专题128BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析

专题128BU4牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题AgoodreadReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammar疑问词+tododo不定式；must和haveto区别知识点囊括知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1.Haveyoudecidedwhattodowiththesebooks,Hobo?霍波，你已经决定要怎样处理这些书了吗？【考点聚焦】whattodowith—howtodealwithsth.搭配【例句】Whatarewegoingtodowiththeproblem?我们将怎样处理这个问题呢？【例句】Ihaveahugepileofletterstodealwith.我有一大堆信件要处理。【例句】Idon'tknowwhattodowithmyoldbike.=Idon'tknowhowtodealwithmyoldbike.我不知道如何处理我的旧自行车。【考点聚焦】decide(todo)sth.意为“决定（去做）某事”。=makeadecisiontodo【例句】Idecidedtohelphim.我决定帮助他。Hehasn'tdecidedwhentogo.他还没有决定何时去。2.ThestoryoftheuglymanQuasimodoreallytouchedme.【考点聚焦】touchsb.感动某人=movesb.【例句】Hisspeechtouchedtheaudiencetotears.他的演讲使听众感动的落泪。【考点聚焦】touchn.联系keepintouchwithsb.与某人保持联系getintouchwithsb.与某人取得联系Losetouchwithsb.与某人失去联系3.Afterourshipcrashedagainsttherocks,IswamasfarasIcould.在我们的轮船触礁之后，我尽可能地游。【考点聚焦】against用作介词，其具体意思如下：(1)相反；反对；违反；违背；逆。Weallshouldfightagainstevil.我们都应该同邪恶做斗争。(2)撞击；撞着，碰着，顶着，触及，与……相撞，同……冲突。．Ipushedagainstthedoorandthedooropenedatlast.我用力推门，最后门开了。(3)逆行，逆……方向，对着；跟……反方向。Don'tdriveagainstthetraffic.不要逆向行车。4.Iwokeupasthesunwasrising…我醒来了，这时太阳正在升起……【辨析】rise和raise有何区别？这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。(1)raise是及物动词，发出此动作的通常是人，可用于被动语态，意为“举起；提高”，如抬头、举手（目、帽、石头、重物等）。(2)rise是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，意为“上升，升起；起身，起立（主语是人）；上涨”以及“（日、月星等）升起到地平线上”。Pleaseraiseyourhandifyouknowtheanswer.如果你知道答案就请举手。（请举手，主语是你）Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。（太阳升起，主语是太阳）5.Itmovedupovermystomachandneckuntilitwasstandingnearmyface.它爬上我的肚子和脖子，直到（它）来到我的脸上。【考点聚焦】stomach意为“胃”，复数形式是stomachs。【考点聚焦】(1)until用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中，主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词（非瞬间动词），如live，wait，last，love，like，stay，work，continue等。Iwillwaituntilyoueback.我将一直等到你回来。(2)until用于否定句中，表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生，或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。Ididn'tleaveuntiltherainstopped.直到雨停了我才离开。(3)until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时，应该用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现”。Hewillstayhereuntilhismotheresback.他将在这儿一直等到他母亲回来。6.Hewasthesamesizeasmylittlefinger!他和我的小手指一样大！【考点聚焦】size意为“大小，尺寸”，与thesame…as连用构成短语thesamesizeas，意为“和……一样大”。此结构属于“thesame+n.+as”=“as+adj.+as”【例句】Hisroomisthesamesizeasmine．他的房间和我的一样大。7.However,theysoongotupagainandcontinuedmovingacrossmybody.然而，他们很快又站了起来，继续在我身上移动。【考点聚焦】continue后接动词作宾语时动词可用doing和todo的形式，但含义不同。continuedoing指继续做刚刚做过的那件事；continuetodo指继续做另一件事。试比较：喝过咖啡之后我继续做作业。Afterdrinkingacupofcoffee,Icontinueddoingmyhomework.（喝咖啡之前我在做作业但没做完，喝完以后继续做）Afterdrinkingacupofcoffee,Icontinuedtodomyhomework.（喝咖啡之前我是在做别的事而不是做作业）【考点聚焦】表示继续维持某一情况时，其后可直接跟名词作宾语，也可先接介词with再接宾语。【例句】Wewillcontinue(with)thepaymentsforanotheryear.我们这样的报酬还要维持一年。【考点聚焦】continuebydoingsth.意为“接着做某事（其他事）”。如：【例句】Hecontinuedreading/toreadallnight.他通宵在看书。【例句】HetalkedaboutKeats,andcontinuedbyreadingusapoem他谈了济慈，接着给我们朗诵了一首诗。8.Itriedtopullonehandfreeandfinallymanagedtobreaktheropes.我试图空出一只手，最后设法解开了绳子。【考点聚焦】managetodosth.意为“设法做某事”，更倾向于做成某事，与succeedindoingsth.同义；而trytodosth.倾向于努力做某事，有没有成功不确定。9.Gulliverfoundhimselfunabletomove.findsb./sth.+adj.10.handv.交；递，给【考点聚焦】“handin”表示“上交（作业），递交（文件）等”“handinhand”，手拉手，手握着手11.renewvt.续借；更新；重新开始【考点聚焦】re是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re表示以下三方面的意义：

