Unit8第1课时-2022-2023学年八年级英语上册课后培优分级练（牛津译林版）

Unit8Naturaldisasters第1课时Weletotheunit课下注释小练课下注释小练单词检测1._______________n.灾难2._______________vt.用拖把擦干净3._______________adv.完全地4._______________n.地震5._______________n.事故6._______________n.长途汽车7._______________vi./vt.猛撞8._______________n.洪水9._______________n.村庄10._______________n.闪电11._______________n.风暴12._______________n.雷声短语自测1.___________________________全湿了2.___________________________拖干水3.___________________________跟我来4.___________________________冲走5.___________________________成千上万的人6.___________________________撞到……7.___________________________听说8.___________________________从……上面掉下来9.___________________________着火10.__________________________伴有雷电的大暴雨重点句子1、当天开始下雨的时候，我在睡觉。_____________________________________________________________2、如果你不跟我回家，谁将会把水拖干净？_____________________________________________________________3、闪电击中了一栋教学楼，它着火了。_____________________________________________________________答案自查答案自查单词:1.disaster2.mop3.up4.earthquake5.accident6.coach7.crash8.flood9.village10.lightning11.storm12.thunder短语：1.allwet2.mopupthewater3ewithme4.washaway5.thousandsof6.crashinto7.hearabout8.fallfrom9.catchfire10.withthunderandlightning句子：1.Iwassleepingwhenitstartedtorain.2.WhowillmopupthewaterifIgohomewithoutyou?3.Lightninghitaclassroombuildinganditcaughtfire.课后培优练课后培优练级练培优第一阶——基础过关练一、根据句意和所给汉语完成下列单词。1.Theterrible______________(地震)happenedatnightsomanypeopledied.2.Partoftheroadwaswashedawaybythe_____________(洪水).3.Some_____________(长途汽车)weretrappedontheway.4.____________(闪电)startsbigfireinaclassroombuilding.5.Therewasan_________(意外的事故)justnow,somepeopledied.6.Wewokeupby_________(雷声)lastnight.7.Theycouldn'twalkinthe___________(风暴).8.He__________(猛撞)hiscarintothewalllastnight.9.Weusedtoliveinthefar__________(村庄).10.Therearelotsofnatural_________(灾害)intheworld.二、用所给单词适当形式填空。11.Manypeoplelosttheir_________(life)intheaccident.12.Therearemany__________(nature)disastersintheworld.13.Unluckily,he__________(fall)fromthetreeandhurthisleftlegbadly.14.Youwillget________(lose)ifyougooutbyyourself.15.The_____________(village)shouldwalkalongwayforwater.16.Look!Thestudents________________(mop)thefloor.17.Wespendlotsoftime____________(do)ourhomework.18.Papercatchesfire_____________(easy).19.Isawthetrafficaccident__________(happen)yesterday.20.Thoughhewasverytired,hekept__________(work).Becausehemustfinishitbeforefive.三、单项选择()21.Look!Thebusising.Let's__________.A.getoffitB.getonitC.getitoffD.getiton()22.Whohelpedyoucleantheclassroomyesterday?__________.Ididitallbymyself.A.SomebodyB.AnyoneC.NobodyD.Everybody()23.“Foodsafety”hasbeeoneofthehottesttopicsrecently.Yeah,itreceives_________Internethits(点击)aday.A.thousandsB.thousandsofC.thousandofD.tenthousands()24.Theaccidenthappened__________acoldmorning.A.atB.inC.byD.on()25.___________,theweatherwasnotsowetasitistodayandweplayedhappily.A.LuckyB.LuckilyC.UnluckyD.Unluckily()26.Ourteacherfelloffhisbikeandhurthisleg.___________.A.That'stoobad. B.Hewassocareless.C.Heshouldbecareful. D.I'msorrytohearthat.()27.There’ssomewateronthefloor,please____________.A.mopupitB.mopthemupC.mopitupD.mopupthem()28.It's_________today.Theradiosaysitwon'tstopraininguntilnextweek.A.wetB.windyC.fineD.cloudy()29.________willthetemperaturebetomorrow?A.HowB.WhatC.HowmuchD.Howmany()30.Therewasaheavystorm__________thunderandlightning.A.andB.haveC.of D.with参考答案1.earthquake2.flood3.coaches4.Lightning5.accident6.thunder7.storm8.crashed9.village10.disasters11.lives12.natural13.fell14.lost15.villagers16.aremopping17.doing18.easily19.happen20.working21.B22.C23.C24.D25.B26.D27.C28.A29.B30.D【解析】21.B句意：看,公共汽车来了。让我们_____。geton上车,getoff下车,此时，on和off都是介词，,根据语法可知代词要位于geton、off的后面,根据句意，表示车来了，上车的意思，故选B。22.C句意：昨天谁帮着你打扫的教室？没人。我自己打扫的。A.Someone有人；B.Anyone任何人；C.Nobody没有人；D.Everybody每人。根据bymyself语意,故选C。23.C句意：最近“食品安全”成为了最热门的话题之一。是啊，它每天的网上点击率数千次。thousandsof数以千计的。

