备战2025届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题05历史与地理含解析

专题05历史与地理【美文阅读1】SomethingwonderfulinadisasterOnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzedfromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofconveniencewithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe"haves"tothe“have-nots".Orsowethought.Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusedthemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith"Funny"ifweneededalaugh,ortothe"Disabled"boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou.DearChris,MyhusbandandIweresosorrytohearofyourridingaccidentlastweek.Nodoubtyourfamilyandyourfriendsaregivingyouthestrengthtofacethistechnicalchallenge.Peopleeverywherearealsogivingyoubestwisheseverydayandweareamongthosewhoarekeepingyoualive.YoursSincerely,NancyReagan灾难中的奇妙1995年5月27日，我们的生活突然发生了变更。就在三点过几分钟，我丈夫克里斯从马背上摔了下来，他从胸前摔下来，无法正常呼吸。当他从马背上摔下来的时候，我们进入了一个有很多意想不到的挑战的便利的生活。我们从从“有”到“无”。或者我们是这么想的。然而，我们后来发觉，全部的礼物都来自于共享的困难。我们渐渐了解到，灾难中可能会发生一些奇妙的事情。全世界的人都特别关切克里斯，以至于每天都有信件和明信片涌入。到了第三个周末，在弗吉尼亚州的一个医疗中心，大约有35000封邮件已经收到并分类。作为一个家庭，我们一封又一封地打开信，它们给了我们劝慰，成为我们力气的源泉。我们用它们来激励自己。假如我们须要欢乐，我会去标有“好玩”字样的那一堆信，或者到“残疾人”的信箱里，向坐在轮椅上甚至床上的人们寻求建议，让他们欢乐而胜利地生活。这些信件，我们意识到，必需被共享，所以在这里我们供应其中一封给你。敬爱的克里斯，我丈夫和我很缺憾听到你上周的骑行事故。毫无疑问，你的家人和挚友给了你力气去面对这项技术挑战。世界各地的人们也每天都在向你致以最奇妙的祝福，而我们也是那些让你活下来的人之一。谨上，南希·里根注解：1.paralyzed['pærəlaizd]adj.瘫痪的，麻痹的2.chest

