《本科英语》课件-Unit 3 Understanding Science

大学英语（本科）CollegeEnglish(forundergraduate)Unit3UnderstandingScience.Whatisscience?Nowlet’sgoonajourneythroughthemostspectacular100yearsinthehistoryofscienceandtechnologytohaveanoverviewofhowourunderstandingoftheworldhasgrownfrom1900tilltoday.MATTERSOFLIFEANDDEATH—MedicineandHealth1900:Patientsbattleillness,whiledoctorscandolittlemorethancounsel(劝告)andcomfortthemandkeepthemclean.Today:Doctorstreatandoftencurepatientswithavastarray(一大批)ofmedicinesandmedicaltechnologies,butsomediseasesarestillincurable.MYSTERIESOFTHEUNIVERSE—PhysicsandAstronomy1900:TheMilkyWaygalaxy(星系)(includingsomeunexplainednebularclouds(星云))istheknownuniverse.Newton’slawsexplainthephysicalworld.Matteriscomposedofatoms.Today:TheMilkyWayisjustonegalaxyamongcountlessmillionswehaveobservedintheuniverse.Thereisnosetoflawsthatexplainsallphenomenainthephysicalworld,althoughtherearemanytheories.Atomsarecomposedofmanysubatomicparticles,allofwhichderivefrom(来自于)energy.MYSTERIESOFTHEUNIVERSE—PhysicsandAstronomyRESEARCHINTOOURSELVES—HumanBehavior1900:Thereisnocureforthementallyill,whoareconfinedtoinsaneasylums(精神病院).“Mind”and“body”arethoughtofastwoseparatethings.Today:Mentalillnesscanbetreatedwitharangeoftherapies(治疗)andmedications.Weknowagreatdealaboutthechemistryandthepartsofthebrainthatcontrolourbehaviorandthoughts.RESEARCHINTOOURSELVES—HumanBehaviorFASTER,CLOSER,BETTER—Technology1900:TheonlywaytoviewtheOlympicGamesinParisisinperson.NewsabouttheGamestravelstoAmericavia(通过)telegraphandisprintedinnewspapers.FASTER,CLOSER,BETTER—TechnologyToday:Millionsworldwidewatchthe2008BeijingOlympicsontelevision,transmittedinstantaneously(瞬间地)bysatellite.Thenewsspreadsaswellbyradio,newspaper,andtheWorldWideWeb.ORIGINS—EarthandLifeScience1900:Thereisnogoodexplanationforcatastrophiceventssuchasearthquakes.TheEarthisthoughttobeamere50millionyearsold,andtheevolutionofspeciesishotlydebated.BR_JourneyonthePaper8Today:Theplates(板块)thatmakeuptheEarth’scrust(地壳)moveovertime,causingearthquakesandvolcanoes.TheEarthisknowntobe4,500millionyearsold.ThegeneticcodeofDNA,whichdrivesevolution,isbetterunderstoodeveryday.ORIGINS—EarthandLifeScienceHowtoMakeSenseoutofSciencemakesenseoutof:understandExpositorywriting:atypicalpieceofexpositorywritingbeginswithastatementopinion,thengoesontogivesupportingdetails.PartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s)MainIdeas11~324~8Scienceisdonestepbystep.Scienceisawayofunderstandingtheworldaroundanditsrealworkisslow.39-10Scienceisaprocessfilledwithdisappointmentsandreverses,butwekeepmovingahead.NewDrugsKillCancerDevastationbyElNino─aWarning6:30p.m.October26,2028:CouldThisBetheDeadlinefortheApocalypse?Purpose:tomaketheexpositorywritingmorevividandunderstandableaswellascatchthereaders'eyes.Questions(1)Didthenewsmeanthesepeopleneverhadtoworryaboutcanceragain?(2)Didthenewsmeanthatweallhadtoworryaboutacatastrophefromouterspaceor,moreimmediately,fromElNino?stepbystep1.proposed2.testedthescientists’reviewingissuingapressreleasemakinganannouncementtotheworld.Noamountofexperimentationcaneverprovemeright;asingleexperimentcanatanytimeprovemewrong.InAugust1996,NASAannouncedthediscoveryinAntarcticaofaMeteoritefromMarsthatmightcontainevidenceofancientlifeonanotherworld.The“evidenceoflife”wasmostlycontaminationfromAntarcticiceorthattherewasnothingorganicatallintherock.Likeclimbingamountain,westruggleupthreefeetandfallbacktwo.deadline:n.截止期限；最后期限I’mafraidyou’vemissedthedeadline—thedeadlineforapplicationswasMay30th.Ifinishedseveraldaysaheadofthedeadline.我是在最后期限的前几天完成的。frustrate:vt.使懊丧；阻止；挫败

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Ourplantogoonapicnicwasfrustratedbyhissister.frustrationn.懊丧；挫败frustratingadj.令人沮丧的frustratedadj.感到沮丧的yield:Talksbetweenthetwosideshaveyieldednoresults.Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.(2)vi.屈服；让步(1)vt.出产；产生；提供Whenyouknowyou’reright,youcan’tyield.n.产量；产出；利润ahighcropyieldareductioninmilkyieldTheresearchhasyieldedusefulinformationoutcome:n.

在记者招待会上将会公布谈判的结果。Hesaidhewaspleasedwiththeoutcome.Theoutcomeofthenegotiationswillbeannouncedatapressconference.conclusion:n.Eachresearchgroupcametoasimilarconclusion.Webasedourconclusiononfacts.Thereareperhapstwomainconclusionstobedrawnfromtheabovediscussion.Theconclusionofthebookwasdisappointing.(1)n.结论(2)n.结束inconclusion:最后；总而言之cometoaconclusion得出一个结论drawaconclusion得出一个结论arriveat/reachaconclusion得出一个结论propose:vt.---proposaln.Thereportalsoproposesextendingthemotorway.InhisspeechheproposedthattheUNshouldsetupanemergencycentrefortheenvironment.(1)建议proposethat…;proposedoingsth.(2)打算Whatdoyou