Basic Chemistry 基础化学知到智慧树期末考试答案题库2024年秋天津大学

BasicChemistry基础化学知到智慧树期末考试答案题库2024年秋天津大学Asolutionispreparedbydissolving0.60gofnicotine(anonelectrolyte)inwatertomake12mLofsolution.Theosmoticpressureofthesolutionis7.55atmat25°C.Themolecularweightofnicotineis________g/mol.

A:28B:50C:0.6D:43E:160

答案:160Howmuchfasterdoes235UF6effusethan238UF6?

A:1.006timesasfastB:1.018timesasfastC:1.004timesasfastD:1.009timesasfastE:1.013timesasfast

答案:1.004timesasfastWhichofthefollowingisanillustrationofthelawofconstantcomposition?

A:Wateris11%hydrogenand89%oxygenbymassB:WatercanbeseparatedintoothersubstancesbyachemicalprocessC:Waterboilsat100°Cat1atmpressureD:WaterandsalthavedifferentboilingpointsE:Waterisacompound

答案:Wateris11%hydrogenand89%oxygenbymassAnaqueoussolutionofasolublecompound(anonelectrolyte)ispreparedbydissolving33.2gofthecompoundinenoughwatertoform250mLofsolution.Thesolutionhasanosmoticpressureof1.2atmat25.0°CWhatisthemolarmass(g/mL)ofthecompound?

A:6.8×102B:28C:2.3×102D:1.0×103E:2.7×103

答案:2.7×103Thevolumeofasampleofgas(2.49g)was752mLat1.98atmand62°C.Thegasis__________.

A:NeB:NO2C:NH3D:SO2E:SO3

答案:NO2Onacleardayatsealevel,withatemperatureof25°C,thepartialpressureofN2inairis0.78atmandtheconcentrationofnitrogeninwateris5.3×10-4M.WhenthepartialpressureofN2is__________atm,theconcentrationinwateris1.1×10-3M.

A:1.6atmB:0.63atmC:1.0atmD:0.78atmE:2.1atm

答案:1.6atmAfixedamountofgasat25.0°Coccupiesavolumeof10.0Lwhenthepressureis667torr.UseBoyle'slawtocalculatethepressure(torr)whenthevolumeisreducedto7.88Lataconstanttemperatureof25.0°C.

A:846B:0.118C:526D:1.11E:5.26×104

答案:846Afixedamountofgasat25.0°Coccupiesavolumeof10.0Lwhenthepressureis629torr.UseCharles'slawtocalculatethevolume(L)thegaswilloccupywhenthetemperatureisincreasedto121°Cwhilemaintainingthepressureat629torr.

A:7.56B:48.4C:10.9D:13.2E:2.07

答案:13.2Theacid-dissociationconstantforchlorousacid,HClO2,at25.0°Cis1.0×10-2.CalculatetheconcentrationofH+iftheinitialconcentrationofacidis0.10M.

A:3.7×10-2B:1.0×10-3C:1.0×10-2D:2.7×10-2E:3.2×10-2

答案:2.7×10-2Theconcentrationofchlorideioninasolutionthatcontains35.0ppmchlorideis__________%bymass.

A:3.50×10-3B:3.50×10-6C:3.50×102D:3.50×101E:3.50×10-2

答案:3.50×10-3WhatisthecoefficientofO2whenthefollowingequationiscompletedandbalanced?C4H8O2+O2→________

A:2B:6C:5D:1E:3

答案:5At333K,whichofthepairsofgasesbelowwouldhavethemostnearlyidenticalratesofeffusion?

A:N2OandNO2B:COandCO2C:N2andO2D:COandN2E:NO2andN2O4

答案:COandN2Whichoneofthefollowingconcentrationunitsvarieswithtemperature?

A:masspercentB:molalityC:molefractionD:alloftheaboveE:molarity

答案:molarityThenumberofmonkeysinaboatishowmany?

