五年（2020-2024）高考英语真题分类汇编 专题12 阅读理解七选五解析版

2020-2024年五年高考真题分类汇编PAGEPAGE1【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语真题分类汇编（北京专用）解析版专题12阅读理解七选五年份体裁词数设题位置主题语境话题段首段中段尾2024说明文281+82140人与社会“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式2023说明文255+83122人与自然选择高校的建议2022说明文225+81140人与自我健康和健身2021说明文275+102230人与社会音乐对身体的好处2020说明文282+84131人与自我积极思考的各种益处Passage01【2024北京卷】Ifyouwanttodevelopmaximumcredibility(可信性),isitbettertobeahedgehog(刺猬)orafox?AccordingtoIsaiahBerlin,thehedgehogknowsonethingverywell,andthefoxknowsalotofthings.Isthereaclearadvantageofonestyleovertheother?Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.___35___Andtheyareusuallyverycredibleindoingso.AccordingtoJimHart,the“hedgehogconcept”isoneofthefactorsthatleadcompaniestogreatness.Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.___36___Thehedgehogconceptmakesperfectsenseforcompanies.___37___PhilipTatehasstudiedthetrackrecordsofthosefolksontheSundaytalkshowswhomakepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.Theadvantagethat.foxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.___38___Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.Theyalsohaveaclearerestimationofwhattheyknowanddon’tknow.So,whichisbetter?Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.___39___Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.Themosteffectivewaytogothroughlifeistotrytobethatraremixtureknownasfoxyhedgehog.A.Inotherwords,thereareclearadvantagesforeach.B.Theyaremorelikelytorememberpeople’smistakes.C.Hence,theyhavetheadvantageofclarityandconfidence.D.Buttherecanbeadownsidetoconcentrationononebigthing.E.However,hedgehogsremainopentoothers’reactionsandinputs.F.Whensomethingiscontradictorytotheirview,theydon’ttreatitasexceptional.G.Theycomedownsquarelyononesideortheotherandfullysupporttheirposition.【答案】35.G36.C37.D38.F39.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。【35题详析】根据上文“Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。【36题详析】根据上文“Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.(他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。【37题详析】根据下文“Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.(他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面”引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。【38题详析】根据上文“Theadvantagethatfoxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.(“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.(他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。【39题详析】根据上文“Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.(这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.(成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。Passage02【2023北京卷】It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.35WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.36Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.37Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.38Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A．Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B．Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C．Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D．However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E．Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F．They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G．Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【答案】35．D36．F37．G38．B39．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。35．根据空前内容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。36．根据空前内容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“moresurprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。37．空前内容“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。38．根据空前内容“Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。39．根据下文内容“Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。Passage03【2022年北京卷】Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.____35____Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.____36____Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.____37____Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.____38____Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.