新版译林高中英语课件教案练习选择性必修三 Unit 3 Back to the past（B卷·提升能力）（原卷版）

Unit3Backtothepast测试（B卷·提升能力）（时间：100分钟，满分：120分）第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2021·浙江省桐庐中学高二阶段练习）Today,environmentalproblemshavetakenoverasthegreatestrisktolifeonEarth.Scientistsarethinkingofwaystolowerthisrisk,suchasreplacingcoalandoilwithformsofrenewableenergy.Buttheyarealsopreparingfortheworst:whatisourPlanBforEarth?Oneoptionistoexploreotherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.ThemostlikelychoiceisMars,whichisrelativelyclosetoEarth.Marshasfascinatedpeoplesinceancienttimes.Sincethe1960s,wehavebeensendingunmannedspacecrafttoMars.Ourprobes(探测器)haveorbitedtheplanet,sendingbackvaluabledataandstunningimages.OurrobotshaveexploredtheMartiansurface,testingthesoilandsearchingforresources,waterandsignsoflife.Encouragedbydiscoveriesovertheyear,spaceagenciesofvariouscountiesarepanningmannedmissionstoMarsthatcouldtakeplacewithinthenext25years.NodoubtthathumankindisdrawntowardsMars,withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.However,sendingpeopletherewillrequireallthesill,courageandintelligenceofthehumanrace.WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays,itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,travellingthroughdangeroussolarradiation(辐射).AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely,theymaynotbeabletoreturntoEarthever.Stayingalivewillbeadailychallenge,butasprovedbytheBiosphere2experiment,notimpossible.Althoughthetwo-yearexperimentwasnotasuccess,itdidprovideuswithabetterunderstandingofhowhumansmightbeabletoliveonanotherplanet.Morerecently,scientistshavesucceededingrowingavarietyofplantsinanenvironmentsimilartothatonMars.Thatdefinitelyisabigstepforward.Fornow,humansettlementofMarsisstilldecadesaway.Untilwearefinallyabletoliveonanotherplanet,weneedtotakemuchbettercareofourown.Rightnow,it'stheonlyonewehave!1．PlanBforEarthisaimedat________.A．developingrenewableenergyresourcesB．seekingplanetsforhumans'secondhomeC．reducingtheenvironmentalrisktolifeonEarthD．findingthebestlocationofconductingspacemissions2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhythesettlementofMarsisdifficult?A．ItisverychallengingtosurviveonMars.B．ThejourneytoMarsmightbequitelongandrisky.C．TherehasbeennogreatprogressinstudyingMarsyet.D．Humanshaven'tfullyunderstoodhowtheymightliveonMars.3．Inwhichmagazinewouldyoumostlikelyreadthistext?A．TheTraveller B．AllAboutSpaceC．BiologyforFun D．EnvironmentalConcernsB（2022·江苏如东·高二期末）Inthewavesofhumanexplorationintospace,ourbraveChinesepeoplehaveneverstoppedthepaceofadvancing.Injusthalfacentury,Chinahasmaderemarkablespaceexplorationsuccess.Afterlandingprobes(探测器)onthelunarandMartiansurfaces,Chinahasbeguntosetitsexploratorysightsonthecoreofoursolarsystem—thesun.NamedXiheafterthesungoddessinancientChinesemythology,the500-kilogramChineseH-AlphaSolarExplorersatellitewaslaunchedonOct.14fromtheTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterinShanxiprovince.ThespacecraftisChina’sfirstspace-basedsolartelescopeandisdesignedtoworkforatleastthreeyears,WangWei,projectmanagerofthesatellite,toldChinaDaily.TheH-alphabandisoneofthebestspectral(光谱的)linestostudysolaractivity,accordingtotheGlobalTimes.