A:113.7B:113.73635C:113.736D:113.74E:1.1×102

答案:1.1×102Theconcentrationofiodideionsinasaturatedsolutionoflead(II)iodideis__________M.ThesolubilityproductconstantofPbI2is1.4×10-8.

A:1.4×10-8B:3.8×10-4C:3.5×10-9D:1.5×10-3E:3.0×10-3

答案:3.0×10-3ThevanderWaalsequationforrealgasesrecognizesthat__________.

A:gasparticleshavenon-zerovolumesandinteractwitheachotherB:themolecularattractionsbetweenparticlesofgasdecreasesthepressureexertedbythegasC:molarvolumesofgasesofdifferenttypesaredifferentD:alloftheabovestatementsaretrueE:thenon-zerovolumesofgasparticleseffectivelydecreasetheamountof"emptyspace"betweenthem

答案:alloftheabovestatementsaretrueHowmanymoleculesofCH4arein48.2gofthiscompound?

A:4B:3C:5.00×1024D:1.81×1024E:2.90×1025

答案:1.81×1024Colligativepropertiesofsolutionsincludeallofthefollowingexcept__________.

A:elevationoftheboilingpointofasolutionuponadditionofasolutetoasolventB:depressionofthefreezingpointofasolutionuponadditionofasolutetoasolventC:anincreaseintheosmoticpressureofasolutionupontheadditionofmoresoluteD:depressionofvaporpressureuponadditionofasolutetoasolventE:theincreaseofreactionrateswithincreaseintemperature

答案:theincreaseofreactionrateswithincreaseintemperatureAmixtureoftwogaseswasallowedtoeffusefromacontainer.Oneofthegasesescapedfromthecontainer1.43timesasfastastheotherone.Thetwogasescouldhavebeen__________.

A:Cl2andSF6B:COandCO2C:O2andCl2D:COandSF6E:O2andSF6

答案:Cl2andSF6A0.100msolutionofwhichoneofthefollowingsoluteswillhavethelowestvapourpressure?

A:Ca(ClO4)2B:KClO4C:NaClD:Al(ClO4)3E:sucrose

答案:Al(ClO4)3TherecommendedadultdoseofElixophyllin,adrugusedtotreatasthma,is6.0mg/kgofbodymass.Calculatethedoseinmilligramsfora115-lbperson.1lb=453.59g.

A:3.1×105B:313C:1.5D:1521E:24

答案:313Whengasesaretreatedasreal,viauseofthevanderWaalsequation,theactualvolumeoccupiedbygasmolecules__________thepressureexertedandtheattractiveforcesbetweengasmolecules__________thepressureexerted,ascomparedtoanidealgas.

A:increases,decreasesB:doesnotaffect,decreasesC:doesnotaffect,increasesD:increases,increasesE:decreases,increases

答案:increases,decreasesThesolubilityoflead(II)chloride(PbCl2)is1.6×10-2M.WhatistheKspofPbCl2

A:1.6×10-5B:3.1×10-7C:4.1×10-6D:5.0×10-4E:1.6×10-2

答案:1.6×10-5Howmanyoxygenatomsarecontainedin2.74gofAl2(SO4)3?

A:12B:7.22×1024C:8.01×10-3D:5.79×1022E:6.02×1023

答案:5.79×1022Inwhichofthefollowingatomsisthe3sorbitalclosesttothenucleus?

A:BrB:AtC:The3sorbitalsarethesamedistancefromthenucleusinalloftheseatoms.D:IE:Cl

答案:AtWhichtwobondsaremostsimilarinpolarity?

A:I–BrandSi–ClB:B–FandCl–FC:Cl–ClandBe–ClD:O–FandCl–FE:Al–ClandI–Br

答案:O–FandCl–FMethaneandethanearebothmadeupofcarbonandhydrogen.Inmethane,thereare12.0gofcarbonforevery4.00gofhydrogen,aratioof3:1bymass.Inethane,thereare24.0gofcarbonforevery6.00gofhydrogen,aratioof4:1bymass.Thisisastatementofthelawof__________.