____39____This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.【答案】35.G36.B37.D38.F39.C【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。35.【解析】根据空前“Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的otherdiseases与空后的thesediseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。36.【解析】根据空后“Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。37.【解析】根据空前“Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。38.【解析】根据空前“Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。39.【解析】根据空前“Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。Passage04【2021年北京卷】Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．____35____Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．____36____However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．____37____Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitcomestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推测）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．____38____Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．____39____Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．【答案】35.F36.B37.D38.G39.E【解析】〖祥解〗本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。【35题详析】空格后说“Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety中的stressandanxiety照应了mentalhealthbenefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。【36题详析】空格后说“However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。【37题详析】空格前说“Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep中的sleep和goingtobed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。【38题详析】空格前说“InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere中的heartrates和前面的heartrates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。【39题详析】空格后说“Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。Passage05【2020年北京卷】Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.____46____Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.____47____Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.____48____Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.____49____Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.____50____Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.B.Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【答案】46.B47.D48.C49.G50.A【解析】〖祥解〗这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。【46题详析】根据上文“Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negativeself-talks可对应到B选项中Negativeself-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。【47题详析】根据后文“Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中Peoplewhothinkpositively以及Positivethinking可对应到D选项中Positivethinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。【48题详析】根据后文“Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。【49题详析】根据上文“Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。【50题详析】根据上文“Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。Passage01（2024·北京海淀·二模）Beingsensitivemeansthatyouareobservant,careful,andthoughtful.Itcanalsomeanyousometimesoverinterpretoroverreacttoperceivedcriticismorjudgment.Ifyoutendtobeahighlysensitiveperson,youaremorelikelytomisreadsignalsfromothers,sensesocialthreats,andstruggletoadapttonewcircumstances.35Thepowerofinsensitivitycanbeinterpretedas“sluggish(迟钝的)power”.36Forexample,thoseworkingoncomplexresearchprojectswith“sluggishpower”persistwithfocusanddeterminationinthefaceofchallengessuchastightdeadlinesandlimitedresources.Theirresiliencefacilitateseffectiveproblem-solving,ensuringthesuccessfulcompletionoftasksdespiteobstacles.37Thatisoneoftheimportantreasonswhyinsensitivityallowsapersontobettersurviveandadaptinacompetitiveenvironment.Knowingoneselfisdifficult,butknowingoneselfcorrectlyisundoubtedlyanexcellentability—atraitsharedbymanysuccessfulpeople,whoallclearlyknowwheretheirstrengthsare,whattheycando,whattheywant,andwhatdirectiontogo.Practicinginsensitivityinvolvesseveralkeystrategies.Firstly,beassertive.Expressourneedsandopinionspositivelyandwithconfidence.Secondly,adoptaforward-lookingmindset.38Additionally,detachfromexternalinfluences.Avoidexcessiveconcernoverothers’opinionsandspeculationonothers’thoughts.Lastly,managerelationships.Recognizeourpersonalresponsibilitieswhilerespectingothers’boundaries.Don’tinterferewithotherpeople’ssubjectsanddon’tletothersinterferewithourseither.39Onceyoubecomeabit“blunt”andslowdownthepace,youwillfeelmorecomfortable.A．