结合句意可知，答案为B。24.D句意：事故复数在一个寒冷的早上。此处为具体时间需用介词on，表示具体有一天的某个时间，故选D。25.B句意：幸运的是天气不像今天这么潮湿，我们玩得很高兴。本题考查副词辨义。分析句子结构可知空白处应该是一个副词，修饰全句。所给的四个选项中A、C两项为形容词，不可放在句首修饰全句，排除掉。B项luckily意为“好运地，幸运地”，D项unluckily是luckily的反义词，“不幸运地。倒霉地”。根据句中weplayedhappily可判断B项为正确答案。26.D句意：我们的老师从自行车上摔下来，伤了腿。_______________A这太糟糕了。B他太粗心了。C他应该小心。D听到这个消息我很难过。根据句意，对不好的消息表示遗憾，故选D。27.C句意：看，地上有一些的水。请把它拖干净。mopup擦净；water是不可数名词，下文再次出现应用it代替，根据句意用mopup；由动词和副词组成的短语代词it必须放中间，故选C。28.A句意：今天潮湿。收音机说直到下个星期,雨都不会停。根据句意说明现在雨一直在下。故选A,潮湿。29.B句意：明天的温度是多少？A.How怎样；

B；.What什么

C.Howmuch多少，修饰不可数名词；

D.Howmany多少，修饰可数名词复数；当对温度/价格/号等数字进行提问时用what；故选B。30.D句意：有一场雷电交加的暴风雨。本题考查介词。with有；have/has有；of的；分析句子结构可知，句中不缺谓语动词，所以此处不需要用动词，排除B/C选项；而“thunderandlightning”表达伴随，此处应用with，表示“有着……”，故选D。培优第二阶——拓展培优练完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Overtime，thecuckoo（杜鹃）learnedtogetotherbirdstocareforitsbabies.Thecuckooisan____31____bird.____32____birdslaytheireggsandlookafterthemuntiltheirbabieshatchout.Thentheyfeedtheirbabiesuntiltheyarereadyto___33___thenest.Somebirdsarenotsuchgood____34___.Cuckooslaytheireggsinthenestsof___35____birdsanddonotcarefortheirownbabies.Thecuckoogetsotherbirdstoact___36____theparents.Theotherbirdsareleftwiththe____37___ofbringinguptheyoungcuckoosaswellastheirownbabies!Ifthecuckooegghatchesfirst，the____38___cuckoowilloftenpushtheothereggsoutofthenestsothatitcangetalltheattentionofitsnewmother.Theyoungcuckoosometimes____39___pushestheotherbabiesoutofthenest.Theyoungcuckoohasaloudcryandisoften____40___thantheotherbabybirds.Itwill____41____allthefoodandthespaceinthenest.Acuckoolaysaround25eggseachyearinthenestsofotherbirds.This___42___thatmanyotherbirdsspendalltheirtimelookingafteryoungcuckoos___43___theirownbabies.Somebirds___44___torecognize（识别）thecuckoos'eggsandtheypushthemoutoftheirnest.Butthecuckooshave____45____foundwaysoffooling（欺骗）theotherbirds.Theycanchangetheireggtomakeitlookjustliketheotherbirds'owneggs.()31.A.amazing B.exciting C.living D.awful(讨厌的)()32.A.Few B.Most C.Little D.Much()33.A.build B.make C.break D.leave()34.A.birds B.friends C.parents D.neighbors()35.A.another B.other C.others D.theother()36.A.for B.at C.to D.as()37.A.help B.support C.work D.fear()38.A.father B.mother C.friend D.baby()39.A.sadly B.slowly C.even D.finally()40.A.bigger B.smaller C.easier D.weaker()41.A.buy B.eat C.take D.fight()42.A.means B.advises C.bets D.speaks()43.A.becauseof B.insteadof C.infrontof D.infaceof()44.A.flown B.played C.worked D.learned()45.A.too B.almost C.nearly D.also阅读理解,阅读短文，选择最佳答案。