Unit5 Understanding ideas 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研册别单元：必修一

Unit5(Understandingideas)本单元词汇梳理1.charity：抽象名词具体化2.Atlantic：拓展Pacific,Oceania,Indian,Arctic3.annual：同义词：yearly；派生词：annually4.构词法：migrate—migration5.seek：基本义：寻找正式用语：对应①lookfor②askfor③trytoget词块：seekajob,seek(sb’s)help/advice,seektodosth

派生词：seeker(jobseekers)6.measure：meas-(测量)+-ure词块：takemeasurestodosth=takeactiontodosth7.position：基本义“位置”词块：applyforaposition,insb’sposition8.determine：de-(off,)+term(tomarktheendorboundary划界限)→明确；

词源同term,terminal

词块：determinetodosth词族：determine,determined,determination9.eventually：eventual(最终的)+-ly；同义词：finally10.solution：solve—solution用法：asolutiontosth，类似结构：wayto,keyto等11.amazing：词族：amaze,amazed,amazing(分词形容词),amazement12.crash：词源：拟声词，模仿碰撞的声音一词多义：基本义“撞碎”词块：crashinto,acar/planecrash13.percent：美式percent；拓展percentage14.destroy：de-(down向下)+struere(build建，同structure)→破坏建筑的结构→毁坏；精准的汉语释义“毁坏”15.chemical：同源词：chemistry,chemist16.creature：词族：create,creative,creatively,creator,creature词块：livingcreature17.survive：sur-(over,beyond超过)+

vive(tolive活)→比……活得长同根词：vivid,revive,vital,vitamin

词族：survive,survival,survivor18.effect：词块：haveaneffecton,greenhouseeffect,sideeffect,ineffect,takeeffect

派生词：effectiveposition重难点词精讲一词多义seek英语释义正式用语与非正式用语measure一词多义一词多义crashsurvive一词多义effect一词多义英语释义determined搭配义魁地奇比赛中的找球手seeker在哈利波特的魔法世界中，最受欢迎的运动莫过于魁地奇比赛(Quidditch)。找球手seeker在比赛中起着极为重要的作用，他们负责抓取金色飞贼(thegoldensnitch)，往往能使自己的球队反败为胜。seekseek

(sought,sought)

v

[正式用语或书面用语]

vt&vi寻找

tolookfor

sb/sth：Theysoughtforaplacetoshelterfromtherain,butinvain.seekjobs/work/employment根据seek的基本义tolookfor，猜猜下列句子中seek的意思。1.Thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.2014天津2.Theyhadsoughtmyadvice,andIhadrecommendedthismachine.3.Scientistshavebeenseekingtounderstandthemysteryofthe“sixthsense”ofdirection.寻求

口语trytofind/get征求

口语askfor试图/企图口语trytodo【词汇拓展】seekout找出；找到：Wemustseekoutasolutiontotheproblem.playhide-and-seek玩捉迷藏seeker

n[C]

寻找者；追求者：ajobseeker重要词块正式用语多用于正式场合(formalsituations)，如商业信函、报告、讲座、会议，以及与陌生人和比自己级别高的人的交谈中。非正式用语则多用于非正式场合(informalsituations)，如与熟人的日常交流，包括会话和书信往来等。学习词汇时要了解它使用的情景，避免日常交流和书面表达时因为用词不恰当、不得体导致交际失败。本单元词汇表中的seek是正式用语，B1U1出现的习语butterfliesinone’sstomach是非正式用语。正式(formal)用语与非正式(informal)用语informalneutral（中性）formal错误/mistake计划(v)/plan联系(v)/contact种类/kind得到/get认为think/好的；极好的good;excellent/出教室/gooutoftheclassroom_____theclassroom心慌；紧张have__________inone’s

stomachfeelverynervous/errorintendgetintouchwithgaintypefigureneatexitbutterflies中国古代西方重量单位两；斤磅(pound)；克(gram)；千克

(kilogram)1磅=0.454千克

容积和体积单位升；斗；石1石=10斗=100升品脱(pint)（568毫升），加仑(gallon)

（4.55升）长度单位尺；寸1尺=10寸=0.33米英尺(foot)；

英寸(inch)；英里(mile)；码(yard)；米(meter)；千米(kilometer)1英尺=12英寸=0.3048米；1英里=1.609千米1码=0.9米中西方关于度量衡(weightsandmeasures)的常见表达都有哪些呢？measure以人名命名的物理单位：力的单位：牛顿(N)；功的单位：焦耳(J)；频率的单位：赫兹(Hz)；电流的单位：安培(A)……等等measuren

[C]&[U]度量单位；计量标准：weightsandmeasures

[C][正式用语](判断的)标准；衡量

awayoftestingorjudgingsth：Speedisagood

measureof

workperformanceinthissetting.“测量”的单位“测量”的标准measure的词源义为“测量”，是meter（米）的同源词

[C][用单数](一定的)量；程度(degree)：Nomatterhowunpredictablethefuture,there’salmost

always

somemeasureofjoytobegotfromthemoment.