[tʃest]n.胸，胸腔；柜子，橱3.challenge[ˈtʃælindʒ]n挑战；质问4.pour

[pɔ:r]vt.灌，倒，注vi.倾泻，流出5.pile

[pail]n.一堆，一叠v.积累6.technical

[ˈteknikəl]a.技术的，工艺的语法点拨：1.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.【归纳】so…that…引导结果状语从句，表示“如此…以致…”,运用时要留意其倒装方式，如：Thisbookissointerestingthateveryonewantstoreadit.这本书很好玩，人人都想看看。==Sointerestingisthebookthateveryonewantstoreadit.留意：sothat…通常用于引导目的状语从句，表示“为了、以便…”,如：Theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.为了能赶上早班车，他们早早就起床了。2.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith"Funny"ifweneededalaugh.【归纳】thepileoflettersmarkedwith…其中markedwith为过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句thatweremarkedwith…。留意体会现在分词与过去分词作定语的差别：boiledwater开水 boilingwater正沸腾的水developedcountries发展的国家 developingcountries发展中国家fallenleaves落叶 fallingleaves正在飘落的叶子changedcondition变更了的状况changingcondition变更着的状况【美文阅读2】导读：本文介绍的是水城威尼斯。它是世界上唯一没有汽车的城市；它因水而生，因水而美，因水而兴，号称“亚得里亚海皇后”。Venice—QueenoftheAdriaticThehistoriccityofVenicestretchesacrossashallowsaltwaterlagooninnortheastItaly.Thecitywasonceamajorseapowerandanimportantcenterforpoliticsandtrade.Ithassincefadedfromgloryanddeclinedininfluence,butthe"QueenoftheAdriatic"remainsrichinbeauty,art,andtourism.①BuiltonastringofislandsalongsidetheAdriaticSea,Veniceisfamousforitscanals,whichserveasroads.Theonlytransportationintheoldcitycenterhasbeenbyboatoronfootforcenturies.TraditionalVenetianboatsstillferrytouriststhroughthenarrowcanals,thoughnowadaysmostVenetianstravelbymotorizedwaterbus.Archedfootbridgestraversethecanals,②addingtothepicturesquecharmofthisfairytalecity.VeniceisEurope'slargestcar-freeareaandaWorldHeritageSite.③Whileitsuniqueinfrastructureisenoughtomakeitahistoricgem,Venicealsoboastsarichculturalhistory.DuringtheRenaissance,VenicewasoneofthemostimportantmusicalcentersinEurope.Countlessbooks,plays,musicalcompositions,andworksofarthavebeeninspiredbyVenice.Presently,thecitydrawsmorethansevenmilliontouristsperyear.Sadly,thefutureofVeniceisthreatened.Sincethe20thcentury,whenwellsbegantodrawwaterfromthegroundtosupportlocalindustry,Venicehasbeensinking.Inmanyoldhouses,lowerlevelstaircasesarenowfloodedandformergroundfloorshavebecomeuninhabitable.Nevertheless,Venetianlife④goesonandthecitycontinuestocharmitsmanyvisitors.威尼斯——亚得里亚海皇后历史名城威尼斯横跨意大利东北部的一个咸水湖。这个城市曾经是一个主要的海上力气和重要的政治、贸易中心。虽然它从前的荣耀和影响力已经褪去，这位“亚得里亚海皇后”在美景、艺术与旅游业方面依旧特别富有。建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运输河而著名，运输河就是这个城市的道路。几百年来，旧城中心唯一的交通工具就是乘船或者步行。虽然现在大多数威尼斯人乘坐电动水上巴士，传统的威尼斯船只仍旧在狭窄的运输河中摆渡游客。拱形的人行天桥横贯运输河之上，为这座童话般的城市增加了如画般的吸引力。威尼斯是欧洲最大的无车区，也是世界遗产城市。虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝，威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。在文艺复兴时期，威尼斯是欧洲最重要的音乐中心之一。威尼斯激发了多数书籍、戏剧、乐曲和艺术品的产生。目前，这座城市每年吸引着七百多万游客。令人难受的是，威尼斯的将来受到了威逼。自从20世纪人们从水井抽取地下水支持当地工业起先，威尼斯起先了下沉。在很多老房子里，低层的楼梯浸在水中，以前的一楼已经无法住人。尽管如此，威尼斯的生活还在接着，这座城市使众多的游客为之沉醉。重点单词:1.lagoon[lə'guːn]n.咸水湖2.Adriatic[,eidri'ætik]adj.亚得里亚海的3.ferry['ferɪ]vt.（乘渡船）渡过；用渡船运输4.traverse['trævəs;trə'vɜːs]vt.穿过5.picturesque[,pɪktʃə'resk]adj.生动的；图画般的6.heritage['herɪtɪdʒ]n.遗产7.infrastructure['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə]n.基础设施8.gem[dʒem]n.宝石，珍宝；精华9.boast[bəʊst]包含，容纳；有10.Renaissance['rɛnəsɑns]n.文艺复兴（欧洲14至16世纪）重点短语/亮点句式：1.BuiltonastringofislandsalongsidetheAdriaticSea,Veniceisfamousforitscanals,whichserveasroads.建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运输河而著名，运输河就是这个城市的道路。（1）befamousfor因……而著名。如：Aschoolassuchshouldbefamousforitsteaching,itssportsandgames,anditsstrictdiscipline.一个像这样的学校，必需在教学、运动、球戏、及严格纪律训练等方面，能够著名。（2）which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词canals。如：Someoftheroadswereflooded，whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult.有些路被水淹了，这使得我们的行程更加困难。2.addto增加；加强。如：Thebadweatheraddedtotheshipwreckedsailors’difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。3.Whileitsuniqueinfrastructureisenoughtomakeitahistoricgem,Venicealsoboastsarichculturalhistory.虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝，威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。while在此意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如：Whileheloveshisstudents,heisstrictwiththem.虽然他爱他的学生，他对他们特别严厉。4.goon接着。如：Thissituationseemedtogoonindefinitely.这种状况好像要无限期地接着下去。名句背诵：Mostignoranceisvincibleignorance.Wedon’tknowbecausewedon’twanttoknow.（AldousHuxley,Britishwriter）大多无知是可以克服的。我们不知道只是因为我们不想知道。（英国作家奥尔德斯•赫胥黎）【话题解读】“历史与地理”是中学英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本学问、世界历史与地理的基本学问、重大历史事务以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过＂历史与地理＂这一话题的学习和高考考查，增加学生学习历史与地理的爱好，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。

