《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-七、草地贪夜蛾绿色防控双语版

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草地贪夜蛾绿色防控

GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda

（一）发生与危害情况OccurrenceandHazard

草地贪夜蛾

俗称秋粘虫行军虫等，隶属于鳞翅目夜蛾科害虫，是一种原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区的杂食性害虫，成虫可远距离迁飞。2016年起，草地贪夜蛾侵入至非洲、亚洲各国，并于2019年1月由缅甸侵入我国云南、广西，已在20个省（区、市）发现，为我国的农业生产造成极大的破坏力。SpodopteraFrugiperda:commonlyknownasfallarmyworm,isapestoftheorderLepidopteraandthefamilyNoctuidae.ItisanomnivorouspestnativetothetropicalandsubtropicalregionsoftheAmericas,anditsimagoescanmigratelongdistances.Since2016,SpodopteraFrugiperdahasinvadedcountriesinAfricaandAsia.ItinvadedYunnanandGuangxiofChinafromMyanmarinJanuary2019.Ithasbeenfoundin20provinces(autonomousregionsandmunicipalities),causingsignificantdamagetoChina'sagriculturalproduction.七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda草地贪夜蛾目前有水稻品系和玉米品系两种生态型，被草地贪夜蛾（玉米品系）为害的玉米，减产达20%~70%，甚至绝收。Atpresent,therearetwoecologicaltypesoftheSpodopteraFrugiperda:ricestrainandcornstrain.TheyieldofcorndamagedbytheSpodopteraFrugiperda(cornstrain)isreducedby20%-70%,andevennoharvest.草地贪夜蛾幼虫在玉米上的为害状DamageSymptomsofCornbySpodopteraFrugiperdaLarvae七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda

幼虫为害的植株特征明显：1-3龄幼虫通常隐藏在心叶、叶鞘等部位取食，形成半透明薄膜“窗孔”；4-6龄幼虫取食叶片后形成不规则的长形孔洞，可将整株玉米的叶片取食光，也会钻蛀心叶、未抽出的雄穗及幼嫩雌穗，影响叶片和果穗的正常发育。Thecharacteristicsoftheplantsdamagedbylarvaeareobvious:The1st-3rdinstarlarvaeusuallyhideinthecoreleaves,leafsheaths,andotherpartstofeed,formingtranslucentfilm"windowholes";The4th-6thinstarlarvaefeedontheleavesandformirregularelongatedholes,whichcanfeedontheleavesofthewholeplantofcorn,andalsoborethecoreleaves,unsproutedtassels,andunsproutedyoungfemaleears,affectingthenormaldevelopmentofleavesandfruitclusters.七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda幼虫为害未抽出的雄穗及幼嫩雌穗UnsproutedTasselsandYoungFemaleEarsdamagedbytheLarvae七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda（二）形态识别MorphologicalRecognition1、成虫

Imago体长15-20mm，翅展32-40mm，灰棕色。雄蛾前翅深棕色，顶角向内有一大白斑，翅中部有一黄褐色环状纹，其后为肾形纹，肾形纹内侧有一白色楔形纹。后翅灰白色，边缘有窄褐色带。雌蛾前翅灰褐色，斑纹不明显，环状纹和肾形纹褐色。后翅与雄蛾相似。Thebodylengthis15mm-20mm,thewingspanis32mm-40mm,anditisgrayishbrown.Theforewingsofthemalearedarkbrown,withalargewhitespotinwardattheapicalangle,ayellowish-brownannularstripeinthemiddleofthewings,akidney-shapedstripebehindit,andawhitewedge-shapedstripeinsidethekidney-shapedstripe.Thehindwingsaregrayishwhite,withnarrowbrownbandsatthemargins.Theforewingsofthefemalearegrayishbrown,withinconspicuousstripesandbrownannularandkidney-shapedstripes.Thehindwingsaresimilartothoseofthemale.七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda2、卵

Egg通常100-200粒堆积成块状。卵粒圆顶型，直径约为0.4mm，卵上通常覆盖浅灰色的绒毛，即雌蛾鳞片。初产时为浅绿或白色，孵化前逐渐变为棕色。Usually100-200eggspileupintoeggmasses.Theeggsaredome-shaped,about0.4mmindiameter,andareusuallycoveredwithlightgrayvillus(scalesoffemales).Itislightgreenorwhiteatfirstbirthandgraduallyturnsbrownbeforehatching.七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda3、幼虫

Larva

共6龄，老熟幼虫体长约45mm，体色有浅黄、浅绿、褐色等多种。幼虫标志性特征：①幼虫3龄后，黑色（或橙色）头部具黄白色“倒Y型斑”；②腹部第8节有呈正方形排列的4个黑斑。Thereare6instarsintotal.Thematurelarvaeareabout45mmlongandhavevariousbodycolorssuchaslightyellow,lightgreen,andbrown.Theiconiccharacteristicsoflarvae:①Thethirdoraboveinstarlarvaehaveyellowish-white"invertedY-shapedspots"ontheirblack(ororange)heads;②Thereare4blackspotsarrangedinasquareonthe8thsegmentoftheabdomen.七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda幼虫体色多变VariousBodyColorsofLarvae幼虫各龄期示意图SchematicDiagramofEachInstarofLarvae七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda4、蛹

Pupa

老熟幼虫常在2~8cm的土壤中化蛹，也有在果穗或叶腋处化蛹。蛹呈椭圆形，红棕色，有光泽，长14~18mm，宽4.5mm。Thematurelarvaeoftenpupateinthesoilof2cm-8cm,andalsointhefruitclustersorleafaxils.Thepupaisoval,reddishbrown,glossy,14mm-18mmlong,and4.5mmwide.七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda（三）发生规律OccurrenceRegularity雌蛾可存活21d，平均寿命10dFemalescansurvivefor21days,withanaveragelifespanof10days卵期约3-5dEggstage:about3d-5d幼虫期14-22dLarvalstage:14d-22d蛹期7-13dPupalstage:7d-13d完成一个世代需要24-40dAgenerationiscompletedforabout24-40days七

草地贪夜蛾绿色防控VII.GreenPreventionandControlofSpodopteraFrugiperda（三）

发生规律OccurrenceRegularity寄主广Broadhostrange繁殖力强Highfertility破坏力大Highdestructivepower迁飞能力超强Strongmigrati