2015浙江改

[C][常用复数]措施；办法anofficialaction(step)：safetymeasures

Itishightimethatweshouldtakesomemeasures

toprotectendangeredanimals.“测量”的结果“测量”的方法

vt&vi量；测量：

[用作系动词][不用于进行时](尺寸、数量等)量度为：Theroommeasures10metersacross.

vt

估量；衡量(assess)：measurevmeasuringinstrumentsThedoctorweighedthebabyandmeasureditsheight.Scientistshaven’tmeasuredthepositiveeffectsoflaughteronchildren.

►measurementn[U]测量；衡量；[C][常用复数]尺寸:takesb’smeasurements“测量”的单位“测量”的标准“测量”的结果“测量”的方法度量单位；计量标准(判断的)

标准；衡量(一定的)

量；程度措施；办法measure语义网络图measure测量基本义量；测量估量；衡量(尺寸、数量等)量度为nvThelocationofthetowerisclosetothepool.这里的location是“位置”的意思。还有什么词可以表示“位置”呢？position

[C]＆[U]位置；方位；(恰当或正确的)位置：Canyoushowmethepositionofthecityonthemap?Theorchestrawereallinposition,waitingfortheconductor.

[C]＆[U]姿势；(物体所指的)方向：Lieinacomfortableposition.

Keeptheboxinanuprightposition.

[C]＆[U]地位；身份：Thesocialpositionofeachcharacterinfluencesthewaytheybehavetoeachother.

amanofpositionpositionn

[C]

[正式用语]职位；职务ajob

(post)：Heisthinkingofapplyingfor

thepositionofChiefEditor.Brucetakes/holds

thepositionofsalesmanagerinalargecompany.

[C]

(比赛中的)名次：Shefinishedtheraceinthirdposition.

[C]

[常用单数]处境；状况

thestateorsituationthatsb/sthisin:Whatwouldyoudoifinmyposition?I’mafraidIamnotinapositiontohelpyou.

[C][常与on连用]立场；观点；态度anopiniononoranattitudetowardsaparticularsubject(attitude)：Whenthetimecomestomakeadecisionandtakeapositiononanissue,allowforthecontributionsofeachmemberofthegroup.2008江苏Ihopeyou’llreconsideryourposition.

名词动词化

vt

放置；安放(place)：Ipositionedmyselftotakethebestphotooftheseaview.物体在空间上的“位置”人身体/物体的“位置”在社会中的“位置”在工作中的“位置”在比赛中的“位置”位置；方位姿势；(物体所指的)方向地位；身份职位；职务(比赛中的)名次position语义网络图position位置基本义在态度中的“位置”立场；观点；态度在情境中的“位置”处境；状况Yourattitudedetermines

youraltitude.你的态度决定你的高度。determine和decide在程度上和正式上有区别determine

vt

确定；查明(establish)：Investigatorsarestilltryingto

determinewhat

causedthefire.

vt

支配；影响：Itisyourefforts,notyourintelligencethatdetermineyoursuccess.

2008

湖北Demanddeterminessupply.determine

v

[正式用语]

vt&vi

决心；决定decidefirmly：Idetermineto

makemoreeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.She

determinedthat

nothingshouldbechangedinherreport.We

determinedon

anearlystart.【词汇拓展】determined

adj

有决心的；意志坚定的：Myfatherwasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedeniedaneducation.2015福建改(be)determinedtodosth:Amazedathowskilfultheywere,Iwasdeterminedtobejustasgood.2013浙江

坚决的；坚定的：Shegaveme

adeterminedlook

—thekindthatsaidshewouldn’tchangehermind.determination

n

[U]决定；决心；果断约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德（JohannWolfgangvonGoethe，1749年8月28日—1832年3月22日），是最伟大的德国作家之一，也是世界文学领域的一个出类拔萃的光辉人物。代表作品《少年维特的烦恼》、《浮士德》。crash最初是一个拟声词，模仿碰撞的声音“哗啦……”；随着社会的发展，产生了“(公司等)倒闭”、“(股票)暴跌”、“(计算机等)死机”等意思。名词释义是由动词释义转化而来。crash(v)出现于公元前14世纪晚期，词源义是“breakinpieces”“打碎”“撞碎”。crash

词源解读

vi&vt

(使)

发出撞击声；(使)

发出爆裂声：

crashvTheplatescrashedtothefloor.Shestormedoutoftheroomandcrashedthedoorshutbehindher.

vi&vt

(使飞机)坠毁；(使汽车等)猛撞：Thenewsthattheplanehadcrashedmadeussad.