“Theinstrumentisabletoobserveandrecordchangesinthesun’sphysicalelementslikeitstemperatureandspeed,facilitatingscientists’studiesaboutthedynamicsandphysicsduringasolareruption,”WangtoldChinaDaily.SeveralChinesesatellites,suchastheFengyun3Emeteorologicalsatellite,havecarriedequipmentthatcancollectsolardata,butXiheisthefirstoneintendedforsolarobservation.“SincesolaractivityhasmanyeffectsonlifeonEarth,itisimportantformankindtostudythesun,”ZhaoJian,aseniorofficialattheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,toldChinaDaily.Sincethe1960s,NASAhassentdozensofsolarorbiterstocirclethesun,andin2004,theGenesisspacecraftreturnedasampleofsolarwind.ThemostrecentlylaunchedsolarmissionwasParkerSolarProbein2018.EuropeandJapanalsohavesolarmissions,accordingtotheSouthChinaMorningPost.“OurcountryisrankedNo.2intheworldintermsofpublishedresearchpapersonsolarobservations,butallofthesatellite-generateddatausedbyourscientistsarefromforeignspacecraft,”ZhaotoldChinaDaily.“Xihewillputanendtothedependenceonforeignsatellites,andwewillshareitsproductswithresearchersaroundtheworld.”4．WhatdoweknowaboutXihe?A．Itisexpectedtoworkforfiveyears.B．Itisahalf-tonscientificresearchsatellite.C．ItisnamedafteranancientChinesescientist.D．Itistheworld’sfirstsolarobservationsatellite.5．WhatisthemaintaskofXiheaccordingtothetext?A．Toobserveothersatellitesaroundthesun.B．Toadjustthetemperatureandspeedofthesun.C．TostudyhowsolaractivityaffectslifeonEarth.D．Tomonitorchangesinthesun’sphysicalelements.6．Whyisitessentialtodoresearchonthesun?A．Ithelpsscientistslearnmoreaboutsolarhistory.B．Solareruptionsmaybringhumanbeingsdisasters.C．Ourrelianceonforeignsatelliteswillcometoanend.D．CreaturesonEartharegreatlyaffectedbysolaractivity.7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．TheadvantagesoftheXihesatellite.B．ThesignificanceoftheXihemission.C．ThehistoryofChina’sspaceexploration.D．Thewayssatellite-generateddataarecollected.C（2022·浙江慈溪·高二期末）AdemonstrationmissiontotestanideaofcleaningupspacejunkwaslaunchedthismorninginKazakhstan.KnownasELSA-D,themissionwillexhibittechnologythatcanhelpdealwithspacejunk.ThespacecraftworksbyattemptingtoattachitselftodeadsatellitesandpushingthemtowardtheEarthtoburnupintheatmosphere.ELSA-D,whichstandsforEnd-of-lifeServicesbyAstroscale,willbecarriedoutbya“servicerspacecraft”anda“clientsatellite”thatarelaunchedtogether,accordingtoAstroscale,spacecraftwillreleaseandtrytomeetwiththeclientsatellite,whichwillactasapieceofspacejunk.Themissionwillcarryoutthiscatch-and-releaseprocessrepeatedlyoverthecourseofsixmonths.Thegoalistoprovetheservicer’sabilitytotrackdownanddockwithitstargetinvaryinglevelsofcomplexity.However,thespacecraftisnotdesignedtodealwithdeadsatellitesalreadyinorbit,butratherfuturesatellitesthatwouldbelaunchedwithdockingplatesonthem.Spacejunkhasbeenagrowingproblemforyears.AccordingtoarecentreportbyNASA,atleast26,000ofthemillionsofpiecesofspacejunkarethesizeofasoftball.Orbitingalongat17,500mph,theycoulddestroyasatellite.Andthemostcommonspacejunk,morethan100millionpieces,isthesizeofagrainofsaltandcouldmakeholesinaspacesuit,amplifyingrisktospacecraftandcrew.Thedevelopmentofothercleanuptechnologieshasbeenunderwayforyears.In2016,Japan’sspaceagencysenta700-meterchainintospacetotrytoslowdownandredirectspacejunk.In2018,adevicecalledRemoveDebrissuccessfullycastanetaroundalargepieceofspacejunk.TheseeffortscouldproveincreasinglyimportantasprivatespaceprojectslikeSpaceXcontinuetofilllowEarthorbitinamessyway.8．