Unit2 Listening and Speaking 词汇精讲课堂

版本：新人教单元：必修二Unit2(ListeningandSpeaking)词汇课堂本单元词汇梳理1.poster：来自post2.illegal：il-(不)+legal(合法的)；词块：illegalactivities派生词：illegally3.hunt：一词多义：基本义“猎捕”

词块：huntforajob,gohunting

派生词：hunter,hunting4.immediately：immediate(adj

立即的)+-ly

immediate：im-(不)+-med(中间)

→

没有中间环节的

→立即的；马上的5.species：单复数同形；词块：endangeredspecies6.alarm：来自意大利语all’arme!全部拿起武器→警报词块：thealarmgoesoff,setthealarm,analarmclock

名词动词化：使惊恐；派生词：alarmed,alarming7.rate：词块：birth/heart/successrate;ata…rateof(=ata…speedof)名词动词化：划分等级；评估；派生词：rating8.extinct：ex-(向外)+-stinct(刺)

→拔刺、拔出→连根拔起→灭绝

派生词：extinction9.mass：词块：amassof/massesof=alotof/lotsof,massproduction10.aware：a-(强调)+-ware(看、留意)

→意识到的

词块：beawareof,beawarethat;

反义词：unaware(beunawareof)；

派生词：awareness(raiseawarenessof)11.endanger：

en-(make使)+danger(危险)

词族：danger,dangerous,endanger,endangered12.average：词源：在海运活动中，当船只遇到恶劣天气等危险，往往会抛弃一部分货物以减轻载重，避免船只倾覆。海损由相关各方平均分摊，这在古代西方已经形成惯例。average原本指的就是这种海运货物损失，后又引申出“平均的”、“普通的”之意。词块：anaverageof,below/aboveaverage,onaverage13.prince：拓展princess,king,queen14.concern：①con-(with,together共同)+-cern(分开、筛选)，

即区分开的，关心自己那一部分的②concern动词英语释义：(be)about(日常用语中更常用about)；toaffect/involvesb；toworrysb③名词释义与动词释义相对应；抽象名词具体化：表示具体的令人担忧的事或人时，是可数名词。

④派生词：concerned(分词形容词),concerning(介词)

⑤词块：beconcernedwith/in,beconcernedabout/for,asfaras…beconcerned15.living：来自live

词块：livingthings,livingstandards,make/earnaliving

辨析alive,livingliving多作前置定语，alive多作表语，后置定语或补语

16.adapt：前缀ad-(to去)+apt(适应的)

词块：adapt(oneself)tosth,adaptsth(forsth)(fromsth)派生词：adaptation17.measure：一词多义：基本义“测量”

词块：safetymeasures,takemeasurestodosth

派生词：measurement18.authority：author(n

作者)+-ity一词多义：基本义“权威”

词块：anauthorityon,inauthority,theauthorities19.pressure：press(v

压)+-ure(名词后缀)

词块：bloodpressure,underpressure,putpressureonsb

重难点词精讲massaveragealarmrateawareauthority一词多义一词多义pressure一词多义词根精准的汉语释义搭配一词多义一词多义搭配熟词生义concern一词多义英语释义搭配义measure一词多义alarm■n

[C]警报(器)：Iraised/soundedthealarmassoonasIsawthesmoke.Everyonefledfromthebuildingwhenthefirealarmsounded.

[C]闹钟(alarmclock)：setthealarmforsixThealarmwentoffatfive.

[U]惊恐；惊悚词源：古代意大利哨兵发现敌人来袭时会大声呼喊“all’arme!”相当于英语中的“tothearms”（去拿武器，arms在此指武器）。all’arme后演变为英文单词alarm，词义也演变为“警报、警告”。■vt

使惊恐；使担忧(worry)：Thenewsthattheenemieswerenearalarmedeverybody.词汇拓展►alarmedadj

担忧的；恐惧的►alarmingadj

令人担忧的；令人恐惧的rateHeartRate心率rate■

n[C]

比率：thebirth/death/unemployment/success/heartrate

速度；速率：Ourmoneywasrunningoutatanalarmingrate.