Hecrashedhiscarintoawall.

vi(公司等)倒闭；(股票)暴跌；(计算机等)死机；崩溃：Thecompanycrashedwithdebtsof£2million.Thecomputersthatweuseatthemomentareoldandslow,andtheyoftencrash.

crash

n[C]

[常用单数]哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声：Atthatmoment,wehearahugecrashandthensilence.

碰撞(事件)；(飞机)坠毁：

Allthepassengerswerekilledintheplanecrash.

暴跌；(计算机等的)崩溃：

tipsforfixingcomputersystemcrashes撞碎crash基本义“撞碎”物体，发出巨响“撞碎”飞机、汽车等“撞碎”公司、股票等(使)

发出撞击声；(使)发出爆裂声(使飞机)

坠毁；(使汽车等)

猛撞(公司等)

倒闭；(股票)

暴跌；(计算机等)

崩溃哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声暴跌；(计算机等的)

崩溃ncrash语义网络图碰撞(事件)；(飞机)坠毁vsurvive《我不是药神》（英文译名Dyingtosurvive）是由文牧野执导，宁浩、徐峥共同监制的剧情片。该片于2018年7月5日在中国上映。影片讲述了徐峥扮演的程勇从一个交不起房租的小商贩，一跃成为印度仿制药“格列宁”独家代理商的故事。电影展现了一群人为了生存下去而苦苦挣扎。影片有笑有泪，还有思考。在生活小细节的层层推进下，导演将小人物的日常平凡、卑微、无甚波澜的生活带到了更为深远的一步。survivesurvive是由前缀“sur-”+词根“vive（源于词根viv）”构成。其中sur-是“在……上；超过……”(over,beyond)的意思，viv是“活；生命”(live)的意思，所以survive表达“生命超越了……（比事故中其他遇难者活得时间长）”，其常见义为“幸存”。与survive同根的词有revive,vitamin,vivid等。

vt

比……活得长：Shesurvivedherhusbandbytenyears.

vi&vt

幸存(于)：Hesurvivedtheearthquake.注：不能说Hesurvivedfrom/after/intheearthquake.

vi&vt

挺过；熬过：Howdoyousurviveonsuchalowsalary?

vi保存下来：Someoldcustomshavesurvivedintothepresent.survivev

survive语义网络图在灾难中活得长(具体）寿命活得长（人）在困境中活得长（抽象）物品或者风俗活得长（具体）幸存（于）挺过；熬过保存；留存比某人活得长比……活得长（基本义）►survivorn[C]幸存者►survivaln

[U]幸存；继续生存：

thesurvivalofthefittest

[C]幸存物；残存物：Theceremonyisasurvivalfrompre-Christiantimes.词汇拓展《泰坦尼克号》这部电影讲述了泰坦尼克号这艘豪华游轮在航行时由于撞上了冰山而沉没，男主杰克（Jack）为了救女主露丝（Rose）而冻死在冰冷的海水中的故事。在泰坦尼克号缓缓下沉时，杰克带着露丝跑到船尾，爬上栏杆坚持到泰坦尼克号沉没。最后杰克将露丝推上一块漂浮木板。露丝要比杰克活得长。RosesurvivedJack.露丝在这次沉船事故中幸存下来。Rosesurvivedtheaccident.杰克为了露丝能够存活下来，不断地鼓励她，而自己却冻死在寒冷的海水里。多年后寻宝探险家布洛克从沉船上打捞起一个锈迹斑斑的保险柜。露丝在冰冷的海上挺了过来最终获救。Rosesurvivedthefrozenseaandwasrescuedintheend.他发现里面有一幅素描画留存至今。Hefoundthatadrawinghadsurvivedintothepresent.这幅素描由杰克为露丝所画。effectR3n[C]&[U]结果；效应；作用；影响：greenhouseeffect

Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout.

2010浙江Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.

2012四川bring/put...intoeffect实施；实行ineffect

在实施中；有效：Somelawsfromtheeighteenthcenturyarestillineffect.

实际上；事实上：“Haveaniceday”isawonderfulphrase,remindingus,ineffect,toenjoythemoment.词汇拓展►effectiveR3

adj有效的反ineffective；生效的：takeeffectivemeasures/steps

ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingandcatchingthem.

