2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit5Intotheunknown预习新知早知道1教用文档教案外研版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit5IntotheunknownⅠ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.intrigue A．n.气旋；旋风()2.pyramid B．n.金字塔()3.astronomy C．n.衰败()4.tropical D．adj.来自热带的；产于热带的()5.cyclone E．v.(因奇妙或神奇而)激起……的兴 趣，引起……的新奇心()6.downfall F．n.天文学()7.megadrought G．n.超级干旱[答案]1－5EBFDA6－7CGB．短语匹配()1.fallintoruin A．相当于()2.makeadiscovery B．收回()3.correspondto C．做动身觉；发觉()4.takeback D．将……应用于……()5.apply...to... E．(因无人照料而)衰落，败落[答案]1－5ECABDⅡ.默写单词1．civilisationn． 文明(社会)2．buryv. 将……埋在下面3．canaln. 运输河4．ruinn. 残垣断壁，废墟5．abandonv. 离弃，逃离6．dismissv. 拒绝考虑，否定7.expansionn. 扩大；增加Ⅰ.语境填词astronomy；dismiss；expansion；abandon；civilisation；wasburied；canal；ruin1．TheVictoriansregardedtherailwaysasbringingprogressandcivilisation．2．Thetruthhasbeenburiedinhermemorysincethen.3．Astronomyisthescientificstudyofthesun，moon，stars，planets，etc.4．Acanalisapassageduginthegroundforboatsandshipstotravelalong.5．Theoldmillisnowlittlemorethanaruin．6．Thecoldweatherforcedustoabandongoingout.7．Ithinkwecansafelydismisstheirobjections.8．Despitethedifficultiesthecompanyisconfidentoffurtherexpansion．Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilisation(civilise)amillenniumago.2．Thechildwasfoundabandoned(abandon)butunharmed.3．Thebuildingswereinaruinous(ruin)condition.4．Expansionism(expansion)wasadvocatedbymanyBritishpoliticiansinthelate19thcentury.5．Therearenopreviousstatisticsforcomparison(compare)．6．Theyquestionedtheaccuracy(accurate)oftheinformationinthefile.7．Thetestcanaccurately(accurate)predictwhatabiggerexplosionwoulddo.8．Herdismissal(dismiss)ofthethreatsseemedirresponsible.1．Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars，itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奇妙在人们心中是多么的有影响力。2．...Mayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.……自19世纪被重新发觉以来，玛雅文明始终被神奇所覆盖。3．Whatismostextraordinaryaboutthesecomplexstructuresishowtheywerebuiltwithouttheuseofwheels，metaltoolsorevenanimalpower.这些困难建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不运用轮子、金属工具甚至动物运输的状况下建成的。4．OntopofallthiswasanachievementuniqueintheAmericasatthattime：atruewritingsystem.除这些之外还有一个当时美洲独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。5．Itsonce­greatcitiesfellintoruin，leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。词汇积累①intriguev．（因奇妙或神奇而）激起……的爱好，引起……的新奇心②makeadiscovery做动身觉；发觉③comparisonn．比较；对比；相比④correspondto相当于；相符合⑤bebasedon...以……为基础⑥spotn．斑点；污迹v．望见；发觉⑦dismissv．拒绝考虑，否定⑧extendv．使伸长；扩大；扩展⑨impressiveadj.令人赞美的；令人钦佩的impressionn．印象impressv．使钦佩；使仰慕；给……留下深刻的好印象⑩representativeadj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表；销售代表⑪extraordinaryadj.意想不到的；令人惊异的⑫applyAtoB把A应用到B⑬accurateadj.正确无误的；精确的accuracyn．精确(性)；精确(程度)⑭charactern．(人、集体的)品质，性格；(地方的)特点，特性；(事物、事务或地方的)特点，特征，特色⑮syllablen．音节⑯interpretv．诠释；说明⑰primitiveadj.原始的；远古的⑱abandonv．离弃，逃离⑲declinev．削减，衰弱；谢绝；婉言拒绝⑳takeback退回；退还；归还；收回，撤回(所说的话或想法)eq\o(○,\s\up4(21))claimv．宣称；声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领；索要eq\o(○,\s\up4(22))collapsev．(突然)倒塌，坍塌；(尤指因病重而)倒下，昏倒，晕倒；(尤指工作劳累后)坐下，躺下放松eq\o(○,\s\up4(23))conflictn．冲突；争吵eq\o(○,\s\up4(24))indicatev．表明；显示；象征eq\o(○,\s\up4(25))playapartin贡献力气；起……作用eq\o(○,\s\up4(26))landscapen．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景，景色eq\o(○,\s\up4(27))unknowinglyadv.未意识到地；不知不觉地；无意中eq\o(○,\s\up4(28))leadto导致；通向eq\o(○,\s\up4(29))far修饰形容词的比较级eq\o(○,\s\up4(30))belikelytodosth.