1、表示“回”或“向后”的意思。例如：return（回来，返回）recall（回忆，召回）

2、表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思。例如：review（复习、评论）restart（重新开始）

3、表示“相反”、“反对”的意思。例如：reverse（反转，颠倒）resist（反抗，抵抗）review=goover复习12.publishinghousen.出版社【考点聚焦】publishing动名词形式做定语，类似的结构如：aswimmingpool【链接】publishvt.出版，与eout意义相同。13.refusevt.&vi.拒绝，回绝【考点聚焦】1、refuse+名词Sherefusedtheinvitationtotheball.她拒绝了舞会的邀请。2、refusesb.sth.Ijustcan’trefusemygranddaughteranything.我就是无法拒绝我孙女的任何要求。3、refusetodosth.Someuniversitystudentsfromthecountrysiderefusedtotakeanydonation.一些农村来的大学生拒绝接受任何捐款。Yesterdaymycarrefusedtostart.昨天我的车发动不起来。14.ThefirstHarryPotterbookwasagreatsuccessintheverybeginning.在一开始，《哈利波特》第一本书获得了巨大的成功。【考点聚焦】(1)success/sək’ses/作“成功的人或事”讲时为可数名词；作“成功”讲时为不可数名词。Heisagreatsuccessasawriter．作为作家来讲，他获得了巨大的成功。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母。(2)succeed/sək’sid/为不及物动词succeedindoingsth.成功地做某事。Hesucceededinswimmingacrosstheriver．他成功地游过了河。(3)successful形容词，意为“成功的”。Heisasuccessfulwriter.他是一个成功的怍家。(4)successfully副词，意为“成功地”。Hepassedtheexamsuccessfully.他成功地通过了考试。15.…translatedintoabout96languages……被翻译成大约96种语言【考点聚焦】translatevt.&vi.意为“翻译”。【例句】ThisEnglishpoemistoohardtotranslate.这首英文诗非常难译。betranslatedinto意为“被翻译成”。【例句】ThebookwastranslatedintoRussian.这本书被翻译成俄文。16.hiddenadj.隐藏的【考点聚焦】hidevt.躲藏；掩饰（hid;hidden），hideandseek捉迷藏【例句】Don't

try

to

hide

your

mistakes.

不要掩饰你的错误。【注意】hiddenadj.隐藏的类似的用法有relaxed（轻松的）。17.confidencen.自信心【考点聚焦】confidentadj.自信的，类似词性转换还有：differentdifference；impotantinportancehaveconfidenceindoing=beconfidentofdoing做某事有自信18.experiencen.经历；经验【考点聚焦】名词

n.

1.

经验,体验[U]She

had

no

experience

of

life

at

all.

她毫无生活经验。

Have

you

had

any

experience

of

teaching

English?

你有过教英语的经验吗?2.

经历,阅历[C]

Please

tell

us

about

your

experiences

in

Africa.

请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。

ItisthemostterribleexperiencethatIhaveexperienced.这是我经历的做糟糕的经历。及物动词

vt.

1.

经历;体验

The

city

experienced

over

2,000

such

incidents

last

year.

去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。

2.

感受;遭受

He

experienced

a

pang

of

sadness.