价格；费用：exchange/interestratesbesoldatahighrateatanyrate无论如何(anyway)：Atanyrate,themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.atthis/thatrate这样/那样的话：Ifyougoonatthatrate,youwilldamageyourhealth.first-rate/second-rate/third-rate一流的/二流的/三流的■vt

[不用于进行时]

对……评估；对……评价：Theuniversityishighlyratedforitsresearch.Theshowwasratedasagreatsuccessbycritics.

给……划分等级：Whenstudentsratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.2009北京改mass■

n[C]

团；块；堆：amassofrockslargemassesofclouds

许多；大量：amassof/massesof:I’vegotamassofthingstodothismorning.WherevertheBeatleswent,massesoffanswouldwelcomethemattheairport.

[themasses]群众；民众：Thetrainsprovidecheaptravelforthemasses.

[U](物理学)质量■adj[只用于名词前]民众的；大规模的：amassprotestmassproduction【词汇拓展】massiveadj

巨大的；大而重的；大规模的：AmassiveearthquakehitcentralItalyinAugust2016,killingatleast247people.北师新选必①-3awareadj[不用于名词前]意识到的；察觉到的：①(be)awareof:Peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.2010福建书面表达Theysuddenlybecameawareofpeoplelookingatthem.②(be)aware+that从句：Ifshehadbeenawarethatthemushroomswerepoisonous,shewouldnothavepickedthemfordinner.词汇拓展awarenessn[U]认识；意识：raiseawarenessof词源：a-(加强意义)

+ware(看、留意)→意识到average如果对自己的英语水平做个评价，你的英语水平如何？Excellent?Verygood?Good?Fairlygood?还是Average?或者Belowaverage?如果说你的水平中等偏上，该怎么表达？average词源average源自阿拉伯语awariya

(损坏的货物)。在海运活动中，当船只遇到恶劣天气等危险，往往会抛弃一部分货物以减轻载重，避免船只倾覆。average原本指的就是这种海运货物损失。海损由相关各方平均分摊，这在古代西方已经形成惯例。average在17世纪时引申出“平均分摊”之意，又从中引申出“平均的”、“普通的”之意。average■

n[C]&[U]

平均；平均数：Theaverageof3,8and10is7.Ispendanaverageofabout$200ayearonbooks.

一般水平；平均标准：below

/above

averagethe

national

averageon

average

平均；一般地：Onaveragewehavefiveclassesaday.Women,onaverage,livelonger.2016四川■

adj[无比较级]

[只用于名词前]平均的：Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.2018全国

中等的；适中的normalortypical：childrenof

average

intelligenceHewasinhislatetwentiesandof

average

height.

平常的；普遍的notspecial;ordinary：Freddywasanaveragestudent,butnotanaverageperson.2017全国■

vt

[不用于被动语态]平均为Thisarticle________________（关于）somestudyingmethods.isaboutis/hastodowithEverydayEnglish温故知新concerns

关于；与……有关tobeaboutsth；

涉及；牵涉toaffect/involvesb/sth：ThefilmconcernsagirlwhogoestoAfricaasavolunteer.Pleasepayattentionbecausethisinformationconcernsallofyou.

使担心toworrysb：Itconcernedherthathersonhadn’tbeenbackhome.concernoneselfwith

[正式用语]

关心；担心：Agooddoctorshouldalwaysconcernhimselfwithhispatients.

concern

vt

[U]担心；忧虑afeelingofworryaboutsthimportant：thegrowingconcernabout/for/overcontinuinghighunemployment

[U]

关心

afeelingofwantingtoprotectandhelpsb/sth:Thankyouforyourconcern.2014

四川书面表达Iappreciateeveryone’sconcernandhelpatthisdifficulttime.

[C]担心的事；关心的事

sththatworriesyouorthatisimportanttoyou:Thequalityofbooksisamainconcerntoeditors.Whatareyourmainconcernsasastudent?concern

n

抽象名词具体化concern的名词释义和动词相关concern担心的事；关心的事（抽象名词具体化）关于；与……有关；涉及；牵涉使担心担心；忧虑关心

nvconcernedadj

[不用于名词前]有关的；有关联的：beconcernedwith/in:Herjobissomethingconcernedwithcomputers.Peopleconcernedintheeventwereallpunished.

担忧的；关心的worriedaboutsth,orcaringaboutsb：beconcernedabout/for:I’mabitconcernedabout/forhersafety.Parentsareallconcernedabout/fortheirchildren.

