2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二 ）试题

2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语（二）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

®Happypeopleworkdifferently.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotake

greaterrisks.@Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence]firmswork,too.

①Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentieseaichpapci.

2______,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).②That'sbecause

happinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.

@Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewith

happinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested.②SotheycomparedU.S.cities'averagehappiness

6____byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfinnsinthoseareas.

①7enough,finns'investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessof

theareainwhichtheywere8.(2)Butisitreallyhappinessthat'slinkedtoinvestment,orcould

somethingelseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?@Tofindout,the

researcherscontrolledforvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest—likesize,

industry,andsales-andforindicatorsthataplacewas1Itolivein.likegrowthinwagesor

population.@Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12evenafteraccounting

forthesethings.

®Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,

whichtheauthors13to“lesscodifieddecisionmakingprocess“andthepossiblepresenceof

'"youngerandless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.^^②The

relationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16.③Firms

seemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappiness

inequality.

①17thisdoesn'tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-term

view,theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.②It'snothardtoimaginethatlocal

cultureandsentimentwouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.③“Itsurelyseems

plausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmore

thantheaverage,nsaidoneresearcher.

1.[A]why[B]how[C]where(D]when

2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion

3.[A]necessary[B]famous[C]perfect[D]sufficient

4.[AJindividualism[B]realism[CJoptimism[D]modernism

5.[A]miss[B]echo[C]spoil[D]change

6.[AJimaginedIB]measured[CJassumed[D]invented

7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[ClUnfortunate[D]Often

8.[A]divided[B]advertised[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered

9.[A]summarize[B]overstate[Clexplain[D]emphasize

10.[A]factors[B]stages[C]levels[D]methods

11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reliable[D]reputable

12.[A]resumed[B]emerged[C]held[D]broke

13.[A]assign[B]attribute[C]transfer[D]compare

14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced

15.[A]instead[B]thus[C]also[D]never

16.[A]rapidly[B]directly[C]regularly[D]equally

17.[A]While[B]Until[C]After[D]Since

18.[A]arrivesIB]jumps[CJhints[D]strikes

19.[A]share[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]shape

20.[AJprayfor[B]leantowaids[C]sendout(D]giveaway

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Mark

youranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

①It'struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputersciencein

college.©Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTom

Cortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon'sSchoolofComputerScience.

①However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.②Whenyoungerkidslearncomputer

science,theylearnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers-butatoolto

buildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.③It'snotashardfbrthemtotransformtheir

thoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.©Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksand

usingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.©Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethe

numberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

©Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,where

introductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experienced

or-determinedstudentsaway.

①TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytoleamprogramming,startedasoneofthemany

codingbootcampsthat'sbecomepopularfbradultslookingfbracareerchange.®Thehigh-

schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey5reinterestedin,“

saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.(3)Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredeveloping

suggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

©ThesiudenisintheFlatironclassprobablywon'tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenext

Facebook.©Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails''languagethey

learnedmaynotevenberelevantby:hctimetheyenterthejobmarket.③Buttheskillstheylearn一

howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applyioanycodinglanguage,

saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantfbrthestateofNorthCarolina.

©Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.②Buicreatingafuturearmyof

codersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.③Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedby

computers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes-fbrtherestoftheirlives.©The

youngertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant一

theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto.

A.completefuturejobtraining

B.remodelthewayofthinking

C.formulatelogicalhypotheses

D.perfectartworkproduction

22.Indeliveringlessonsfbrhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir____.

A.experience

B.interest

C.careerprospects

D.academicbackgrounds

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill____.

A.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

B.havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

C.needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

D.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto.

A.bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

B.staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

C.becomebetterpreparedfbrthedigitalizedworld

D.competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

25.Theword“coax”(Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.persuade

B.frighten

C.misguide

D.challenge

Text2

①Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens—akindofbirdliving

onstretchinggrasslands-oncelentredtotheoftengreylandscapeofthemidwesternand

southwesternUnitedStates.®Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%of

thespecies*historicrange.

®ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedto

formallylistthebirdasthreatened.®uThelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation/5said

USFWSDirectorDanielAshe.©Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.④They

hadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,“astatusthatgivesfederalofficials

greaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.⑤ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe

“threatened“taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallyless

confrontationalconservationapproaches.@Inparticular,theycalledforforgingcloser

collaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction,andwith

theprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken'shabitat.

①Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownersor

businessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-

widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.©NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,

theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopay

intoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.③Thefundwill

alsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.®USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalof

restoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.

@AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionof

stateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.©Overall,theideaistolet"statesremaininthe

driver'sseatfbrmanagingthespecies,“Ashesaid.

①Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.②SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblockthe

plan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsare

challengingitinfederalcourt.③Nolsurprisingly,industrygroupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoes

toofar;environmentalistssayitdoesn'tgofarenough.®t4Thefederalgovernmentisgiving

responsibilityfbrmanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,says

biologistJayLininger.

26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairiechickenasthreatenedis____.

A.itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation

B.theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage

C.adesperateappealfromsomebiologists

D.theinsistenceofprivatelancowners

27.The“threatened“tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit.

A.wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure

B.wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction

C.grantedlessfederalregulatorypower

D.wentagainstconservationpolicies

28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedif

they.