Howwilltheservicerspacecraftfunction?A．Bybreakingspacejunkintopieces.B．BypushingspacejunktowardstheEarth.C．Byaddingdockingplatestoclientsatellites.D．BydrawingdeadsatellitesawayfromtheEarth.9．Whatkindofspacejunkwilltheservicermainlydealwith?A．Deadsatellitesinorbit.B．Largepiecesofspacejunk.C．Satellitestobelaunchedwithdockingplates.D．Spacejunkaroundworkingsatellitesinamessyway.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“amplifying”inParagraph4?A．increasing B．removingC．examining D．transporting11．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Spaceresearchisbecomingimportant.B．Thefunctionofartificialsatellitesisvarious.C．It’snecessarytoconducttheclear-upmission.D．SpaceXplaysanimportantroleinsendingsatellites.D（2021·广东汕尾·高二期末）NASAhasflownanaircraftonanotherplanetforthefirsttime.OnMonday,April19,Ingenuity,a1.8-kilogramdrone(无人机)helicopter,tookofffromthesurfaceofMars,flewupaboutthreemeters,thenhoveredfor40secondsandtookphotosabovewithoneofitstwocameras.ThehistoricmomentwaslivestreamedonYouTube.“Wecannowsaythathumanbeingshaveflownadronehelicopteronanotherplanet,”saidMiMiAung,theIngenuityMarsHelicopterprojectmanageratNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratory,atapressconference.“We,together,flewatMars,andwe,together,nowhaveourWrightbrothersmoment,”sheadded,referringtothefirstpoweredairplaneflightonEarthin1903.Thedetails:Theflightwasasignificanttechnicalchallenge,thankstoMars'sbone-chillingtemperatures(nightscandropdownto-130°F/-90°C)anditsincrediblythinatmosphere—just1%thedensityofEarth's.ThatmeantIngenuityhadtobelight,withrotorblades(螺旋桨)thatwerebiggerandfasterthanwouldbeneededtoachieveliftoffonEarth(althoughthegravityonMars,whichisonlyaboutone-thirdofEarth's,workedinitsfavor).TheflighthadoriginallybeenscheduledtotakeplaceonApril11butwasdelayedbysoftwareissues.Whyit'ssignificant:BeyondbeingasignificantmilestoneforMarsexploration,theflightwillalsopavethewayforengineerstothinkaboutnewwaystoexploreotherplanets.Futuredronehelicopterscouldhelpastronautsbyscopingoutlocations,exploringinaccessibleareas,andcapturingimages.IngenuitywillalsohelpinformthedesignofDragonfly,acar-sizedronethatNASAisplanningtosendtoSaturn'smoonTitanin2027.What'snext:Inthenextfewweeks,Ingenuitywillconductfourmoreflights,eachlastingupto90seconds.EachoneisdesignedtofurtherpushthelimitsofIngenuity'scapabilities.Ingenuityisonlydesignedtolastfor30Martiandays,andisexpectedtostopfunctioningaroundMay4.ItsfinalrestingplacewillbeintheJezeroCraterasNASAmovesontothemainfocusofitsmission:GettingthePerseverancerover(毅力号火星探测器)tostudyMarsforevidenceoflife.12．WhydoesMiMiAungmentionWrightbrothers?A．TohonorthehistoriccontributionofWrightbrothers.B．TomakeacomparisonbetweenWrightbrothersandherself.C．TohighlighttheimportanceofIngenuity'sMartianexploration.D．ToremindthepublicofthefirstpoweredairplaneflightonEarth.13．WhatcausedchallengesforIngenuitydesigners?A．Thedelayofsoftwaretests.B．TheforceofgravityonMars.C．Mars'stemperaturesandatmosphere.D．TechnicaldifficultyinliftoffonEarth.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“milestone”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Agreatvictory. B．Adifficulttask.C．Aroadsidestone. D．Ahistoricevent.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．MarsDroneHelicopterMakesHistoricFirstFlightB．