Duringthenovelcorona﹣virusoutbreak（新冠病毒疫情）wewearmasks（口罩）tokeepussafe.Butmanyofyoumayhaveaproblem﹣youcan'teatwhenyouwearamask.NowanIsraelipanyhasinvented（发明）akindofmaskthatyoucanwearwhileeating.Themaskhasaremote﹣controlmouth.Youjustneedtopushdownalevertoopenaslotinthefrontofthemasksothatyoucaneatthefood.Whenyoutakeoutyoureatingutensil（餐具），itwillclose.Thepanysaysthemaskcanprotectpeoplefromtheviruswhiletheyeat.Itplanstostartsellingthemaskintheingmonthsatapriceof￥6﹣20higherthanthatofaregularmedicalmask.Peoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutthemask.Johnsaysit'samust﹣havebecauseithelpshimtoeatwhilestayingsafe.ButRonthinksitwon'tworkwhenheeatsicecream.Hedoesn'twanttowearitbecausethemaskwillgetdirty.Butitisfineforsolid（固体的）foodslikemeat.Besidesthiskindofmask，peoplecreatesomeothercoolinventionsduringthesedays.Forexample，AChinesepanyinventedafever﹣catchinghelmet（头盔）.Itcancatchpeoplewithfeversfromuptofivemetersaway.Atthesametime，itcanshowtheperson'snameandmedicalhistory，andsendthisinformationtonearbyhospitals.ABelgian3Dprintingpanydesignedahands﹣freeset.Withitshelp，peoplecanopendoorswithoutusingtheirhands.Peoplecanusetheirarmsorelbowstoopendoorsinstead.()46.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2refersto（指代）the_________.A.mask B.lever C.slot D.utensil()47.AccordingtoRon，themaskwitharemote﹣controlmouth_________.A.hasahigherpricethanothersB.isn'tfineforfoodlikeicecreamC.helpsstaysafewhileeatingD.isnotveryeasytolearntouse()48.Thefever﹣catchinghelmetcan_______.A.catchpeoplewithfeversfromuptofivemetersawayB.showtheperson'snameandmedicalhistoryC.sendthepatient'sinformationtonearbyhospitalsD.doallthesethingsabove()49.Whichisthesimilarity（相同点）ofthecoolinventions？A.Theyaremadeinthesamepany.B.Theycanmakelesstouchbetweenpeople.C.Theyareonlyusefulduringthevirusbreakout.D.Theydon'tneedtogetontheInternet.()50.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage？A.Keepawayfromthevirus.B.Wearamaskinarightway.C.Coolinventionskeepussafe.D.Asafedietandlifestyle.参考答案31.A32.B33.D34.C35.B36.D37.C38.D39.C40.A41.C42.A43.B44.D45.D【解析】31.D．形容词辨析．A令人称奇的，B兴奋的，C活着的，D极讨厌的，根据上句Overtime，thecuckoohaslearnedtogetotherbirdstocareforitsbabies.随着时间的推移，布谷鸟学会了让其他鸟类照顾自己的宝宝。可知是极讨厌的鸟，故答案是D。32.B．形容词辨析．A几乎没有，B大部分，C几乎没有，D很多，根据birdslaytheireggsandlookafterthemuntiltheirbabieshatchout.应该是大部分的鸟产卵并照顾它们直到它们的宝宝孵化出来，故答案是B。33.D．动词辨析．A建造，B使，C打破，D离开，根据上句大部分的鸟产卵并照顾它们直到它们的宝宝孵化出来，应该是喂养它们，直到他们离开巢穴，故答案是D。34.C．名词辨析．A鸟，B朋友，C父母，D邻居，根据下句Cuckooslaytheireggsinthenestsof_______birdsanddonotcarefortheirownbabies.杜鹃不照顾它们的孩子，与上文成对比，可知有些鸟不是好父母，故答案是C．35.B．代词辨析．A三者及以上另一个，B别的，后面加名词复数，C别的，相当other+名词，D两者中另一个，根据birds是名词复数，用other，句意杜鹃鸟在其他鸟类的巢中产卵，不照顾自己的宝宝，故答案是B。36.D．介词辨析．A为，B在，C到，D作为，根据上句可知杜鹃让其他的鸟充当父母，actas担任…角色，故答案是D。37.C．名词辨析．A帮助，B支持，C工作，D害怕，根据上句杜鹃让其他的鸟充当父母，这里应该是其它的鸟被留下来完成像照顾它们自己的孩子一样，抚养小杜鹃鸟的工作，故答案是C。38.D．名词辨析．