近几年的高考英语中，“历史与地理”这个话题屡见不鲜。在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如2024年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2024年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2024年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2024年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等。

【相关词汇】Ⅰ.写作必记单词

1.attackvt.进攻；攻击

2.disappearvi.消逝→disappearancen.消逝；失踪

3.escapevi.逃跑

4.feedvt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……供应

5.localadj.当地的→locatevt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于)

→locationn.地点；位置

6.nativeadj.本地的；本土的

7.raisevt.饲养；提高

8.rangen.山脉；vi.排列；延长

9.ruinvt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭

10.strikev.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到

11.threatenvt.威逼；恐吓→threatn.威逼

Ⅱ.阅读识记单词

12.abolishvt.废除

13.aggressionn.侵略→aggressiveadj.侵略的；具有攻击性的

14.betrayvt.出卖；泄露机密

15.distributevt.发放；分发→distributionn.安排；配给

16.droughtn.干旱

17.dynastyn.朝代

18.eruptvi.(火山)爆发；喷发→eruptionn.爆发

19.frightenvt.使惊恐→frighteningadj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→frightenedadj.胆怯 的；受惊的

20.foggyadj.有雾的→fogn.雾

21.freezingadj.冰冻的；极冷的→freezevi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→frozenadj.结冰的，冷冻的

22.geographyn.地理

23.historicadj.历史的；有历史意义的→historyn.历史→historicaladj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的

