhimtowrite,andhewasonthevergeofanervousbreakdown,drinkingheavilyalldaylong.Inhislastdays,hewasdownandout,nooneaskedforhelp.Hemingway,ontheotherhand,becamesimilaryetthirtyyearslater.Hemingway‘sfinalyearswereplagued(困扰，折磨)bythesamethingshehadpreviouslyblamedFitzgeraldfor:alcohol,mentalillness,andaquietlyfadingself-worth.ThushefinallyunderstoodFitzgerald.ErnestHemingway&F.ScottFitzgeraldTheGreatGatsbyTheAmericanDreamTheAmericandreamistheideathatnomatteraperson’sbackground,everyonecanachievetheirgoalsthroughhardworkanddetermination.InTheGreatGatsby,Gatsby’sdreamistoonedaybewithDaisy.Duetohersocialclass,Gatsbyisforcedtomakeadrastic(极端的)decisionstoreachalevelofprosperitywherehecancaptureDaisy'saffections.TextBBeforeReading

AbouttheAuthorandHerWorkExploretheWriter’sIdeas

UnderstandingtheTextIncreaseYourLanguageProficiencyFurtherExplorationBiographyCharlotteBronte(1816-1855)anEnglishwriter,isnotedforhernovelJaneEyre(1847).SheisthesisterofAnneBronteandEmilyBronte.Thethreesistersarealmostasfamousfortheirshort,tragiclivesasfortheirnovels.Inthepastyears,CharlotteBronte'sreputationhasrisenrapidly,andfeministcriticismhasdonemuchtoshowthatshewasspeakingupforoppressedwomenofeveryage.1.AbouttheAuthorreputation[CET4]n.名誉，名声oppressed[CET6]adj.受压制的，受压迫的BiographyJaneEyrenovelbyCharlotteBrontë,firstpublishedin1847asJaneEyre:AnAutobiography,withCurrerBell(Brontë’spseudonym)listedastheeditor.Widelyconsideredaclassic,itgavenewtruthfulnesstotheVictoriannovelwithitsrealisticportrayaloftheinnerlifeofawoman,notingherstruggleswithhernaturaldesiresandsocialcondition.2.AbouttheWorkTextualAnalysisReadingactivity1.Whatwas