A.agreetopayasumforcompensation

B.volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat

C.offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob

D.promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations

29.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesis.

A.thefederalgovernment

B.thewildlifeagencies

C.thelandowners

D.thestates

30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport.

A.industrygroups

B.thewin-winrhetoric

C.environmentalgroups

D.theplanunderchallenge

Text3

©Thateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisacliche.②Butonespecificcomplaintismade

especiallymournfully:There'sneveranytimetoread.

①Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tseem

sufficient.②Theweb'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:"GiveupTV"or"Carry

abookwithyouatalltimes."③Buiinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30

minutesdoesn'twork.@Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeeps

spinning-orelseyou'resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook'sthelastthingyouneed.⑤The

modemmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtoward

communication...@Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedto

interruption.^^⑦Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan'tbe

obtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.

©Inf^ct,“becomingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.©Thinkingoftimeasaresource

tobemaximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspent

onlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.©Immersivereading,bycontrast,depends

onbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.®Trytoslotitinasato-do

listitemandyou'llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemost

fulfillingkind.⑤“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfinite

conveyorbelt,^^writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthese

different-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,we

willhavewastedihem."©Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.

©Sowhatdoeswork?©Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.③You'd

thinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviour

helpsus“stepoutsidetime'sflow^^into“soul④Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonly

physicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.⑤“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactually

work,too—providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhich

youtemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.©Onareallygood

day,itnolongerfeelsasifyou're"makingtimetoread,^^butjustreading,andmakingtimefor

everythingelse.

31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tworkbecause___.

A.whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodemmind

B.whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading

C.whatpeopleoftenfbrgetiscarryingabookwiththem

D.whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed

32.The“emptybottles^^metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto___.

A.updatetheirto-dolists

B.makepassingtimefulfilling

C.carrytheirplansthrough

D.pursuecarefreereading

33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps

A.encouragetheefficiencymind-set

B.developonlinereadinghabits

C.promoteritualisticreading

D.achieveimmersivereading

34.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes^^canworkif___.

A.readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

B.allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith

C.youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading

D.timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness

35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe__.

A.HowtoEnjoyEasyReading

B.HowtoFindTimetoRead

C.HowtoSetReadingGoals

D.HowtoReadExtensively

Text4

①Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,younger

Americansaredrawinganew21st-centurj,roadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.

①Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditional

milestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,and

retiringintheirsixties.②Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishline

ofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.

®Ybungpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultsto

prioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostby

regularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,

toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andto

maintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.

®Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthe

searingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthat

willincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferences

tohousingpatternstopolitics.

①Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaid

theybelieveitisharderfbryoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.

©Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsfor

thosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose“justgettingstartedinface

atougherclimbthanearliergenerationsinreachingsuchsignpostachievementsassecuringagood­

payingjob.startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.

©PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.②Schneider,a27-year-oldauto

technicianfromtheChicagosuburbs,sayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.

©Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid,"Ican'taffordiopaymymonthlymortgage

paymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomakethathappen.M©Lookingback,

heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneither

hadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.⑤“Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewith

parentswhodidn'thavecollegedegrees,MSchneidersaid."Idon'tthinkpeoplearecapableofthat

anymore.^^

36.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis.

A.tryingoutdifferentlifestyles

B.havingafamilywithchildren

C.workingbeyondretirementage

D.settingupaprofitablebusiness

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto.

A.favoraslowerlifepace

B.holdanoccupationlonger

C.attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance

D.giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome

38.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill____.

A.becomeincreasinglyclear

B.focusonmaterialisticissues

C.dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences

D.reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife

39.Bothyoungandoldagreethat____.

A.good-payingjobsarelessavailable

B.theoldmademorelifeachievements

C.housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain

D.gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung

40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?

A.Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.

B.Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustfbrsuccess.

C.Hisparents'goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.

D.Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfrom

thelistA-Gfbreachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhich

youdonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Besilly

网Havefun

[C]Askforhelp

[D]Expressyouremotions

[E]Don'tovcrthinkit

[F]Beeasilypleased

[G]Noticethings

ActYourShoeSize,NotYourAge

Asadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yet

childrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andfbrthemostparttheydon'ineedself-helpbooksor

therapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctively,andusuallymoreeffectivelythanwe

doasgrownups.Perhapsit'stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.

41.______________

Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?Hecries.Whenhe'sangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probably

abitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon't

dictateourbehaviours,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoo

farandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.That'saboutaseffectiveasbrushing

dirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledgeand

expresswhatwefeelappropriately,andthen—again,likechildren—moveon.

42.____________

AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyearsoldatthetime,

gotaSupermanT-shirtfbrChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn't

stoptalkingaboutit.Toooftenwebelievethatanewjob,biggerhouseorbettercarwillbethe

magicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshavevery

littlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisa

muchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.

43._______________________

Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifwcadultscouldindulgeinabitofsilliness

andgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslike

endorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandevenhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.

Allofwhichwould,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels.

44.___________________

Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith一

work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfbrdinner.Butasadultswealsohavethe

luxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit'simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoy

thethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancing

aroundthelivingroom,anyone?)-itdoesn'tmatter,solongasthey'reenjoyable,andnotlikelyto

havenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeif

you'reonatightbudget.

45._