A爸爸，B妈妈，C朋友，D婴儿，根据上句Ifthecuckooegghatchesfirst，如果杜鹃蛋先孵化，应该上小杜鹃会把其它的蛋推出鸟窝，故答案是D。39.C．副词辨析．A伤心的，B慢地，C甚至，D最后，根据语境，应该是小杜鹃鸟有时甚至把其他的小杜鹃鸟推出巢外，故答案是C。40.A．形容词辨析．A更大的，B更小的，C更容易的，D更弱的，根据Theyoungcuckoohasaloudcry，杜鹃鸟哭声大，应该是比其它的小鸟大（爱哭的孩子有奶喝，吃的多，自然长得大），故答案是A。41.C．动词辨析．A买，B吃，C获得，D打架，根据上句说小杜鹃长得大，这里Itwill______allthefoodandthespaceinthenest.应该是它将获得所有的食物和窝里的空间，故答案是C。42.A．动词辨析．A意味着，B建议，C打赌，D说，根据下句manyotherbirdsspendalltheirtimelookingafteryoungcuckoos_______theirownbabies许多其他的鸟把所有的时间都用来照顾年幼的杜鹃鸟而不是自己的孩子，应该是意味着，故答案是A。43.B．连词辨析．A因为，B代替，而不是，C在…前面，D面对，根据语境，应该是许多其他的鸟把所有的时间都用来照顾年幼的杜鹃鸟而不是自己的孩子，故答案是B。44.D．动词辨析．A飞行，B玩，C工作，D学习，根据下句theypushthemoutoftheirnest.把它们（杜鹃鸟蛋）推出窝，应该是一些鸟学会了识别杜鹃鸟蛋，故答案是D。45.D．副词辨析．A也，用于句尾，B几乎，C几乎，D也，用于句中，根据上句一些鸟学会了识别杜鹃鸟蛋，这里应该是Butthecuckooshave_______foundwaysoffooling（欺骗）theotherbirds.但是杜鹃鸟也找到了欺骗其他鸟类的方法。故答案是D。46.C47.B48.D49.B50.C【解析】46.C.词义指代题。根据it所在上文Youjustneedtopushdownalevertoopenaslotinthefrontofthemasksothatyoucaneatthefood知，你只需要按下一个控制杆来打开口罩前面的一个槽，这样你就可以吃食物了。因此，Whenyoutakeoutyoureatingutensil，____willclose中，当你拿走餐具时，它就会关闭，这里it应指slot，表面罩前的"槽、窄孔"。故选C。47.B.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中ButRonthinksitwon'tworkwhenheeatsicecream知，Ron认为，当他吃冰淇淋时，这个装备不起作用。因此B项"这个带遥控嘴的面罩不适合吃像冰淇淋这样的事物"符合原文。故选B。48.D.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中Itcancatchpeoplewithfeversfromuptofivemetersaway.Atthesametime，itcanshowtheperson'snameandmedicalhistory，andsendthisinformationtonearbyhospitals知，它可以在五米以外捕捉到（检测到）到发烧的人，同时，它可以显示此人的姓名和病史，并将这些信息发送到附近的医院。因此ABC选项内容都包含，即D项"以上全部"正确。故选D。49.B.推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍的这几种很酷的发明，它们的共同点是可以减少人与人之间的接触。B项表述正确。A项"它们是同一家公司制造的"，不符合原文。C项"它们只在新冠病毒爆发期间有用"，文章没有体现。D项"它们不需要上网"，与原文sendthisinformationtonearbyhospitals（把信息发到附近的医院）表述不符。故选B。50.C.标题归纳题。通读全文，文章介绍了几种在新冠疫情期间，人们发明的几种很酷的东西，这些东西可以使人们保持安全。C项符合文章主旨大意，是最佳标题。故选C。培优第三阶——中考沙场点兵单项选择()1.Whichofthefollowingisnotanaturaldisaster?A.Snowstorm. B.Typhoon. C.Flood. D.Thetrafficaccident.()2.SherlockHomesaskedthesuspectwhathe_______whenthemurdertookplace.A.wasdoing B.hasdone C.isdoing D.woulddo()3.Itmaybedangerous__________acar________asnowydayA.todrive;in B.drive;on. C.todrive;on. D.drive;in()4.________Lindalastnight?Aseriouscaraccident.A.Whatwashappenedto B.What'swrongwithC.Whathappenedto D.Whatwashappening()5.DuringtheMayDayholiday,westayedinamountainvillagewith_______treesaround.A.thousandof B.thousand C.thousands D.thousandsof()6.Who'stheman_________brownhair?Heismyartteacher.Helooksveryfunny.A.with B.in C.on D.for()7.It'ssurprisingthatMr.Ma'slittledaughter________speakEnglishsowell.A.must B.can C.mustn't D.can't()8.Wedidn'tenjoytheday_________theweatherwassobad.A.because B.though C.unless D.till()9.Therearemanybeautifulcupsontheshelf.Ireallydon'tknow_______.A.whattochoose B.howtochooseC.whichtochoose D.wheretochoose()10.Incoldwinter,thetemperatureinHarbinoftenremains___________zeroA.Above B.below C.over D.under二、阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有一项是多余的。