专题19 非谓语动词（三）-中考英语语法单项选择题专项突破（解析版）

考点七.非谓语动词用于一些短语及特殊结构1.非谓语动词用于一些短语有些结构要求用不定式，有些结构要求用动名词。1）只能用带to的不定式的短语有：do/tryone’sbest,makeupone’smind,should/wouldlike/love,beused(用于做…),prefer…ratherthan（不带to）,besaid/supposed/reported等。2）只能用不带to的不定式的结构有：wouldrather,hadbetter,whynot,doanything/everything/nothingbut等。3）只能用动名词的短语有：bebusy/through/worth,beused/accustomedto(习惯于…),lookforwardto,devote…to,getdownto,turnto,feellike,giveup,can’thelp,what/howabout,prefer…to…,havedifficulty/trouble/problem/fun/agood/hardtime,spendtime/money(in)等。1.—WhatdidyoudolastSundaymorning?(营口)—Itwohoursbooks.A.took;toreadB.spend;toreadC.spent;readingD.take:read【答案】C2.MyfavoriteTVprogramis“Readers”.Ithinkweshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecan _______inoursparetime.(哈尔滨)A.read B.toread C.reading【答案】C【解析】句意：我最喜欢的节目是《朗读者》。我想我们应多花些业余时间来看书。spendtime(in)doingsth.意为“花费时间做某事”。3.—Howdoesyourfathergotoworkeveryday?(铜仁)—Heusedtoabusbutnowheisusedto.A.take;walk B.taking;walkingC.talking;walkD.take;walking【答案】D【解析】句意：我爸爸以前经常坐公交车上班，但是现在他习惯走路去上班了。usedtodo表示“过去常常做某事（而现在已经不做了）”，beusedtodoing表示“习惯于做某事”。故选D。4.Dianausedto______towork,butnowsheisusedto______becausetheroadiscrowdedandshewantstokeepfit.(泰州)A.drive;walking B.drive;walk C.driving;walk D.driving;walking【答案】A【解析】句意：狄安娜过去常开车上班，但现在她习惯步行了，因为道路很拥挤，她也想保持身体健康。usedto后跟动词原形，表示“过去经常做某事”；beusedto后跟动名词，表示“习惯做某事”。5.Weusedto_________intheevening,butnowweareusedto_________earlyinthemorning.(新疆建设兵团)A.exercise;exercise B.exercise;exercisingC.exercised;exercise D.exercising;exercise【答案】B【解析】句意：我们过去常在晚上锻炼，但现在我们喜欢在早上锻炼。usedtodosth.意为“过去常常做某事”；beusedtodoingsth.意为“习惯于做某事”。故选B。6.—Doyouprefer________basketballwithme?(达州)一No,I’drather_________athomeandwatchTV.A.play,stay B.toplay,tostayC.play,tostay D.toplay,stay【答案】D【解析】prefertodosth.意为“乐意做某事”；wouldratherdosth.意为“宁愿做某事”。故选D。学科*网7.Whenitrains,I______stayathomeratherthangoout.（青海）A.liketo B.wouldrather C.preferto【答案】C【解析】句意：当天气下雨时，我宁愿待在家里，也不愿意外出。prefertodo…ratherthando…是固定句型，意为“宁愿……，也不愿……”。8.Ilookforwardyousoon.(白银)A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.toseeing【答案】D9.Itisrainingoutside.Whynot________anumbrella?(齐齐哈尔)A.totake B.take C.taking【答案】B【解析】句意：外面正在下雨。为什么不拿把雨伞呢？Whynot后接动词原形，表示提出建议。10.—Excuseme!Isthereasupermarketnearhere?(广安)—Sorry,I’mnewheretoo.Whynot_______theoldladyoverthere?A.askingB.askC.asksD.toask【答案】B【解析】句意：——打扰了！这附近有超市吗？——真抱歉，我也是新来的。为什么不问问那边那个老太太？Whynotdosth.?意为“为什么不做某事？”，是固定句式。11.—Whydoesn’tthesurgeonstop_____lunch?(常州)—Becauseheistoobusy_____adyingpatientintheoperationroom.A.tohave;tosave B.having;tosaveC.tohave;saving D.having;saving【答案】C【解析】句意：——为什么这名外科医生不停下来吃午饭？——因为他在手术室拼命忙着挽救一位濒危病人。stoptodosth是“停下来（去做）某事”；“忙于做某事”用bebusydoing。12.Theworkersarebusy________windowstothenewbuildingthesedays.(上海)A)fixB)fixedC)fixingD)tofix【答案】C【解析】句意：这些天工人们正忙着给新楼安窗户。bebusydoingsth.意为“忙于做某事”，是固定搭配。故选C。13.Theresearchhedevoteshimselfto_____thefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant.(淮安)A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helped【答案】A【解析】句意：他致力于帮助农民们拥有更好的丰收的研究非常重要。动词短语devoteoneselfto中的to是介词，后跟动名词。14.XuYuanchong,a96-year-oldman,devotesmostofhislifetimetoworksofliterature.(镇江)A.translate B.translates C.translating D.translated【答案】C【解析】句意：许渊冲，一位96岁的老人，将其一生献给了文学著作的翻译事业。