A:constantcompositionB:conservationofmassC:conservationofmatterD:multipleproportionsE:octaves

答案:multipleproportionsAutomotiveairbagsinflatewhensodiumazidedecomposesexplosivelytoitsconstituentelements:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+3N2(g)HowmanymolesofN2areproducedbythedecompositionof2.88molofsodiumazide?

A:8.64B:1.92C:0.96D:1.44E:4.32

答案:4.32Whichhydroxidesarestrongbases?

A:NoneoftheseisastrongbaseB:KOH,NaOH,Ba(OH)2C:KOH,Ba(OH)2D:KOH,NaOHE:Sr(OH)2,KOH,NaOH,Ba(OH)2

答案:Sr(OH)2,KOH,NaOH,Ba(OH)2Inthenitriteion(NO2-),__________.

A:bothbondsaredoublebondsB:bothbondsarethesameC:thereare20valenceelectronsD:onebondisadoublebondandtheotherisasinglebondE:bothbondsaresinglebonds

答案:bothbondsarethesameThechlorideofwhichofthefollowingmetalsshouldhavethegreatestlatticeenergy?

A:potassiumB:sodiumC:caesiumD:lithiumE:rubidium

答案:lithiumTheinitialortentativeexplanationofanobservationiscalleda(n)__________.

A:hypothesisB:experimentC:lawD:testE:theory

答案:hypothesisAnidealgasdiffersfromarealgasinthatthemoleculesofanidealgas__________.

A:havenoattractionforoneanotherB:havenokineticenergyC:haveappreciablemolecularvolumesD:haveamolecularweightofzeroE:haveanaveragemolecularmass

答案:havenoattractionforoneanotherWhichoneofthefollowingreactionsisaredoxreaction?

A:Noneoftheaboveisaredoxreaction.B:NaOH+HCl→NaCl+H2OC:H2O+NaCl→NaOH+HClD:Pb2++2Cl-→PbCl2E:AgNO3+HCl→HNO3+AgCl

答案:Noneoftheaboveisaredoxreaction.Ofthefollowinggases,__________willhavethegreatestrateofeffusionatagiventemperature.

A:CH4B:HClC:NH3D:HBrE:Ar

答案:CH4Whensolutionsofstrongelectrolytesinwaterareformed,theionsaresurroundedbywatermolecules.Theseinteractionsarebestdescribedasacaseof__________.

A:solvationB:dehydrationC:supersaturationD:hydrationE:crystallization

答案:hydrationThemass%ofCinmethane(CH4)is__________.

A:25.13B:7.743C:133.6D:74.87E:92.26

答案:74.87Astheconcentrationofasoluteinasolutionincreases,thefreezingpointofthesolution__________andthevapourpressureofthesolution__________.

A:increases,decreasesB:increases,increasesC:decreases,increasesD:decreases,decreasesE:decreases,isunaffected

答案:decreases,decreasesOfthehydrogenhalides,only__________isaweakacid.

A:HCl(aq)B:HF(aq)C:HI(aq)D:TheyareallweakacidsE:HBr(aq)

答案:HF(aq)Ofthefollowing,__________isavalidstatementofCharles'law.

A:V=constant×nB:PV=constantC:V=constant×PD:V/T=constantE:P/T=constant

答案:V/T=constantAnelectroncannothavethequantumnumbersn=__________,l=__________,ml=__________.

A:1,1,1B:2,0,0C:2,1,-1D:3,2,1E:3,1,-1

答案:1,1,1TheLewisstructureofHCN(HbondedtoC)showsthat__________has__________nonbondingelectronpairs.

A:C,2B:N,2C:C,1D:N,1E:H,1

答案:N,1Thereactionusedtoinflateautomobileairbags__________.

A:producessodiumgasB:isadecompositionreactionC:isacombustionreactionD:isacombinationreactionE:violatesthelawofconservationofmass

答案:isadecompositionreactionWhichofthefollowingliquidswillhavethelowestfreezingpoint?