24.historicaladj.与历史有关的

25.incidentn.事变

26.independencen.独立

27.invadevt.侵略

28.monumentn.纪念碑

29.mountainousadj.多山的

30.occupyvt.占据；使劳碌

31.originn.起源；由来

32.religionn.宗教

33.religiousadj.宗教的

34.remoteadj.偏远的；偏僻的

35.racialadj.种族的

36.revolutionn.革命

37.sacrificevt.牺牲

38.shortagen.缺乏

39.showern.阵雨；淋浴

40.supplyvt.供应；供应；n.供应；供应

41.terrifyvt.使恐怖

42.urbanadj.城市的；都市的

43.weaponn.武器

III.话题相关词汇1.地理geography2.古迹historicalspot3.省；州province/state4.首都；省会capital5.矿藏，矿物质mineral6.东南方的southeastern7.西北方的northwestern8.遗址ruin9.郡/县county10.华南SouthChina11.华北NorthChina12.师范高校NormalUniversity13.城市建筑urbanarchitecture14.艺术长廊theartgallery15.依据accordingto16.悠久历史havealonghistory/withalonghistory17.挨近；靠近becloseto18.矿产资源mineralresourceIV.话题相关词组1.城市规划urbanplanning2.城镇人口urbanpopulation3.追溯到datebackto4.以……为背景setin5.独有的特色uniquefeatures6.占地面积7434平方公里coveranareaof7，434squarekilometres7.人口超过600万haveapopulationofover6million/withapopulationofmorethan6million...8.2200年的悠久历史haveahistoryof2，200years/withahistoryof2，200yearsV.好用句型1.广州，别名花城，地处珠江三角洲(thePearlRiverDelta)北部，接近港澳。ThecityofGuangzhou,nicknamedasFlowerCity,islocatedinthenorthofthePearlRiverDelta,closetoHongkongandMacao.2.广州是广东省的政治经济文化中心。Guangzhouisthepolitical,economicandculturalcentreofGuangdongProvince.3.各地气候差异很大。Theclimatedifferssharplyfromoneareatoanother.4.澳大利亚拥有极为丰富的矿产资源，且铁矿储量居世界其次。Australiahasprettyrichmineralresources,anditsironresourceisranked2ndintheworld.VI.佳作背诵假定你是星光中学的中学毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“Whattolearninseniorhighschool”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经验谈谈自己的体会。请依据以下提纲打算一份英语发言稿。1.学会学习：方法、习惯等；2.学会做人：真诚、友善等；3.其他方面：自拟。[参考范文]WhattolearninseniorhighschoolGoodmorning,everyone!Itismygreathonourtobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.Inthecomingthreeyears,yourschoollifewillbechallenging.Firstly，youshouldlearntolearnefficiently.Personally，Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.Developingagoodhabitisalsoofimportance.Itreallybenefitedmealottopreviewlessons,getactivelyinvolvedinclassandreviewwhathadbeentaughtafterclass.Inaddition，youshouldlearnhowtogetalongwithothersinschool.Forexample，Irespectedteachersandwasfriendlywithclassmates.Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.Finally，youshouldtakepartinsportsandotheroutdooractivitiesfrequently.Astheyareveryhelpfultobuildupyourbodyandenrichyourschoollife.Nopains，nogains.Iamsurethatwithyourgreatefforts,youwillenjoyacolorfulandfruitfullifehere.Thankyou!I.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOnApril10,1912,theoceanlinerTitanicsetoffonitsfirstvoyagewithmorethan2,200peopleonboard.Itwasahistoricmoment.Theshipwasthelargestpassengershipintheworld.ButonthenightofApril14,theTitanicstruckagianticeberg.Withinhours,itsanktothebottomoftheocean.Therewereonlyenoughlifeboatsforabouthalfthepeopleonboard.Morethan1,500passengersandcrewmembersdied.Thetragedymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.Thetaleoftheshiphasinspiredmanybooks,playsandmovies.Thatincludes1997’sTitanic---oneofthemostpopularfilmsinhistory.Now,morethanacenturylater,areplica(复制品)oftheshipisbeingbuilt.TheTitanicIIisexpectedtofollowtherouteoftheoriginalship.Itisscheduledtolaunchin2024andsailfromSouthampton,England,toNewYorkCity.Inmanyways,theTitanicIIwillbehardtotellapartfromtheoriginalship.Itwillhavethesamecabinlayouts(布局)andservethesamefancymeals.ButaccordingtotheBlueStarLine,thecompanybuildingtheship,therewillbesomeimportantdifferences.TheTitanicIIwillhavethelatesttechnologyandsafetyfeatures---includingenoughmotor-drivenlifeboatsforeveryoneonboard.Thoughtheshipitselfwillbemoremodern,sailingonitwillbeajourneybackintime,saysClivePalmer,theOwnerofBlueStarLine.