他感到一阵悲痛。19.advicen.建议，忠告，劝告【考点聚焦】advice与suggestion是名词，都表示“建议、意见”．两者的最大区别在于advice是不可数名词，表示“一条建议”用apieceofadvice，“一些建议”用someadvice；而suggestion则是可数名词，表示“一条建议”用asuggestion，“一些建议”用somesuggestions，“许多建议”用manysuggestions。()①Whatagood_______hegaveme!A.suggestion B.advice C.suggestionsD.advicesKey：A20.Weoftenmeettogetheranddiscusswhattoread．我们经常聚在一起讨论读点什么。【考点聚焦】discuss意为“讨论”，其名词形式为discussion。【例句】Let'sdiscusswhattodonext．咱们讨论一下下面干什么。Wehadawarmdiscussionaboutthismatter.关于这件事我们进行了热烈的讨论。二、语法Grammar1.疑问词加动词不定式(1)句法功能：①“wh词＋不定式”主要用作宾语或者宾语补足语，跟在动词decide,forget,advise,discuss,remember,understand,think,teach等之后。◆疑问词分为疑问代词和疑问副词。常用的疑问代词有：what;which;who;whom;whose.疑问副词有：where,when,why;howe.g.:Wemustthinkwhattodo.Ican'tdecidewhomtoinvite.Danieltaughthimselfhowtouseaputertodraw.②除用作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语等。e.g.:Whentoleavehasnotbeendecided.何时离开还没有决定。Thequestionishowtofindhim.问题是如何找到他。(2)注意点：①若动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，需要加上后面的介词。e.g.Danieldidnotsaywhototalktoaboutthisbook.Idon’tknowwhototurntoforhelpwhenIhaveproblems.②原则上说，why后不接不定式：误：Kittyexplainedwhytobelateforschool.正：Kittyexplainedwhyshewaslateforschool.不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。e.g.:Whynotgothereatonce?Whyarguewithher?但这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。误：Whynotcleantheroomyesterday?正：Whydidn'tyoucleantheroomyesterday?(3)how用于该结构的注意点：有些动词后接“how＋不定式”作宾语时，how可以省略：e.g.:Didyoulearn(how)todriveacar?你学过开车吗？但是，有些动词后面接“疑问词how＋不定式”作宾语时，尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出，但不能将how省略。e.g.:Heknowshowtoplaythepiano.Heshowedherhowtoswim.(4)“疑问词十不定式”结构可以和复合句转换。e.g.:Heaskedwherehewouldgoshoppingaftersupper.＝Heaskedwheretogoshoppingaftersupper.2.must&haveto(1)意义区别两词都是“必须”的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。e.g.:Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）(2)形式的区别①haveto有人称、数和时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。e.g.:Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.昨天他不得不照顾他的妹妹。②否定结构：haveto的否定结构为：don'thavetodo…表示“不必”=needn’tdo…而must的否定结构为mustn’t表示“禁止”，“绝对不可以”。e.g.:Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit．你不一定要把此事告诉他。Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit．你一定不要把这件事告诉他。(3)联系Must引导的疑问句可以用don’thaveto/needn’t来回答。e.g.:MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?No,youdon’thaveto./needn’t.三、词组归纳1.what

todowithsth.=howtodealwithsth.

如何处理某事2.use

themtoreachtheboxonthefridge

用它们够冰箱上的盒子3.be

interestedin

对……感兴趣4.crash

against

碰撞到……5.be

tiredout

筋疲力尽6.be

tiedtothe

ground

被绑到地上7.bethe

samesizeas……

和……一样的尺寸(一样大小)8.fall

over

摔倒9.continue

todo/doingsth.

继续做某事10.manage

todosth.

设法完成做某事11.a

hugearmyof……

一大群……12.hand

in

上交13.and

soon……

……等等14.on

time

准时，按时15.translate……into……

把……翻译成……16.be

translatedinto……

被翻译成……17.ask(sb.)forhelp

向某人求助18.remend

sb.as……

推荐某人当……19.remend

sbtodosth.

推荐某人做某事20.refuse

todosth.

