《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-柑橘储藏期病害双语

柑橘储藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod柑橘是目前库区主导农业产业之一，特殊的地理环境造就了这里独特的品质和口感。每年柑橘丰收时，呈现出一片喜人的场景。

Citrusisoneoftheleadingagriculturalindustriesinthereservoirareaatpresent,andthespecialgeographicalenvironmenthascreatedtheuniquequalityandtastehere.Everyyearwhenthecitrusisharvested,therewillbeapleasantscene.然而，在丰收的喜悦背后，往往还隐藏着这样的辛酸。However,behindthejoyofharvest,thereisoftensuchbitternesshidden.1.引起柑橘储藏期病害原因

Causesofdiseasesinstorageperiodofcitrus（1）

采前条件对柑橘品质和耐藏性的影响Impactofpre-harvestconditionsoncitrusqualityandstorability（2）

病害对柑橘储藏的影响

Impactofdiseasesoncitrusstorage柑橘储藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod（1）

采前条件Pre-harvestconditions生态因素EcologicalfactorsAgricultural农业技术因素technologyfactorsWeather采收时天气状况conditionsatharvest采收方法Harvestmethods柑橘储藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod生态因素Ecologicalfactors温度Temperature2)光照Sunshine3)降雨Rainfall4)土壤Soil5)地理条件Geographicalconditions农业技术因素Agriculturaltechnologyfactors施肥Fertilization2)灌溉Irrigation3)喷药Pesticide4)修剪和疏花疏果PruningandFlowerandfruitthinning（1）

采前条件Pre-harvestconditions生态因素Ecologicalfactors农业技术因素technologyfactors采收时天气状况Weatherconditionsatharvest采收方法Harvestmethods柑橘储藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod在下雨时、雨后、重雾或露水未干，或久雨后突然放晴的第一天不要采果。否则采收后的柑橘会由于果皮表面潮湿，而加重储藏性病害的发生。Donotharvestfruitsonthefirstdaywhenitrains,aftertherain,whenthefogordewisnotdry,orwhenitsuddenlyclearsafterrainingforalongtime.Otherwise,thediseaseofharvestedcitruswillbeaggravatedduetothewetpeelsurface.（1）

采前条件Pre-harvestconditions生态因素Ecologicalfactors农业技术因素technologyfactors采收时天气状况Weatherconditionsatharvest采收方法Harvestmethods柑橘储藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod1）用于储藏的果实不能有任何机械伤，以免贮藏期的病菌感染。Thefruitsforstorageshallbefreeofanymechanicalinjurytoavoidinfectionbypathogensduringstorage.2）用于盛果的容器表面要光滑，或者软物垫付。Thesurfaceofthefruitcontainersshallbesmoothorpaddedwithsoftmaterials.3）一株果树的采果程序：应是先外后内，先下后上，要求采用专用采果剪。一果两剪：第一剪果实带果梗在约1厘米处剪下，第二剪（复剪）才齐萼片整齐地剪去果梗。复剪要求剪口平、光滑，不会有果梗过短，伤及萼片，果梗过长会刺伤它果。Fruit-pickingprocedureforafruittree:Theprocedureshallbefromoutsidetoinsideandfrombottomtotop,andspecialfruit-pickingshearshallbeusedforfruitpicking.Twoshearsforonefruit:Thefirstshearistocutoffthefruitwiththepedicelatabout1cm,andthesecondshear(re-shear)istocutoffthepedicelneatlywiththesepalsaligned.Re-shearrequiresaflatandsmoothcut,withouttooshortfruitstalksthatwilldamagethesepalsandtoolongstalksthatwillstabthefruits.果实成熟度Fruitmaturity果品成熟度越高，越不耐储藏Thehigherthematurityoffruits,thelessresistanttostorage柑橘成熟后，糖份转化基本完成，细胞活性下降，抵御病害能力大大下降。Afterthecitrusmatures,thesugarconversionisbasicallycompleted,thecellactivitydecreases,andtheabilitytoresistdiseasesisgreatlydegraded.（2）

储藏期病害Diseasesduringstorage柑橘储藏期期病害Diseasesofcitrusduringstorage柑橘在储藏期如果遭到外界有害生物入侵，或者在生长期间感染的病菌潜伏在体内，都会让其在储藏期表现出各类病害。

Ifthecitrusisintrudedbyexternalpestsduringstorageorthepathogensinfectedduringgrowtharelatentinthebody,itwillshowvariousdiseasesduringstorage.

因此做好库房消毒工作，并在果实采收前2周左右对树冠果实喷施多菌灵等药剂，同样也是减少储藏期病害发生的关键。Therefore,disinfectingthewarehouseandsprayingcarbendazimandotherchemicalsonthecanopyfruitsabout2weeksbeforefruitharvestarealsothekeytoreducingdiseasesduringstorage.青霉病Penicillium绿霉病Greenmold炭疽病Anthrax蒂腐病Pediclerot黑腐病Blackrot酸腐病Acidrot柑橘储藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod2,4-D浸果，可有效减少果蒂脱落，减轻储藏期病害的发生。2,4-Dfruitsoakingcaneffectivelyreducepedicledroppingandreducetheoccurrenceofdiseasesduringstorage.想要减少储藏期病害，你还可以这样做：Toreducediseasesduringstorage,thefollowingmeasurescanbetaken:（1）防止果实受伤在采收及贮运期间防止果实遭受机械损伤。适时采果适当提早采收能预防多种贮藏病害的发生。在下雨时、雨后、重雾或露水未干时不要采果。Preventfruitinjury:Preventfruitsfrommechanicaldamageduringharvesting,storage,andtransportation.Timelyandearlyharvestcanpreventvariousstoragediseases.Donotharvestfruitswhenitrains,afterrain,whenheavyfogordewisnotdry.

（2）果实采收前10天左右对树冠果实喷药，以减少果实带病。可喷70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂1200-1500倍液或50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂1000倍液。

Spraythecanopyfruitsabout10daysbeforefruitharvestingtoreducefruitdiseases.Spray1:1,200–1,500dilutionof70%thiophanate-methylwettablepowdersor1:1,000dilutionof50%carbendazimwettablepowders.柑橘储藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod想要减少储藏期病害，你还可以这样做：Toreducediseasesduringstorage,thefollowingmeasurescanbetaken:（3）药剂浸果处理目前用来浸果最好的防治药物是抑霉唑、咪酰胺。用75%抑霉唑＋2,4-D浸果有很好的防治效果，果实采收后马上进行处理，效果会更好。Chemicalsoakingtreatment.Atpresent,thebestcontroldrugsusedforfruitsoakingare

imazalilandprochloraz.Soakingthefruitwith75%imazalil+2,4-Dhasagoodcontroleffect,andtheeffectwillbebetterifthefruitistreatedimmediatelyafterharvest.Additionof2,4-Dcanreducepedicledroppingandpreventdiseases（4）单果包装储藏采用单果包装比用大袋包装的效果好，用塑料薄膜单果包装比用纸单果包装效果好。

Packagingandstorageofsinglefruits:Thepackagingeffectofsinglefruitsisbetterthanthatofbigbags,andthepackagingeffectofsinglefruitswithplasticfilmisbetterthanthatofsinglefru