“Itisatribute(致敬)tothespiritofthemenandwomenwhoworkedontheoriginalTitanic,”hesays.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheTitanic?A.Itwasthelargestpassengershipofitsday.B.Morethan2,200peoplediedwhenitsankC.ItsetsailfromNewYorkCity.D.Itsankthefirstdayafteritsetsail.2.Whydoestheauthormentionthe1997movieTitanic?A.Todescribetheship’sdesign.B.Tohighlightthepublic’sinterestintheship.C.ToexplainwhytheTitanicsank.D.Tocomparethenewshipwiththeoriginalone.3.HowwilltheTitanicIIdifferfromtheoriginalship?A.ItwillfollowanewrouteacrosstheAtlanticOcean.B.Itwillservefancymealstopassengers.C.Itwillhaveenoughlifeboatsforallpassengers.D.Itwillhavesmallercabinsforpassengers.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheUnsinkableTitanicB.TheTitanicSailsAgainC.TitanicStoriesWillGoonD.TheReconstructionofTitanicBThefirstorganizedsystemforsendingmessagesbeganinEgyptaround1500B.C.ThissystemdevelopedbecausethepharaohsfrequentlyneededtosendmessagesupanddowntheNileRiverinordertokeeptheirempirerunningsmoothly.Later,thePersiansdevelopedamoreefficientsystemforsendingmessagesusingmenandhorses.MessagescarriersrodealongtheroadsystemstretchingfromoneendofthePersianEmpiretotheother.Alongtheseroads,freshmenandhorseswaitedatspecialstationstotakeandpassalonganymessagesthatneededtobesent.Thestationswhereriderspassedmessagesbackandforthwerebuilt23kilometersapart,sothemenandhorseswereabletotravelquicklybetweenthem.TheRomanslatertookuphisideaandimproveditbyusingamoreadvancedandextensiveroadsystem.InChina,however,KublaiKhanhadbuiltuphisownsystemfordeliveringmessages.ThissystemworkedinthesamebasicwayastheRomansystem.ThedifferencewasthatKublaiKhankept300,000horsesalongtheroadsofthisdeliverylines.Therewereover10,000stationswhereamessagewouldbepassedfromoneridertoanotherwithafreshhorse.Inthisway,KublaiKhancouldreceivemessagesfromanywhereinthecountryinonlyafewdays.Itwasnotuntilthe1500sthatawell-organizedpostalsystemappearedagaininEurope.Onefamily,thevonTaxisfamily,gainedtherighttodelivermailfortheHolyRomanEmpireandpartsofSpain.Thisfamilycontinuedtocarrymail,bothgovernmentandprivate,throughoutEuropeforalmost300years.In1653,aFrenchman,RenouarddeVelayer,establishedasystemfordeliveringpostinParis.Postalchargesatthattimewerepaidbytherecipient,butdeVelayer'ssystemwasuniquebyallowingthesendertopre-paythecharges,inasimilarwaytothemodernstamp.Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.Eventually,government-controlledpostalsystemstookoverfromprivatepostalbusinesses,andbythe1700sgovernmentownershipofmostpostalsystemsinEuropewasanacceptedfactoflife.Thethingthatalltheseearlysystemshadincommonwasthattheywerequiteexpensiveforpublicuse,andwereintendedforusebythegovernmentandthewealthy.However,in1840,aBritishschoolteachernamedRolandHillsuggestedintroducingpostagestamps,andapostalratebasedonweight.Thisresultedinloweringpostalrates,encouragingmorepeopletousethesystemtostayintouchwitheachother,HisideahelpedtheBritishpostalsystembegintoearnprofitsasearlyas1850.SoonafterthatmanyothercountriestookupMr.Hill'sidea.Andletterwritingbecameaccessibletoanyonewhocouldwrite.Today,theRolandHillawardsaregiveneachyearto"encourageandrewardfreshideaswhichhelppromotephilately"(stampcollecting).5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Howinternationalletterstravel. B.Asurprisingmethodfordeliveringmail.C.Thehistoryofpostalsystems. D.Changesinthemethodsofcommunication.