《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-六、麦叶蜂绿色防控（双语版）

六

麦叶蜂绿色防控

VI.GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly

（一）发生与为害情况

OccurrenceandDamage小麦叶蜂又称小黏虫，属膜翅目叶蜂科。分布广泛．主要发生在淮河以北麦区，在川渝两地部分麦区时有发生，属间歇性猖獗害虫。为害麦类作物及看麦娘等杂草，以幼虫为害麦叶，从叶边缘向内咬食成缺刻，重者可将麦叶全部吃光。

Wheatsawfly,alsoknownassmallarmyworm,fallsintoTenthredinidae,Hymenoptera.Itiswidelydistributed,mainlyinthewheatregionsnorthofHuaiheRiver,andoccasionallyinsomewheatregionsinSichuanandChongqing.Itisakindofintermittentrampantpest.Itdamagestriticeaecropsandweedssuchasamurfoxtail.Itslarvaedamagewheatleaves,bitinginwardfromtheedgeofaleaftoformanotch,andeatingupallthewheatleavesinseriouscases.六麦叶蜂绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly（二）形态识别

MorphologicalRecognition

1、成虫

体长8～9.8mm，黑色微带蓝色光泽，后胸两侧各有一白斑。翅透明膜质，带有极细的淡黄色斑。胸腹部光滑，散有细刻点。小盾片黑色近三角形，有细稀刻点。

1.Imago.8-9.8mmlong,blackwithslightblueluster,andthereisawhitespotoneachsideofthemetathorax.Transparentandmembranouswings,withverythinyellowishspots.Smooththoraxandabdomen,withscatteredfinepuncta.Smallblackscutellum,nearlytriangular,withfineandthinpuncta.

2、卵

肾形，略扁平，淡黄色，表面光滑。

2.Egg.Kidneyshaped,slightlyflat,lightyellow,andsmoothsurface.

3、幼虫

共5龄，末龄幼虫体长18～19mm，圆筒状，胸部稍粗，腹末稍细，各节具横皱纹。头黄褐色，胸腹部灰绿色，背面暗蓝色，末节背面具暗色斑1对，腹足基部有1暗色斑纹。

3.Larva.5nymphalinstars.Afinal-instarlarvais18-19mmlong,cylindric,withaslightlythickerthorax,aslightlythinnerventralend,andtransversewrinklesateachsegment.Yellowish-brownhead,grayishgreenthoraxandabdomen,darkblueback,withapairofdarkspotsonthebackofthedistalsegment,andadarkstripeonthebaseofthepleopod.

4、蛹

长9.8mm，雄蛹略小，淡黄到棕黑色。头胸部粗大，腹部细小，末端分叉。

4.Pupa.9.8mmlong.Malesareslightlysmaller,yellowishtobrownishblack.Thickandbigcephalothorax,smallabdomen,withbifurcatedends.六麦叶蜂绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly六麦叶蜂绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawflyWheatSawfly六麦叶蜂绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly（三）发生规律

小麦叶蜂在我国1年发生l代，以蛹的形态在土壤20～25cm深处越冬，春季气温回升后开始羽化，成虫用锯状产卵器将卵产在叶片主脉旁边的组织中。l～2龄幼虫终日栖居在麦株上并为害叶片，3龄后，白天潜伏在麦根附件土块下或麦丛中，黄昏转小麦上部危害。幼虫有假死性，受惊动时常身体卷曲成圆圈状坠落。一般于4月中下旬进入危害盛期，5月上中旬老熟幼虫入土作茧休眠，9至10月化蛹越冬。Wheatsawflyhas1generationinayearinChina.Itoverwintersintheformofpupaeatthedepthof20-25cminthesoil,andbeginstoemergeafterthetemperaturerisesinspring.Itsadultsusesaw-shapedovipositorstolayeggsinthetissuesbesidethemainveinsofleaves.Larvaeinthe1stto2ndinstarsinhabitwheatplantsanddamageleavesalldaylong.Afterthe3rdinstar,theylurkunderthesoilblocksnearthewheatrootsorinthewheatbushesduringtheday,anddamagetheupperpartsatdusk.Thelarvaefeigndeath,usuallycurlupandfallinacirclewhentheyarefrightened.Generally,theyenterthepeakperiodofdamageinthemiddleandlateApril.MaturelarvaeenterthesoilinthefirstandmiddleofMaytococoonandsleep,andpupateandoverwinterfromSeptembertoOctober.

麦叶蜂为麦田的偶发性害虫，常年虽有发生，但仅在局部地区发生危害，一般在冬季气温偏高、土壤湿润，春季气温偏低、土壤湿度大时，适宜发生和危害。Wheatsawflyisanoccasionalpestinwheatfields.Althoughitoccursthroughouttheyear,itonlycausesdamageinlocalareas.Generally,itissuitableforoccurrenceanddamagewhenthetemperatureishighandthesoiliswetinwinter,andthetemperatureislowandthesoilhumidityishighinspring.六麦叶蜂绿色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly（四）防治技术

ControlTechnique

1、合理耕作，种麦前深耕，有条件地区实行水旱轮作，可减轻危害。小麦播种前深耕细耙，破坏其化蛹越冬场所，或将休眠蛹翻至土表机械杀死或冻死。1.Reasonabletillage,deeptillagebeforewheatplanting,andpaddy-drylandrotationinareaswhereconditionsareavailablemayreducethedamage.Beforewheatsowing,plowandharrowdeeplytodestroythehibernaculumforpupation,orturnthedormantpupaetothesoilsurfaceandkillthemmechanicallyorfreezethemtodeath.

2、利用幼虫有假死性，早晨或傍晚振动麦株，使幼虫掉落，集中收集并杀死。2.Vibratethewheatplantsinthemorningoreveningtodropthelarvaewhentheyfeigndeath,thencollectandkillthem.

3、药剂防治

一般应掌握在幼虫3龄前进行。可用高效氯氟氰菊酯、阿维·高氯氟、甲维·高氯氟等。3.Chemic