拒绝做某事21.on

atraintriptoLondon

去伦敦火车旅行的途中22.get

theideafor

得到……的灵感(思路)

23.publishing

house

出版社24.so

far

到目前为止25.in

theverybeginning

在一开始,起初26.at

atime

每次；依次；一次性27.renew

themonline

在线续借它们28.on

theonehand,…ontheotherhand,…

一方面……，另一方面……29.sail

theseatolookforhiddentreasure

出海寻找隐藏的宝藏30.give

mealotofconfidence

给我许多信心31.have

excitingexperiences

有令人激动的经历32.I’mnotas

shyasIusedtobe.

我没有以前那样害羞了。33.decide

towritemyownstories

决定写我自己的故事34.ask

foradviceonbooks

征求关于书籍方面的建议35.thefour

greatclassicalChinesenovels

中国四大古典小说36.bejustopposite

myhome

就在我家正对面37.Readingcanhelp

merelax

读书帮助我放松。38.make

merelaxed

使我放松39.open

up

开启,开创,开辟40.openupawholenewworldtome 给我开辟一个全新的世界四、句型归纳1.Have

youdecidedwhattodowiththesebooks?

你已经决定如何处理这些书了吗？2.After

ourshipcrashedagainsttherocks,IswamasfarasIcould.当我们的船触礁之后，我奋力前游。3.By

thetimeIfinallyfeltthelandundermyfeet,Iwastiredout.直到我终于感觉到脚下陆地时，我已筋疲力尽。4.My

arms,legsandhairweretied

totheground. 我的胳膊，腿和头发都被栓在了地上。5.It

movedupovermystomachandneckuntilitwasstandingnearmyface.它向上爬过我的腹部和脖子，直到站在我的脸附近。6.He

wasthesamesizeasmylittlefinger.

他不过我小手指那么点大。7.I

shoutedatthemtheloudnoisemadethemallfallover.我朝他们吼叫—很大的噪音使得他们都摔倒。8.However,they

gotupagainandcontinuedmovingacrossmybody.然而，他们很快又爬了起来，继续在我的身体上走过。9.I

triedtopullonehandfreeandfinallymanagedtobreaktheropes.我尽力解脱开一只手，最后设法弄断了绳索。10.Gulliver

foundhimselfunabletomove.

格利佛发现自己不能动弹。11.Sandy

iswonderingwheretoaskforhelp.

桑迪想知道去哪里求助。12.Mr

Wuadviseduswhichtochooseasafterschoolactivities.吴老师建议我们选择哪些作为课外活动。13.Daniel

taught

himselfhowtouseaputertodraw.丹尼尔自学如何用电脑画画.14.The

firstHorryPotterwasnotagreatsuccessintheverybeginning.

第一本哈里波特在一开始并未取得成功。15.Who

doyouusuallyaskforadviceonbooks? 你通常向谁征求读书的建议?16.How

longcanIkeepthebooks?

这些书我可以借多久?17.They

alsoopenupawholenewworldtome.