可能做某事eq\o(○,\s\up4(31))atdifferentrates以不同的速度eq\o(○,\s\up4(32))fallintoruin毁灭；毁坏eq\o(○,\s\up4(33))meanwhile＝atthesLametime＝inthemeanwhile与此同时原文呈现TheMysteriesofTHEMAYAIntrigued①byMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage，15­year­oldCanadianWilliamGadourythoughthehadmadeanincrediblediscovery②fromhisstudyofancientstarcharts.Throughcomparison③，hefoundthatthelocationsofthe117knownMayacitiescorrespondto④thepositionsofthestars.Basedon⑤this，hebelievedhehadspotted⑥anunknownMayacityburieddeepinthejungle.Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissed⑦byscholars，itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.[1][1]该句是复合句。Although...byscholars是让步状语从句。Itisn'tdifficulttoseewhy.Extending⑧southfrompartsofwhatwenowknowasMexicointoCentralAmerica，Mayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.TheMayabuiltimpressive⑨palacesandtemples，includingtheirrepresentative⑩steppyramids.Whatismostextraordinary⑪aboutthesecomplexstructuresishowtheywerebuiltwithouttheuseofwheels，metaltoolsorevenanimalpower.[2]TheMaya'sunderstandingofmathematicsandastronomywasalsoquiteamazing.Theyappliedthisunderstandingto⑫theMayacalendar，whichwasaccurate⑬towithin30secondsperyear.OntopofallthiswasanachievementuniqueintheAmericasatthattime：atruewritingsystem.Itcontainedmorethan800characters⑭，withsomesignsrepresentinganimals，peopleandobjectsandothersrepresentingsyllables⑮.Itwasawritingsystemsocomplicatedthat，sofar，noonehasbeenabletointerpret⑯itcompletely.[2]此处what引导的是主语从句，how引导的是表语从句。ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitive⑰makesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.[3]ButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandon⑱mostoftheirgreatcities.By700AD，Mayacivilisationwasatitspeak.Yet，withinjustacoupleofgenerations，itbegantomysteriouslydecline⑲.Thecitieswerelefttobetakenback⑳bythejungle.WhenEuropeansarrivedinCentralAmericaintheearly16thcenturytoclaimeq\o(○,\s\up8(21))itsriches，theremainingMayapeoplewerelivinginsmallsettlements.[3]该句中的that引导的是同位语从句，说明白thefact的详细内容。WhyMayacivilisationcollapsedeq\o(○,\s\up8(22))remainsamystery.Wasitanaturaldisaster?Adeadlydisease?Conflictseq\o(○,\s\up8(23))betweencities?Orwasitacombinationofseveraldifferentfactors？Someresearchseemstoindicateeq\o(○,\s\up8(24))thattheMayapeoplethemselvesmayhaveplayedapartineq\o(○,\s\up8(25))theirdownfall[4]．Theyhadturnedwetlandsintofieldsforgrowinggrains，andhaddughugecanalsystems.Astheirpopulationexpanded，yetmorelandwasneededforagricultureandmoretreesforconstruction.Bychangingthelandscapeeq\o(○,\s\up8(26))inthisway，itispossiblethattheMayapeopleunknowinglyeq\o(○,\s\up8(27))reducedtheirabilitytodealwithnaturaldisasters.[4]画线部分为that引导的宾语从句，作indicate的宾语。Researchalsosuggeststhatthosenaturaldisastersmayhaveledtoeq\o(○,\s\up8(28))thedeclineoftheMaya.Somerecentstudieshavefoundthattherewerefareq\o(○,\s\up8(29))fewertropicalcyclonesthanusualbetween700ADand1000AD.Thisislikelytoeq\o(○,\s\up8(30))haveledtoaseriesofdroughts，eachlastingforacoupleofyears，includinga“megadrought”around900AD.ManyscientistsbelievethatthesedroughtswerethemainreasonwhyMayacivilisationbegantocollapseatdifferentrateseq\o(○,\s\up8(31))indifferentplaces[5]．Thesedroughtswouldhaveledtofoodshortages，conflictsand，ultimately，thedownfallofthecities.[5]画线部分是that引导的宾语从句，作believe的宾语，其中why引导定语从句，修饰先行词themainreason。Whateverthereasons，Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.Itsonce­greatcitiesfellintoruineq\o(○,\s\up8(32))，leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve[6].Meanwhileeq\o(○,\s\up8(33))，theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast，presentandfuture.[6]画线部分是现在分词短语，在句中作结果状语。译文参考玛雅人的奇妙15岁的加拿大人威廉·加杜里(WilliamGadoury)从小就对玛雅文明很感爱好，他认为自己从探讨古代星图中获得了一个不行思议的发觉。通过比较，他发觉117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。基于此，他信任他发觉了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奇妙在人们心中是多