Whilemostpeoplearelearningtosort（分类）rubbish，astudentinHangzhoudoessomethingmorethanthat﹣hedesignedasmartbinbyhimself.JiangHaotianisaninthgrader.Hissmartbinincludestwosmallbins，eachwithacoveronthetoptoopenorclose._____11____Forexample，whenpeoplesay"recyclablewaste（可回收垃圾）"or"unrecyclablewaste"，thecorrectoneoutofthetwosmallbinwillopen.Youthinkthat'sallthebincando？You'rewrong.Whenit'sfullofrubbish，thebinwillnotopen.Inthisway，itwon'tsmellterribleliketheoldonesonthestreets.____12____Ithelpsstopfires，Jiangsays.JiangthoughtoftheideaofmakingasmartbintosortrubbishwhenhewasinGrade5.Onedayhehelpedtakeouttherubbishandadustmantoldhimnottomixallkindsofrubbishtogether.____13____TomakethedustbinperfectJiangwrotelotsofcodes（代码）.Andheaskedsomepeopleforhelp.____14____Heishappythatthedustmanlikesit，andisproud（骄傲的）thathecandosomethingfortheenvironment.Hehopesmorepeoplecanjoinhimandmaketheearthcleaner.A.Thebincandoaspeopletellitto.B.Heisafraidthathisparentsdon'tsupporthim.C.Aftertwoyearsofhardwork，hefinallypletedhisdesign.D.That'swhenhedecidedtolearntoprogram（编程）anddesignthedustbin.E.Also，thebinwillmakealoudsoundifsomeonethrowsburningthingsintoit.三、短文填空请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。（ThefirstofAprilisAprilFool'sDayinEuropeandtheUSA，readtheessayaboutthisspecialday．）EveryyearonthefirstofApril，peopleplaytricksoneachother．Iliketoplaytricksonmyf____15____andfriends．Mydadgetsupat7a．m．everyday．OnAprilFool'sDay，Isetmydad'swatchforwardandmakeitoneh____16____faster．At7a．m．Irunintohisroomandt____17____himitis8a．m．andheislateforwork．Whenheisr____18____outofthedoor，Ishout，"AprilFool!"Next，IplayatrickonmylittlesisterMaggie．Everym____19___，shehascerealforbreakfast．Shelikestoputsomes____20____inhercereal．Ichangethesugarintosalt．Maggieesintothekitchenforbreakfast．Sheputssomecerealand"sugar"intoherbowl．Aftershet____21____hercereal，shespits（吐）itout．Ishout，"AprilFool!"Intheevening，Ialsoplayatrickonmymum．Igetsomecoinsandglue（粘）themtotheg____22___outsidethefrontdoor．Whenmumesh___23_____fromwork，sheseesthemoney．Shethenbendsdownandtriestopickthecoinsup．ShetriesforalongtimetopickthemupandIopenthedoorandshout，"AprilFool!"AprilFool'sDayisreallygreat．Itismyf____24____dayoftheyear!参考答案1.B2.A3.C4.C5.D6.A7.B8.A9.C10.B【解析】1.B句意：下列哪个不是自然灾害？A．Typhoon台风；B．Trafficaccidents交通事故；C．Flood洪水；D．Snowstorm暴风雪。结合句意，故选B。2.A句意:夏洛克•福尔摩斯问嫌疑犯谋杀案发生时，他正在干什么。根据语境，应用过去进行时；故选A。3.C句意：在下雪天开车可能很危险。本题考查非谓语动词的用法．根据语境推测句意是"在下雪天开车可能很危险．"，由第一个设空处前面的

