Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures P29新人教版 选择性必修三

DiscoveringUsefulStructures

P29

新人教版选择性必修Book3

Unit3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONLead-in观察对话，完成下面的句型转换。1.LiLeisaid,“I'mquitesureaboutit.”LiLeisaidthat_________quitesureaboutit.2.Jimsaid,“Ihaven'tseeyoutoday.”Jimsaidthat________________________.3.Theteacheraskedme,“Doyouhavedifficultyworkingitout?”Theteacheraskedme_______________________.hewashehadn'tseenmethatdaywhether/ifIhaddifficultyworkingitoutIknowit.IsaidIknewit.Whatdidyousay?Workingroups.Lookatthesentencesinbothcolumnsanddiscussthedifferencesbetweeneachpair.Summarisetherulesforchangingdirectspeechintoindirectspeech.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech1Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”Thereporteraskedthatwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4“Let'sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Rules:Directspeechreportstheexactwordsofthespeaker.Indirectspeechreportswhataspeakersaidinourownwords.Therearesomegrammaticaldifferencesbetweendirectandindirectspeeches.Ifwewanttochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech,wewillchangetenses,pronouns,andotherwordswhennecessary.First,ifaverbinquotationmarksisinpresenttense,changetocorrespondingpasttense;ifaverbisinsimplepasttense,changetopastperfecttense.Second,personpronounschangeaccordingtothepersonoftheobjectofthereportingverb.Third,adverbsthatshownearnessindirectspeech.Forexample,nowchangestothen;todaychangestothatday;herechangestothere.Summary直接引语和间接引语DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech一.定义：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。例句：Thegirlsaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.Note:1.引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。2.间接引语不用逗号，引号；间接引语要考虑人称，时态，时间状语，地点状语和指示代词的变化。二.直接引语和间接引语的变化1.人称变化一随主直接引语中的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致Hesays,“Ilikemathverymuch.”Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.二随宾直接引语中的第二人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.三不变直接引语的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.2.时态变化（主句为一般过去时）

直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时Note:

1.主句是一般现在时态时，从句可以根据意思使用相应的时态。例句：ShesaysthatshewasgoingtobuyaCD.ShesaysthatshewenttobuyaCD2.

直接引语是客观真理，谚语和格言时，时态不变。例句：

“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.”theteachertoldme.Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth3.直接引语中有具体的过去时间状语时，时态不变。例句：Tomsaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3.指示代词，时间，地点状语及方向性动词的变化。项目直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间nowtodaytonightthisweekyesterdaylastweekthenthatdaythatnightthatweekthedaybeforetheweekbefore地点herethere动词comebringgotake例句：Hesaid,“Itisnineo’clocknow.”Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehaven’tseenherthatday.Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”Hesaidthattheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.4.连接词和语序变化项目连接词语序陈述句that或省略不变一般疑问句引述动词后加上if或whether陈述语序特殊疑问句连接词不变陈述语序祈使句无连接词不变例句：Hesaidtome,“Youcanhelpher.”Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher.Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?”Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.Heaskedme,“Whatcolourdoyoulike?”HeaskedmewhatcolourIliked.Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”Heaskedmenottobelate.1.HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKate_______________________.2.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?”Sheaskedme__________________________toreadnewspapers.3.Thegeographyteachersaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Thegeographyteachersaid___________________thansound.4.“Listentomeanddon’tmakesomuchnoise,children!”saidtheteacher.Theteacher_______________________________.howhersisterwasthenwhether/ifIoftenwenttherelighttravelsmuchfasteraskedthechildrentolistentohimandnottomakesomuchnoise即学即用Herearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.Diane“WhatmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual?”“WasittheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory?”DianeDianeaskedwhathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.Dianeaskedif/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.2Martha“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”“I'mdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.”MarthaMarthasaidthatshewantedtobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Marthasaidthatshewasdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.Bob“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic?”“Couldyouexplainhowthenucleardisasterhappened?”BobBobaskedwhynuclearpowerwassuchasensitivetopic.Bobaskedif/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.Laura“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting?”“Whatcanwedotohelpwildanimals?”LauraLauraaskedhowmanyanimalshaddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.Vincent“I'veneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.”“Willscientistsdiscovernewspeciesthere?”VincentVincentsaidthathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.Vincentaskedwhether/ifscientistswo