关注的；关切的believingthatsthisimportant：beconcernedwith:Morepeopleareconcernedwiththeprotectionofendangeredanimals.Manyofmystudentsweremoreconcernedwiththeirgradesthanwiththeknowledgetheygained.asfaras…beconcerned就……而言；关于：AsfarasI’mconcerned,ridingbicyclesisagoodsolutiontoairpollution.I’mdoingfineasfarashistoryisconcerned,butmymathisnotgood.

concerning

[正式用语]prep关于

(regarding/withregardto)：variousquestionsconcerningpollutionandenvironment中国古代西方重量单位两；斤磅(pound)；克(gram)；千克

(kilogram)1磅=0.454千克

容积和体积单位升；斗；石1石=10斗=100升品脱(pint)（568毫升）；加仑(gallon)

（4.55升）长度单位尺；寸1尺=10寸=0.33米英尺(foot)；

英寸(inch)；英里(mile)；码(yard)；米(meter)；千米(kilometer)1英尺=12英寸=0.3048米；1英里=1.609千米1码=0.9米中西方关于度量衡(weightsandmeasures)的常见表达都有哪些呢？measure以人名命名的物理单位：力的单位：牛顿(N)；功的单位：焦耳(J)；频率的单位：赫兹(Hz)；电流的单位：安培(A)……等等measuren

[C]&[U]度量单位；计量标准：weightsandmeasures

[C][正式用语](判断的)标准；衡量awayoftestingorjudgingsth：Speedisagood

measureof

workperformanceinthissetting.“测量”的单位“测量”的标准measure的词源义为“测量”，是meter（米）的同源词

[C]

[用单数]

(一定的)

量；程度

(degree)：

Nomatterhowunpredictablethefutureis,there’salmostalways

somemeasureofjoytobegotfromthemoment.

2015浙江改

[C]

[常用复数]

措施；办法anofficialaction(step)：safetymeasures

Itishightimethatweshouldtakesomemeasures

toprotectendangeredanimals.“测量”的结果“测量”的方法

vt&vi量；测量：

[用作系动词]

[不用于进行时]

(尺寸、数量等)量度为：

Theroommeasures10metersacross.

vt

估量；衡量(assess)：measurevmeasuringinstrumentsThedoctorweighedthebabyandmeasureditsheight.Scientistshaven’tmeasuredthepositiveeffectsoflaughteronchildren.

►measurementn[U]

测量；衡量；[C]

[常用复数]

尺寸：takesb’smeasurements

“测量”的单位“测量”的标准“测量”的结果“测量”的方法度量单位；计量标准(判断的)标准；衡量(一定的)量；程度措施；办法measure语义网络图measure测量基本义量；测量估量；衡量(尺寸、数量等)量度为nvauthority词源解读在古欧洲，能解决争端的书或文章等都是有权威的，而能写出这些书籍和文章的人即作者也都是很有权威的人。在历史发展过程中，由“有权威的篇章”这一具体的概念衍生出抽象释义“权威；权力”等。authority的各层释义都与“权威”有关，故各释义衍生的基础即基本义为“权威”。author(n

作者)+-ityauthority语义网络图权威（基本义）权威人士；专家；泰斗权威；权力；当权有“权威”的人士许可；授权官方；当局有“权威”的力量得到“权威”的同意有“权威”的机构authority

句中学1.Heisanauthorityonvocabulary.2.Teenagers,whentheygrowup,begintoquestiontheirparents’authority

andwisdom.3.CouldIspeaktosomeoneinauthority(=whohas

apositionofpower)here,please?4.Noonemayenterwithoutmyauthority.5.Wereportedthetrainaccidenttotheauthorities.权威人士；专家；泰斗同义异构：specialist权威；权力许可；授权权威；权力；当权官方；当局（复数）pressure大家在平时的学习中一定感受过“压力”吧？pressure一词源自单词“press按；压”，press+ure→pressure；其释义与“按；压”息息相关。pressure

n

[U]挤压；(物理学)

压力；压强：air/bloodpressureThenurseappliedpressuretohisarmtostopthebleeding.