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRenouarddeVelayeristrue?A.Hiswasagovernment-controlledsystem.B.Hiscompetitorsdestroyedhisbusiness.C.Hissystemlastedforhundredsofyears.D.Inhissystem,thepersonwhoreceivedtheletterpaidthepostagefees.7.Whichofthesystemsmentionedinthepassagewasmostlikethepostalsystemtoday?A.Egyptian. B.Chinese.C.deVelayer's. D.vonTaxis's.8.WhatwasRolandHill'sgreatestachievement?A.Hemadeletterwritingaccessibletotheaverageperson.B.HemadealotofmoneyfortheBritishpostalsystem.C.Hemadestampcollectingapopularhobby.D.Hewonanawardforletterwriting.CAustraliaisasocietyofpeoplefromarichdiversity(多样)ofcultural,ethnic,linguistic(语言的)andreligiousbackgrounds.MostAustraliansareimmigrantsorthedescendants(后裔)ofimmigrantswhoarrivedoverthepasttwocenturiesfrommorethan200countries.CulturalandlinguisticdiversitywasafeatureofAustralianlifebeforeEuropeansettlementandremainsadefiningfeatureofmodernsociety.ImmigrationbeganwithEuropeansettlementin1788.Itcontinuedatasteadypace—reaching50,000ayearduringtheGoldRushPeriodofthe1850s—untilthepopulationreachedsevenmillioninthe1940s.MostsettlerswerefromaBritishbackground.SincetheSecondWorldWar,theAustraliangovernment’simmigrationprogramhasbroughtmorethan6.6millionmigrantstoAustralia.Today,almostoneinfourofAustralia’sestimatedresidentpopulationof24millionwasbornoverseas.Thelast50yearshaveseenasignificantchangeinthesourcecountriesofpeoplewhochoosetocomehere.Inthe1960s,45%ofallnewsettlerswerebornintheUnitedKingdomandIreland.By2006to2007,thishadfallento17%,withsettlersandlong-termvisitorsincreasingfromcountriesintheAsia-Pacificregion,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.Australiarecognizes,acceptsandrespectsculturaldiversity.Therearefewcountriesintheworldwheremigrantshaveachievedthelevelofeconomic,political,socialandculturalparticipationthattheyhaveinAustralia.ForeignlanguagesaretaughtinmostmainstreamAustralianschoolsanduniversities,aswellasincommunityethnicschools,manyofwhicharefundedbytheAustraliangovernment.TheAustraliangovernmentspendsalargeamountofmoneyeveryyearsupportingtheteachingandlearningforAsian,Europeanandindigenous(本土的)AustralianlanguagesandAustraliansignlanguageforthedeafinmainstreamschoolsaswellasthroughcommunitylanguageprograms.Foreignlanguagesaretaughtinbothprimaryandsecondaryschools.ThemostpopularlanguagesstudiedareJapanese,Chinese,French,Italian,German,Indonesian,Spanish,Vietnamese,ArabicandLatin.Around50%ofstudentsstudyaforeignlanguageatsometimeduringtheirprimaryandsecondaryschooling.Almost150languagesaretaughtinmainstreamandnon-mainstreamsettings.9.Fromthetext,wecanlearnthat.A.Australiabegantohavewavesofimmigrantsfrom1788B.mostAustraliansareimmigrantsfromaBritishbackgroundC.therewasn’tanyculturaldiversityinAustralianlifeuntilmoderntimesD.about6.6millionpeopleimmigratedtoAustraliaduringWorldWarII10.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout.A.Australia’sestimatedresidentpopulationB.theeffectsofAustralia’simmigrationprogramC.theincreaseinsettlersandlong-termvisitorsD.thechangeinthesourcecountriesofimmigrants11.