2015广东►effectivelyadv

有效地►effectivenessn[U]有效性takeeffect生效

(comeintoeffect)；起作用：Thesemeasuresarejustbeginningtotakeeffect.

survive拓展视频：随堂检测seek一、选出下列句子中画线部分的英语释义。HowcanyouseekhelpfromtheWritingCentre?(2014天津)

________2.Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredeclining(减少)mayseekopportunitiesabroad.(2014山东) ________3.WesoughtoutKarenandtoldherofhersuccess. ________4.Localschoolsareseekingtoreducethedropoutrate. ________cadba.lookfor b.tryc.askfor d.findout二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OnahotsummerdayinlastAugust,I________(seek)shadeandacooldrinkatawaterfrontcafé.2.Somebusinessesonlyseek________(earn)enoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.(2013全国)3.Unluckily,theysoughtinvain________somewheretoshelter.4.Ajob________(seek)isanunemployedpersonwhoistryingtogetajob.soughttoearnforseeker三、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。Thecompany____________________(正试图提高)thequalityofproducts.2.Thegovernment______________________(正在寻求解决办法)totheproblemofwatershortage.3.FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridgethathelpsusto________________(寻求真理)

(2015湖北书面表达)isseekingtoimproveisseekingforasolutionseekthetruthmeasure根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Theroom__________________________(宽10米).2.Theassistant_______________________(给我量尺寸)

andshowedmewhatwasavailableinmysize.3.Personally,I’magainst_________________________________

(付钱让学生学习的办法).(2010广东书面表达)4.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmentto______________________________(采取措施减少污染).(2013天津改)themeasureofpayingstudentstolearnmeasures10metresacrosstakemeasurestoreducepollutiontookmymeasurements一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。

Ihadtofindsomeoneelsetofillinher

position

forthemoment.

(2014湖北)

______________2.SpainandtheUStaketheleading

position

inbuildingsmartcities. ______________3.Sorry,DoctorWhiteisoutoftownandI’mnotintheposition

togiveoutthatkindofinformation. ______________职位；职务地位处境；状况position二、用position的适当形式填空。Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheir__________.

(2009上海)

2.Thephonesallhavecameras,computersanda“global-____________”somethingorotherthat’ssupposedtospotmefromspace.

(2012福建)

3.Onecanfindhis_________inlifeinhisownway.

positionspositioningposition一、写出下列句子中determine的汉语释义。1.Oursocialpositionsdeterminethewaywearedressed.__________

2.Itisdifficulttodeterminetheexactcauseoftheillness.__________3.Thedateofthecourtcasehasnotyetbeendetermined.__________

4.HowhardtheswimmersworknowwilldeterminehowtheyperformintheOlympics. __________

决定决定确定确定determine二、在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.She’ssuretogetthejobshewants–she’savery___________(determine)person.2.Janewasdeterminednot___________(go)againstherfather’swishesandaccepthisadvice.3.Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrainanda___________(determine)toachieve.(2009陕西)4.Blackholescannotbeseendirectly,so___________(determine)thenumberofthemisverydifficult.determinedtogodeterminationdetermining三、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。1.Itisnotwhatyouaregivenbuthowyoumakeuseofitthat_______________________(决定你是谁).(2012湖北)2.Realizingthathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboy_________________________________(决心停下不再玩游戏).3.Ifwe___________________________________(有勇气和决心),wewillfinallygetthesunshinewewant.(2010北京书面表达)determineswhoyouareisdeterminedtostopplayinggameshavethecourageanddetermination一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Itisanoceanthatmoves,impressivelyandendlessly.Itmakesallkindsofnoise—itisforeverthundering,boiling,crashing,andwhistling.(2013重庆) ____________2.Whendidthecomputercrash?(2012福建)

____________3.Cardrivershavetoobeytrafficregulationsthattellthemtherightthingstodoontheroadtoavoidcrashes.(2012广东)____________4.ItwassadnewsthatnoonesurvivedtheAirAsiaplanecrashwhichhappenedonDecember28,2014.____________发出撞击声死机

碰撞(事件)

飞机失事；飞机坠毁事故crash5.Theteamcrashedtotheirworstdefeatthisseason.

________________6.Investigatorsarestilltryingtofigureoutwhytheenginesin

thisplanelostpower,forcingittocrash-landwithmorethan

150passengersonboard.________________7.Therewasacrashofthunder

justnow.________________(比赛中)

溃败；惨败紧急迫降

一声炸雷；一声响雷二、Whatdoes“crashaparty”mean?To“crashaparty”isanidiomaticexpressionthatmeanstoattendapartywithoutreceivinganinvitation.Thisexpressionmayhavedevelopedfromtheideaofbreakingandentering.Ifuninvitedguestswanttofindawayintoaparty,theywouldneedtobreakin,probablyresultinginthesoundofacrasheitherthroughsmashingglassorbreakingfurniture.Dependingonthekindofpartyoneistryingtoattend,however,itisunlikelythatonewouldactuallyhavetobreakanythinginordertoenter.Typicallytheterm“crashaparty”isusedbyteensandcollegestudentstodescribegoingtopartieswithoutaninvit