[U][可用复数]

(精神上的、外界施加的)

压力：Somepeopleworkbetterunderpressure.Iknowstudyingisveryimportant,butmyparentsput

toomuchpressureonme.2008

浙江同义异构：stresspressure挤压（物理学）压力；压强（精深上、外界施加的）压力基本义：由按压而产生的力由一种事物到另一种事物由具体到抽象pressure语义网络图presspress词根记词汇（im-进+press→压进去→印入头脑→使留下深刻印象）（ex-+press→把(思想)挤出来→表达）（re-回+press→压回去→镇压→抑制情感）（de-向下+press→向下压→使情绪低下）

(sup-下去+press→压下去→忍住；镇压）（press+-ure……的过程/结果→压力）impressexpressrepressdepresssuppresspressure随堂检测写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Therainforestisdisappearingatanalarmingrate.______________2.Neighbourssoundedthealarm

whentheysmelledsmoke.______________3.Hewasalarmedtodiscover

thathiscarwasgone.______________4.Hisfamilyraisedthealarm

whenhehadnotcomehomeby9pm._____________5.Alarmedbythenoise,thebirdsflewaway. _____________6.Myalarmwentoffat7o’clockthismorning. _____________alarm以惊人的速度响起警报惊慌地发现报警被声音惊吓到闹钟rate根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Thecountry’s_____________(出生率)felltoarecordlowlastyear.2.Well,that’sonegoodpieceofnews____________

(不管怎么说).3.Sheis_______________

(评价很高)bythepeoplesheworksfor.4.Thecarisrunning________________

(以……的速度)eightykilometersanhour.birthrateatanyrateratedveryhighlyataspeed/rateofmass一、写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。1.HenryFordsaid:“Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople.”

(2011辽宁) ____________2.Thismassextinction

iscausedbyhunting,habitatdestructionandpollution. _______________3.WhenIwashedthesweater,itjustturnedintoashapelessmass. _______________二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。Therewere__________(大量)peopleintheshopsyesterday.大众大规模的灭绝massesof团aware根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Peoplearebecomingfarmore________________

(意识到)environmentalproblems.2.She________________(察觉到)atalldarkpersonwatchingher.3.Thewriter’sbook__________________________

(提高人们……的意识)

thedangersofpollution.(2014江苏改)4.Manypeople_______________________(不知道)howmuchfoodanddrinktheyconsume(消耗).awareofwasawareofraisedpeople’sawarenessofarenotaware/unawareof一、根据句意，选出average的最佳释义。

平均的

中等的；适中的

平常的；普遍的1.Notsolongago,mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShelly-AnnFraser-Prycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaverage

highschoolathlete.(2016江苏) __________2.Astheaverage

ageofthepopulationincreases,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.(2016天津) __________3.Onlyoneinsixchildrenwhoseparentswereofaverage

weightbecameoverweight. __________

average二、根据句意，用适当的介词填空。1.Hewasagoodstudentandscored_________average

inmostsubjects.(2011天津)2.TeaistheBritishnationaldrink.Everyman,woman,andchildovertenyearsofagehas_________average

overfourcupsaday.(2015全国)3.Thelibrarynowgetsanaverage

_________fivevisitsaday.(2013湖南)aboveonof一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1.Officialsshouldconcernthemselves______publicaffairs.2.Themeetingwasconcerned_______reforms

andeveryonepresentwasconcerned_______theirowninterests.3.Thenewsshockedthepublic,leading

togreatconcern

______________students’safetyatschool.(2010重庆)

withwithforabout/for/overconcern二、用concern的适当形式填空。1.Theletterhasbeengiventotheperson

_________.2.Oneofthe_________thatpeoplehaveisthesideeffectsoftreatment.3.AsfarasAmericans

____________,alotofourhotelsarebelowaverage.4.Asagrassrootssinger,shereadseverythingshecangetholdof____________music,andtakeseveryopportunitytoimproveherself.(2014福建)concernedconcernsconcerningareconcerned三、根据所给汉语及提示，完成句子。Nowadayspeople____________________________________________________________(更关心他们所居住的环境).(2013四川)2._____________________(就我个人而言),ridingbicyclesisagoodsolution.

(2011江西书面表达)3.Parents___________________________________________(关注孩子们的课程选择).(2009山东)(selection)4.Therewasnoevidencethathe____________________