A:aqueousNaI(0.030m)B:aqueousFeI3(0.030m)C:aqueousglucose(0.050m)D:pureH2OE:aqueousCoI2(0.030m)

答案:aqueousFeI3(0.030m)Cl2(g)+H2O(l)→________

A:2HCl(aq)+O2(g)B:HCl(aq)+HOCl(aq)C:Cl2(aq)+H2O(l)D:2HCl(aq)+O2-(g)E:2Cl-(aq)+H2O(l)

答案:HCl(aq)+HOCl(aq)Classifythefollowingcompoundsasweakbases(W)orstrongbases(S):ammonia,fluorideionandsodiumhydroxide.

A:SSSB:SWWC:WSWD:WSSE:WWS

答案:WWSWhichgroup16elementisametal?

A:seleniumB:poloniumC:telluriumD:sulfurE:telluriumandpolonium

答案:poloniumTheaveragekineticenergyoftheparticlesofagasisdirectlyproportionalto__________.

A:thermsspeedB:thesquareofthermsspeedC:thesquareoftheparticlemassD:thesquarerootofthermsspeedE:theparticlemass

答案:thesquareofthermsspeed__________solidsconsistofatomsormoleculesheldtogetherbydipole-dipoleforces,Londondispersionforces,and/orhydrogenbonds.

A:MolecularB:Metallicandcovalent-networkC:MetallicD:Covalent-networkE:Ionic

答案:MolecularTheelectronconfigurationofaground-stateAgatomis__________.

A:[Ar]4s24d9B:[Ar]4s14d10C:[Kr]5s14d10D:[Kr]5s23d9E:[Kr]5s24d10

答案:[Kr]5s14d10Aclosed-endmanometerwasattachedtoavesselcontainingargon.Thedifferenceinthemercurylevelsinthetwoarmsofthemanometerwas12.2cm.Atmosphericpressurewas783mmHg.Thepressureoftheargoninthecontainerwas__________mmHg.

A:795B:771C:882D:122E:661

答案:122Whichofthefollowingisnotacolloid?

A:whippedcreamB:smokeC:homogenizedmilkD:airE:fog

答案:airThecorrectnameforSrOis__________.

A:strontiumperoxideB:strontiumoxideC:strontiumhydroxideD:strontiummonoxideE:strontiumdioxide

答案:strontiumoxideThereare__________orbitalsinthethirdshell.

A:25B:9C:1D:4E:16

答案:9Theatomicnumberindicates__________.

A:thenumberofatomsin1gofanelementB:thetotalnumberofneutronsandprotonsinanucleusC:thenumberofneutronsinanucleusD:thenumberofprotonsorelectronsinaneutralatomE:thenumberofdifferentisotopesofanelement

答案:thenumberofprotonsorelectronsinaneutralatom__________isthechemicalsymbolforelementalsodium.

A:SB:WC:SnD:SoE:Na

答案:NaThemostcommonandstableallotropeofsulfuris__________.

A:S4B:S8C:SD:SulfurdoesnotformallotropesE:S2

答案:S8Metalscanbe__________atroomtemperature.

A:solid,liquid,orgasB:liquidorgasC:solidorliquidD:liquidonlyE:solidonly

答案:solidorliquidOfthefollowingtransitionsintheBohrhydrogenatom,the__________transitionresultsintheemissionofthehighest-energyphoton.

A:n=1→n=4B:n=6→n=3C:n=3→n=6D:n=1→n=6E:n=6→n=1

答案:n=6→n=1Ofthefollowingstatements,__________isnottrueforoxygen.

A:Oxygenformsperoxideandsuperoxideanions.B:Oxygenisacolourlessgasatroomtemperature.C:ThechemicalformulaofozoneisO3.D:Dryairisabout79%oxygen.E:ThemoststableallotropeofoxygenisO2.

答案:Dryairisabout79%oxygen.Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientsare__________.Al(NO3)3+Na2S→Al2S3+NaNO3

A:4,6,3,2B:2,1,3,2C:2