ModernWrightBrothersMoment:MarsExplorationC．FirstDroneHelicopterSpotsEvidenceofLifeonMarsD．Ingenuity:MarsDroneFliestoTakeIncrediblePictures第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2020·全国·高二课时练习）A24-year-oldfemalespacecommander(指挥员)ZhouChengyuhasbeenaheatedtopiconWeibosinceChinesestatemediahighlightedherasoneofthewomeninvolvedinthesuccessfullaunchoftheChang'e-5lunarprobe(月球探测器)on23November.Socialmediausershavebeenreferringtoherasa"sourceofpride"forthecountry.____16____Severalpeoplejokinglyreflectedontheirownachievements,commentinghowfarbehindinlifetheywereincomparison.Startingin2004,theChang'eProgrammeconsistsofthreestagesof"orbiting","landing"and"returning".__17__InDecember2013,thegoalofChina'sfirstsoftlandingonthelunarsurfaceandgroundexplorationontheMoonwasachievedbythelanderandYutuLunarRoverofChang'e-3.Lastyear,Chang'e-4probemadethefirst-eversoftlandingonthefarsideofthemoon.TheChang'e-5missionisChina'sthirdsuccessfulMoonlandinginsevenyears.___18___Ifsuccessful,ChinawouldbethethirdcountrytobringlunarsamplesbacktoEarthaftertheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.MostChineseknowthestoryofthemythologicalChang'e,theChinesegoddessofthemoon.Peoplecan'theartheword"Chang'e"withoutpicturingromanticimagesofamoongoddess.___19___AndsopicturesofZhouChengyuhavebeenalloverstatemedia,withcommentsabouthowsheisa"front-linesoldierinthefieldofaerospace"anda"bigsister"thatyoungChinesecanlookupto.However,thehugeamountofinterestintheGuizhouProvincenativehasnotappearedtohavehadmuchofaneffectonher.____20____A．Herstoryinparticularhasinspiredthepublic,consideringheryoungage.B．Sherefusedrepeatedrequestsforinterviewsinordertofocusonherwork.C．However,Chinahasbeentryingtohighlightstrongfemalefiguresinthecountry.D．Despiteheryoungage,ZhouisnowworkingatWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSite.E．Itsaimistogatherlunarrocksandsoiltohelpscientistslearnmoreaboutthemoon.F．Forthisreason,China'smissiontothemoonwascallingoutforastrongfemalefigure(女性形象).G．Chinacompletedthe"orbiting"phasebylaunchingChang'e-1andChang'e-2lunarprobesin2007and2010.第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2021·湖北宜昌·高二期中）WhenNASAastronautsBobBehnkenandDougHurleytookofffromtheKennedySpaceCenterinFloridaonSaturday,theymarkedthefirstsuccessfulrocketlaunch（发射）offAmericansoilinnineyears.However,itwasalsoafirstintheirclose____21____whichhasdevelopedovertheir20-yearworkatNASA．“Beingluckyenoughto____22____withyourbestfriendissomeastronauts’wishandwe’reluckyenough,”explained53-year-oldHurley.Thetwoastronautshad____23____themission（使命）,whichsawthem____24____landontheInternationalSpaceStation,overatwo-yearperiod.Whiletheywerefriendsbefore,inthistimetheycouldreallyseeeachother’sweaknessesand____25____.Andthey’re____26____thattheexperiencemadethemeven____27____together.SowhentheyclimbedintotheirspacesuitsandtheSpaceXCrewDragonspacecraft,thetwomenwere____28____notonlyintheirtechnicalskills,butin____29____thatthey’dhaveeachother’sbacks.Theircloserelationshiphasdevelopedpartlyfromshared_____30_____experiences.Theyboth_____31_____womenwhoplayedrolesinspacemissions.Andthe_____32_____offatherhoodisveryimportantforbothmen:Behnkenhasasix-year-oldson,Theodore,andHurleyhasa10-year-oldson,Jack.Withthetwoastronautslivingtheir_____33_____ofheadingintospaceasbestfriends,themissionwillhopefullyendwiththetwoofthemlandingsafelyintothecoolwatersoftheAtlantic.Afterthey_____34_____theirwork,theycansharethe_____35_____withtheirfamiliestogetheroncethey’rebackonEarth.21．