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePopulationofAustralia.B.TheForeignLanguagesofAustralia.C.TheimmigrationPolicyofAustralia.D.TheculturalandLinguisticDiversityofAustralia.DRecentlyaccordingtoanewresearch,humanshavehadalinktostarches(含淀粉的食物)forupto120,000years—that’smorethan100,000yearslongerthanwe’vebeenabletoplanttheminthesoilduringthetimeoftheiceAge’sdrawingtoanend.TheresearchispartofanongoingstudyintothehistoryofMiddleStoneAgecommunities.AninternationalteamofscientistsidentifiedevidenceofprehistoricstarchconsumptionintheKlasiesRiverCave,inpresent-daySouthAfrica.Analyzingsmall,ashy,undisturbedhearths(壁炉)insidethecave,theresearchersfound“piecesofburnedstarches”rangingfromaround120,000to65,000yearsold.Itmadethemtheoldestknownexamplesofstarcheseatenbyhumans.Thefindingsdonotcomeasacompletesurprise—butratheraswelcomeconfirmationofoldertheoriesthatlackedtherelatedevidence.TheleadauthorCynthiaLarbeysaidthattherehadpreviouslyonlybeengeneticbiologicalevidencetosuggestthathumanshadbeeneatingstarchforthislong.Thisnewevidence,however,takesusdirectlytothedinnertable,andsupportsthepreviousassumptionthathumans’digestiongenesgraduallyevolvedinordertofitintoanincreaseddigestionofstarch.Co-authorSarahWurzsaid,“ThestarchremainsshowthattheseearlyhumanslivingintheKlasiesRiverCavecouldbattleagainsttheirtoughenvironmentandfindsuitablefoodsandperhapsmedicines.Andasmuchasweallstilldesirethetubers(块茎),thesecavecommunitiesweregillingstarchessuchaspotatoesontheirfoot-longhearths.Theyknewhowtobalancetheirdietsaswellastheycould,withfatsfromlocalfishandotheranimals.”Asearlyasthe1990s,someresearchersstartedtostudythehearthsintheKlasiesRiverCave.ScientistHilaryDeaconfirstsuggestedthatthesehearthscontainedburnedplants.Atthetime,thepropermethodsofexaminingtheremainswerenotyetavailable.Wenowknowhumanbeingshavealwaysbeensearchingfortheirdesiredthings.12.Whendidhumansbegintofarmstarches?A.AftertheIceAge. B.AftertheMiddleStoneAge.C.About20,000yearsago. D.About100,000yearsago.13.Whatwasthepreviousassumptionofstarches?A.Starchdietpromotedfoodculture. B.Starchdietshapedhumans’evolution.C.Starcheshadavarietyoffunctions. D.Starchesofferedhumansrichnutrition.14.WhatcanwelearnabouttheearlyhumansdescribedbySarahWurz?A.Theyweresmartandtough. B.Theypreferredplantstomeat.C.Theyweregenerallyveryhealthy. D.Theygotalongwitheachother.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.GreatCivilizationofSouthAfrica B.TheEvolutionofFoodsinHistoryC.Starches--theImportantFoodofToday D.BigFindings--theStarchesinAncientTimesA【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲解并描述了泰坦尼克号沉船事务在当时引起了极大的公众关注，泰坦尼克2号将采纳最新的技术和平安装备，确保平安。1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Theshipwasthelargestpassengershipintheworld.这艘船是世界上最大的客船。”可知在当时泰坦尼克号是最大的客船，故答案为A。2.推理推断题。依据第三段“Thetragedymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.Thetaleoftheshiphasinspiredmanybooks,playsandmovies.这一悲剧成为全世界的头条新闻。这艘船的故事激发了很多书籍、戏剧和电影的灵感。”可知泰坦尼克号沉船这件事在当时引起了极大的公众关注，结合选项可知答案为B。3.细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段“TheTitanicIIwillhavethelatesttechnologyandsafetyfeatures---includingenoughmotor-drivenlifeboatsforeveryoneonboard.泰坦尼克2号将拥有最新的技术和平安装备，包括足够的机动救生艇供船上全部人运用。”可知泰坦尼克2号有足够的救生艇，更加平安，故答案为C。4.主旨大意题。文章的主要内容是：泰坦尼克号沉船事务在当时引起了极大的公众关注，泰坦尼克2号将采纳最新的技术和平安装备，确保平安。由文章的主要内容可知本文着重强调泰坦尼克2号的诞生，结合选项可知答案为B。B【答案】5.C6.B7.C.A【解析】本篇是说明文。主要介绍了世界邮政体系形成的来龙去脉。5.主旨大意题。文章介绍了世界邮政体系的雏形，新独创及在各国的发展详情。选项A大意与本文无关；B涉及，但不能概括全文；D面太广，communicationmethods有很多种，不能切中大意。故选C。6.推理推断题。第四段的第三句Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.可知他对手把活老鼠放入信箱导致他生