devote…todoingsth.意为“把时间(钱、精力等)献给……，致力于……”，to是介词，后跟动名词。15.—ShallwestayathomewatchingTVtonight?—No,I’dlike_______andseeamovie.A.GoB.togoC.goingD.went【答案】B【解析】wouldliketodosth.表示“愿意做某事”。2.非谓语动词的否定式及其复合结构1）非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前加not等否定词。2）不定式的复合结构由“for/ofsb.todosth.”构成，主要用于“it’s+adj+of/forsbtodosth”句型。在这个句型中，如果形容词是kind,polite,rude,careful,careless,cruel等说明人的品格，则介词用of；如果是easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,dangerous,cheap,expensive,convenient,useful等说明不定式动作的，则介词用for。1.You’dbetter_______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.(白银)spendnotB.tonotspendC.notspendD.notspending【答案】C【解析】句意：你最好不要花太多的时间打电脑游戏。Hadbetter后接不带to的不定式，即hadbetterdosth，其否定式是hadbetternotdosth。2.It’snecessaryforyou______theclassroomclean,class.(益阳)A.keepB.keepingC.tokeep【答案】C【解析】句意：同学们，对你们来说保持教室的整洁是很有必要的。forsb.todosth.是不定式的复合结构。3.—Wasitnecessary______John______somephotosbeforetheoldman?(泰州)—Ithinkso.Inthisway,hecouldprotecthimselflater.A.of;taking B.for;taking C.of;totake D.for;totake【答案】D4.Nowadays,it'sconvenientandcheapforus____ashared-bicycle.(昆明)A.ride B.toride C.flying D.tofly【答案】B【解析】句意：现在，骑共享自行车是一件方便而便宜的事情。forsbtodosth是不定式的复合结构，在此作主语。5.Ithinkit’susefulforyouasecondlanguage.A.learn B.tolearn C.learning D.tolearning【答案】B【解析】句意：我认为再学一门语言是有用的。It’sadj.forsb.todosth.为固定句型，意为“某人做某事是……的”。故选B。3.其他特殊结构1）ittakessbsometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间。2）itistime(forsb)todosth.该（某人）做某事了。3）itisbettertodosth.最后做某事。4）Can/Could/Do/Didyoudo…?这是实义动词的一般疑问句形式，即“助动车+主语+动词原形+其他”。1.—Ittakesmehalfanhour________playingthepiano.Howaboutyou?(齐齐哈尔)—Iusuallyspend20minutes_________it.A.practicing,on B.topractice,in C.topractice,on【答案】C2.Couldyouplease_____TVnow?I'mstudyingformytest.(重庆渝北)A.notwatchB.nottowatchC.don'twatchD.can'twatch【答案】A【解析】句意：请你不要看电视好吗？我正在为我的测试学习。“Couldyoupleasenotdosth.?”表示“请不要做……，好吗？”，是固定句式。故选A。3.It’stimeforme____goodbyetomymotherschool.Iwillneverforgetallmy____love.(龙东)A.tosay;teachers’ B.saying;teachers’ C.tosay;teacher’s【答案】A【解析】句意：对我来说该对我的母校说再见了，我将永远不会忘记所有老师们的爱。第一个空格为It’stimeforsb.todosth.句型；第二个空应用名词复数的所有格作定语，故选A。巩固练习：1.Samusedto________gamesforfun,butnowhewantstodo______.(眉山)A.play;somethingelseB.playing;somethingelseC.play;elsesomethingD.playing;elsesomething2.—HaveyouseentheTVplayMyUglyMother?—Yes,it’swellworth_______.It’ssomovingthatIhaveseenittwice.seenB.seeingC.toseeD.beingseen3.Dick______inAmerica,buthehasbeenChinesefoodsincehemovedtoChina.(阜康)A.usedtolive;usedtoeatingB.isusedtolive;usedtoeatC.isusedtolive;usedtoeatingD.usedtoliving;usedtoeat4.—I’mverytiredthesedaysbecauseofstudyingfortheexam.—Whynot_______music.listenB.listeningtoC.tolistentoD.listento5.—Mario,yourmobilephoneisringing.(南充)—Waitaminute.It’sdangerousforus_______itwhilecrossingthestreet.A.answering B.toanswer C.answer D.answered6.—Howdoesyourbrothergotoschool?（丹东）—He________rideabike,butnowhe_________theretokeepfit.A.usedto;isusedtowalk B.usedto:isusedtowalkingC.wasusedto;isusedtowalking D.usedto;isusedtowalking7.Hereyesightissopoorthatshehastrouble________.A.walkB.towalkC.walkingD.walks8.Lydiadoesn’tfeellike______abroad.Herparentsareold.(2011四川)A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy9.Itisn'teasyfor