It

may

be

dangerous

判断此题考查句式"It's+形容词+（for

sb．）

to

do

sth．"；第二个设空处后面的a

snowy

day具体到某一天，用介词on，故选C。4.C句意：_昨晚琳达发生了什么事？一场严重的车祸。Happen的用法：sth.+happento+sb.意为"某人出了某事（常指某事发生在某人身上)。B选项时态不对。故选C。5.D句意：五一节期间，我们住在一个有着几千棵树环绕的山村里。一般情况下，hundred，thousand等前有具体数字修饰时不能加s，且不与of连用；但是表示好几百，好几千时，应该用复数形式，且与介词of连用，即hundredsof，数百；thousandsof，数千．根据treesaround．我们住在一个有着几千棵树环绕的山村里。可知应该用短语：数千，thousandsof，故选D。6.A句意：长着深棕色头发的那个女人是谁？她是我们的新的英语老师。with,有，带有，长着······，根据句意，故用介词短语做定语，故选A。7.B句意：马先生的小女儿英语说得这么好，真令人惊讶。must“必须”；can能表示“有能力做某事”；mustn't表示“禁止，不允许”；can't表示“不能，没有能力做某事”根据句意应选can，故选B。8.A句意：

我们不喜欢天气很糟的那一天。because因为，引导原因状语从句；though虽然，引导让步状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；till直到，引导时间状语从句．句中表达不喜欢的原因，故选A。9.C句意：架子上有许多漂亮的杯子。我真的不知道该选哪个。因为know是及物动词,需要跟宾语，疑问词+todosth.whichone表示哪一个,根据句意故选C.10.B句意:在寒冷的冬天，哈尔滨整天的气温通常

保持在零度以下。above在…上方，below在…的下面或零度以下；over在…的上方，多于大于；under在…的正下方。由“Incoldwinter”和“Harbin”可推出气温

在“零度以下”，belowzero零度以下。故选B。11.A12.E13.D14.C【解析】11.A.根据下文Forexample，whenpeoplesay"recyclablewaste（可回收垃圾）"or"unrecyclablewaste"，thecorrectoneoutofthetwosmallbinwillopen.（例如，当人们说"可回收垃