它们也为我开启了一个全新的世界。18.Youdon’thavetoetoourdeskeverytime.Justrenewthemonline. 你不必每次都来我们服务台办理。在线续借即可。易错题分析易错题分析语法部分：一、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mr.Greenshoweduswhat_______(do)first.2.LiFengdidnotknowwho_______(talk)toaboutthisbook.3.Studentsdonothaveto_______(go)toschoolatweekends,4.Everyonemustnot_______(smoke)inthelibrary.5.Theworkersarediscussingwhichcolour_______(paint)thewalls.【答案】1.todo2.totalk3.go4.smoke5.topaint二、单项选择()1.Studentsinourschool_______knowshoutingisnotallowedinthelibrary.A.can B.may C.must D.need()2.Hewillhaveto_______hisdietbecauseofhisseriousstomachproblem.A.watching B.watched C.watches D.watch()3.Remember_______offthelightswhenyouleavetheroom,please.A.toturn B.turning C.turn D.toturning()4.Ourteacheroftentellsus_______intheriver.It'sdangerous.A.don'tswim B.notswim C.nottoswim D.notswimming()5.Ihaven'tdecidedwhen_______aholidayyet.A.took B.taking C.totake D.take【答案】CDACC三、句型转换1．Ienjoyrockmusicbecauseitisexciting.（对画线部分提问）_______do_______enjoyrockmusic?2．Simonforgetswhenhewillmeethisfriends.（同义句转换）Simonforgetswhen______________hisfriends.3．Oftenwedon'tknowwherewecangoonSundays.（同义句转换）Oftenwedon'tknow______________goonSundays.4．Wehavetogotoschoolatweekends.（改为否定句）We_____________________gotoschoolatweekends.5．MustIstartdancingnow?（作否定回答）_______,______________.【答案】1.Why;you2..tomeet3.whereto4.don'thaveto5.No;youneedn’t词汇句型部分：一、根据句意及汉语提示，用词的正确形式填空。Doyouthinkthatbookisagood_________(读物)？WherecanIfindthe______(小说)FrogsbyMoYan?Ithinkimaginationismoreimportantthan____________(知识).Inhis________(空闲)time,helikesplayingfootballwithhisfriends.Infact,the__________(丑陋的)maninthisbookisakindheartedman.DidthefilmBackto1942_____________(触动)you?Yes,ofcourse.JinYongisafamous_________(作家)inChina.You___________(必须)nottalkloudlyinthereadingroom.Whathappenedtoyour______(肩膀).Howmany_____(胃)doesapighave?Hejoinedthe___________(军队)afterfinishinghighschool.Therearesix________(手指)inhisrighthand.【答案】1.read2.novel3.knowledge4.spare5.ugly6.touch7.writer8.must9.Shoulder(s)10.stomachs11.army12.fingers二、选择填空()1.—WhoisthatgirltalkingtoourEnglishteacheroverthere?—SheisMissBrown,_____Europeanstudyingin_____NanjingUniversityA.an;the B.a;a C.an;/ D.a;/()2.I______toworkouttheMathsproblembutfailed.Whataboutyou? Withmyfather’shelp,I______toworkitout. A.tried,tried B.managed,tried C.tried,managed D.managed,managed()3.MrWangisstrongly______keepinganimalsinthezoo,becausehethinksanimalsshouldalsoenjoyfreedom.A.against B.for C.up D.down()4.Hegaveme____onhowtosingwell._____goodadvice!It’ssohelpfultome. A.anadvice,Whata B.someadvices,how C.someadvice,What D.anadvice,How()5.Ihavealready______thenovelfortwoweeks.Imustreturnit______thelibrarytoday. A.read,backto B.bought,to C.kept,to D.borrowed,backto()6.Theenergyfromthesuncostsverylittle_____,itproduceslittlepollution. A.Forexample B.suchas C.Insomeways D.Moreover()7.______makesmeworried.A.Whattopayattention B.WhotoaskforhelpwritingC.Whattodowiththebooks D.Howtodowiththemagazines()8.It’ssocoldhere.Doyoumind____thewindow?____.Iwilldoitrightnow. A.toclose,Yes B.toopen,No C.opening,Ofcoursenot D.closing,Notatall()9.MrBrowntogetherwithhisfamily________Sanyaforafewweeks. A.hasbeenin B.havebeento C.havebeenin D.hasleftfor()10.Iwonderwho______aboutthisplay.A.totalk B.tosayC.totalktoD.tospeak()11.The______ofABriefHistoryofTimehavereached10,000,000______aroundtheworld.A.sales,copies B.sale,copyC.sells,copy D.sell,copies()12.Sadlytheairinthecountryisnolongerasfreshasit.A.wasusedtobeing B.hasusedtobeC.hasbeenusedtobe D.usedtobe()13.Manypeoplewillnotrealizetheimportanceofhealth________theyfallill. A.until B.while C.when D.after()14.IsMr.Liuateacherwithalotofteaching_____?Yes,sheis.Healwaystellsussomefunny_____afterclass.A.experience;experience B.experiences;experiencesC.experiences;experience D.experience;experiences()15.Mrs.Whitehas_____thatsheisnotabletogetajob.A.soalittleeducation B.suchlittleeducationC.solittleeducation D.suchalittleeducation()16.Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce.Takeitabit_____________.A.attimes B.atatime C.atalltimes D.atthattime()17.Isitthemostwonderfulfootballgameyouhave______watched?Yes,Ihave______watchedsuchawonderfulgamebefore.A.ever;never B.yet;ever C.already;yetD.ever;yet()18.Ifyouwanttogetmoreinformation,youcantheinternet.A.search B.find C.1ookfor D.searchfor()19.Alltheshirtsl