Learntoviewtheproblemastwoparts.B．That’swheretheneedtobeinsensitivecomesfrom.C．Ihopeeveryonecanobtaintheabilitytobeinsensitive.D．Behindinsensitivityisastrongsenseofself-awareness.E．Beingahighlysensitivepersoncancomewithmanychallenges.F．Itimpliestheabilitytocalmlyfacethesetbacksandfirmlymoveforward.G．Focusonlong-termgoalsratherthantheupsanddownsoflifeatthemoment.【答案】35．B36．F37．D38．G39．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先解释了敏感性的定义和可能带来的问题，然后转向讨论不敏感性的力量，并给出了实践不敏感性的策略。35．由上文“Beingsensitivemeansthatyouareobservant,careful,andthoughtful.Itcanalsomeanyousometimesoverinterpretoroverreacttoperceivedcriticismorjudgment.Ifyoutendtobeahighlysensitiveperson,youaremorelikelytomisreadsignalsfromothers,sensesocialthreats,andstruggletoadapttonewcircumstances.(敏感意味着你善于观察、细心和深思熟虑。这也可能意味着你有时会过度解释或过度反应感知到的批评或判断。如果你是一个高度敏感的人，你更有可能误读他人的信号，感觉到社会威胁，并努力适应新环境)”可知，这里需要一个总结如何应对高度敏感的句子。B选项“That’swheretheneedtobeinsensitivecomesfrom.(这就是麻木不仁的必要性的来源)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。36．由上文“Thepowerofinsensitivitycanbeinterpretedas“sluggish(迟钝的)power”.(不敏感的力量可以解释为“迟钝的力量”)”可知，上文提到了“迟钝的力量”，接下来应该解释这种力量具体意味着什么。F选项“Itimpliestheabilitytocalmlyfacethesetbacksandfirmlymoveforward.(它意味着冷静面对挫折并坚定前行的能力)”恰当地解释了“迟钝力量”的正面含义，即在逆境中的韧性，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。37．由下文“Thatisoneoftheimportantreasonswhyinsensitivityallowsapersontobettersurviveandadaptinacompetitiveenvironment.Knowingoneselfisdifficult,butknowingoneselfcorrectlyisundoubtedlyanexcellentability—atraitsharedbymanysuccessfulpeople,whoallclearlyknowwheretheirstrengthsare,whattheycando,whattheywant,andwhatdirectiontogo.(这就是为什么不敏感能让一个人更好地在竞争环境中生存和适应的重要原因之一。认识自己是困难的，但正确地认识自己无疑是一种优秀的能力——这是许多成功人士共有的特点，他们都清楚地知道自己的长处在哪里，自己能做什么，自己想要什么，以及要走的方向)”可知，后文提及自我认知能力及成功人士的特点，此处应引出不敏感与自我意识之间的联系。D选项“Behindinsensitivityisastrongsenseofself-awareness.(在不敏感的背后是一种强烈的自我意识)”指出不敏感实际上是基于对自我的深刻了解，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。38．由上文“Practicinginsensitivityinvolvesseveralkeystrategies.Firstly,beassertive.Expressourneedsandopinionspositivelyandwithconfidence.Secondly,adoptaforward-lookingmindset.(练习不敏感包括几个关键的策略。首先，要自信。积极自信地表达我们的需求和意见。第二，树立前瞻性思维)”可知，该空需要接续前文关于前瞻性思维策略的内容。G选项“Focusonlong-termgoalsratherthantheupsanddownsoflifeatthemoment.(关注长期目标，而不是当下生活的起伏)”正好强调了如何实践前瞻性思维，即忽视短期波动，专注于长远规划，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。39．由下文“Onceyoubecomeabit“blunt”andslowdownthepace,youwillfeelmorecomfortable(一旦你变得有点“生硬”，放慢节奏，你就会感觉更舒服)”可知，最后一段鼓励读者采纳不敏感的态度，并概述了这样做的好处。C选项“Ihopeeveryonecanobtaintheabilitytobeinsensitive.(我希望每个人都能获得不敏感的能力)”作为总结性质的句子，鼓励大家学会不敏感，适合放在最后一段段首作为寄语，且能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。Passage02（2024·北京东城·二模）Socrates,Galileo,MarieCurie,Einstein...Whatdidthesegreatthinkershaveincommon?Theyallpracticeddeliberatedoubtanduseditasatooltoimprovetheirthinkingandgeneratecreativeideas.35Itisaboutsuspendingourcertaintyandlettinggoofourpreconceived(先入为主的)notionsinordertoexplorenewideasandperspectives.Whenwe’recertainofsomething,wetendtostoplookingforalternativeexplanationsorpossibilities.36Doubtcan,ofcourse,beunsettling,butitcanalsoresultinagreaterunderstandingofasubjectandinspirefreshthoughtsandinsights.37Butitdoesn’tmeanweshoulduseitallthetime.Whiledeliberatedoubtcanbeavaluabletoolforgeneratingcreativeideasandexploringcomplexproblems,itcanalsobecounterproductiveifitisnotpracticedintherightway.It’simportanttokeepinmindthatdeliberatedoubtisnotconstantdoubt.Ifwe’recontinuouslydoubtingourownideas,we’llbelesslikelytopursuethemandseethemthroughtocompletion.38Wespendsomuchtimedoubtingeverythingandendupnotdoinganything.39Wecanbecomeself-criticalandunsureofourabilities,whichcanundermineourself-esteem.Asaresult,wemaybetooafraidtotrynewthingsortakerisks.Toavoidthesetraps,it’simportanttostrikeabalancebetweendoubtandcertainty,andtousedoubtasatooltostimulatecreativethinkingandexploration,ratherthanasameansofunderminingourselvesorothers.A．Deliberatedoubtcanalsoleadtoalackofconfidence.B．Butwhenwedoubt,we’reforcedt