A．idea B．birth C．fight D．friendship22．A．survive B．argue C．fly D．teach23．A．thoughtof B．preparedfor C．cutdown D．madeup24．A．successfully B．frequently C．violently D．casually25．A．changes B．memories C．strengths D．appearances26．A．terrified B．guilty C．anxious D．grateful27．A．faster B．closer C．taller D．smarter28．A．comfortable B．worried C．sad D．puzzled29．A．pretending B．wishing C．forgetting D．knowing30．A．learning B．travel C．family D．work31．A．saved B．married C．forgave D．admired32．A．question B．harm C．record D．role33．A．secret B．hobby C．habit D．dream34．A．finish B．combine C．plan D．seek35．A．expression B．experience C．scene D．manner第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2021·上海普陀·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。BillionairesRacetoSpaceInlateJuly2021,JeffBezosachievedanout-of-this-worldambition.ThebillionairefounderofAmazon____36____(fly)totheedgeofspace—62miles(100kilometers)aboveEarth’ssurface—onarocketdesignedbyhiscompanyBlueOrigin.“Bestdayever,”BezossaidovertheradiotomissioncontrolafterlandingsafelybackonEarth,____37____othersweren’tsoimpressed.Theycalledthemissionanenormouswasteofmoney.Bezos,theyargued,____38____bespendinghisbillionstoimprovethingsonEarth.Bezoswasn’tthefirstbillionairetosethissightsonspace.Norwashethefirst____39____(criticize)aboutwastingenormouspersonalwealth.Aweek____40____theAmazonfoundermadehistory,businessownerRichardBransondid,too.Bransonbecamethefirstpersontoflytospaceonarockethehelpedfund,____41____(develop)byhiscompanyVirginGalactic.Criticssaythatthemoney____42____(go)towardcommercialspacetravelwouldbebetterspenton____43____theyseeasmoreimportantpursuits.Theseincludeworkingtocurediseases,reducingpoverty,andhelpingtosolvetheclimatecrisis.Besides,launchingspacecraftsisharmfultotheplanet,criticsdeclare.____44____naturalistHollyHaworthpointedoutinSierramagazine,“travelinginrocketsisarguablythemostcarbon-emittingthinganindividualcando.”Butsupportersofcommercialspacetravelarguethatitdoesbenefithumanity.Personalfunds_____45_____(put)towardhigh-payingjobsandanewindustry.That’smoneytheycouldhavespentonnewlimousinesorvillasforthemselves,supporterssay.Plus,theircompaniesareinvestinginnewtechnologiesthatincreaseaccesstospaceanddriveinnovationinotherareasaswell.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）应用文写作（满分15分)（2022·江西赣州·高三期末）假定你是李华。为了让同学们更好地了解我国航天发展的历史、学习中国航天精神，上周六你校学生会举办了第一届校园航天展。请为你校英文报写一篇英文报道，内容包括：1.展览的时间和地点；2.具体安排；3.你的感受。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：aerospaceexhibition航天展________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)（2022·广东阳江·高二期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。InJanuary2020,mylifewasn’tjustgreat.Iwastheyoungestinmyamazinggroupofbestfriends,Ihadmanagedtosecure8spotontheswimteam.ThenwhenFebruarybegan,IhadthebestSweetSixteenagirlcouldaskfor.Shortlyaftermybirthday,myteamtraveledforweekinHawaii.Littledidweknowwewouldreturntochaosandacompletechangeofourwayoflife.ItwasMarch13andtherewastalkofschoolshuttingdownfortwoweeks.Wewereallexcited,butontopofthenewsoftheday,somestudentspulledthefirealarmandwefoundourselvesinthepouringrainonthe