河南省2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题（含解析）

2024-2025学年度（上）高三期中考试英语试题考试时间：120分钟；满分：120分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将正确答案填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、CD四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADriverWantedCleandrivinglicense(执照).Mustbeofsmartappearance.Ageover25.Applyto(申请):CapesTaxi,17PalaceRoad,Royston.AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWantedApplicants(申请者)mustbebetween20and33yearsold.Height:1.6mto1.75m.EducationtoGCSEstandard.Twolanguages.Mustbeabletoswim.Applyto:Recruitment(招聘)office,SouthernAirlines,HeathrowAirportWest.HR37KK.TeachersNeededForprivatelanguageschool.Havingcollegeeducation.Teachingexperienceunnecessary.Applyto:TheDirectorofStudies,InstantLanguagesLtd.279CanalStreet,Royston.1．WhatpreventsJack,anexperiencedtaxidriver,workingforCapesTaxi?A．Unabletospeakaforeignlanguage.B．Punishedforspeedingandwrongparking.C．Fondofbeerandwine.D．Nothavingcollegeeducation.2．WhatpreventsMary,aged25,becominganairhostess?A．Shehasneverworkedasanairhostessbefore.B．Shedoesn'tfeellikeworkinglonghoursflyingabroad.C．Shecan'tspeakJapaneseverywell.D．Sheoncebrokeatrafficlawandwasfined3．Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthethreeadvertisements?A．Education. B．Workingexperience.C．Maleorfemale. D．Marriage.B“Colour”and“color”,“favourite”and“favorite”,“honour”and“honor”…HaveyoueverwonderedwhyAmericansspellthosewordswithouta“u”?Isitbecausetheyarelazy?Ofcoursenot.Infact,thedifferenceinspellingwasstartedbyNoahWebster(1758—1843).Hewasateacherwhoreformed(改革)EnglishtomakeAmericanidentity(特征)stronger.Linguists(语言学家)celebratehisbirthdayonOctober16everyyear.AftertheRevolutionaryWar(1775—1783),WebsterbelievedthatAmericansshouldhavetheirowndictionary,ratherthanrelyonBritishdictionaries.HedroppedtheBritish“u”insomewords.Andhechanged“centre”into“center”forchildrentolearnEnglishbyspellingwordsmorelikewhattheysounded.Heused“subway”insteadofBritishword“underground”.Someotherexamplesare“soccer”and“football”,“fall”and“autumn”.Websterwasn’tshyaboutexpressinghisopinions.Indefining(定义)preposterous(unreasonable),hewrote:“Arepublicangovernmentinthehandsoffemaleispreposterous.”Websterspent28yearsontheprojectbeforecompletingthe70,000-worddictionarywithhisAmerican-stylespellingin1828.Healsoaddedlocalwords.Hisdictionarywaswidelyusedinschools.Linguistsbelievedithelpedanewcountryachieveunity(统一)andculturalindependenceatatimewhenmostpeoplecaredaboutpoliticalfreedom.“HewasthecreatorofourlanguageandthecreatorofAmericanidentity,”saidJoshuaKendall,whoisworkingonabookaboutWebster.“Heatlastbroughtustogetherthroughourlanguage.”4．WhichisNOTtrueaboutWebster’sdictionary?A．Ithaslocalwordsinit.B．Itisa70,000-worddictionary.C．Allthewordsarespelledwithout“u”.D．ItswordsareinAmerican-stylespelling.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“relyon”inParagraph2mean?A．Dependon. B．Trustin. C．Putupwith. D．Giveup.6．WhatdopeoplethinkofWebster’sdictionary?A．ItistheonlydictionarythatAmericansstillusetoday.B．IthelpedtobringAmericanstogetherbesidesitsculturalinfluence.C．IthasnoinfluenceonthedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.D．IthelpedtomakeAmericanEnglishmoreusefulthanBritishEnglish.7．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．ThedevelopmentoftheBritishEnglish.B．AmericanEnglishisbetterthanBritishEnglish.C．NoahWebsteraddedlocalwordstothedictionary.D．NoahWebsterwroteanAmericanEnglishdictionaryandreformedEnglish.COneAugustafternoon,RichardAllendroppedoffhislastpassenger,Mrs.Carey.Liftingtwogrocerybags,hefollowedheracrosstheyardandstoodonthestepofherhouse.Glancingup,hesawalargewasp(黄蜂)nestundertheroof.Allenhadheardthatwaspscanbecomemorelikelytosting(蜇)insummer.HementionedthistoMrs.Carey,whohadopenedthedoor.“Oh,theydon’tbotherme,”shesaidlightly.“Igoinandoutallthetime.”Anxiously,Allenlookedatthenestagain——toseethewaspsflyingstraightathim.“Hurry!”heshoutedtoMrs.Carey.“Getin!”Shesteppedquicklyinside.Allenranforhismini-bus.Toolate;theywereuponhim.Justashejumpedaboard,halfadozenredspotsshowedonhisarm,andhefeltmoreonhisbackandshoulders.Ashewasdrivingdowntheroad,Allenfeltasifsomethingwasburningatthebackofhisneck,andthe“fire”wasspreadingforwardtowardhisface.Andimmediateanxietytookholdofhim.Allenknewthatstingscouldcausesomepersonstodie.Buthehadbeenstungtheprevioussummerandtheafter-effectssoonpassed.However,whathedidn’tknowwhatthatthefirststinghadturnedhisbodyintoatimebombwaitingforthenexttosetoffanexplosion.Milesfromthenearestmedicalassistance,Allenbegantofeelhistonguethickandheavyandhisheartbeatlouder.Mostfrightening,hefelthisbreathingmoreandmoredifficult.Hereachedfortheradiomike(话筒),tryingtocallthemini-buscenter,buthiswordswerehardlyunderstandable.Signalswerealsopoorthatfarout.Heknewarescueteamwason24-hourdutyattheAmherstFireDepartment’snorthstation.Sohisbestchancewastomakearunforit.Rushingdownthemountain,Allentriednottopanic,focusinghismindoneachsharpturn.Hewasalmostthroughthelastofthemwhenhefeltsurehewasgoingintoshock(休克).Justthenhereachedfortheradiomikeagain.“Callfirestation,”heshouted,concentratingtoformthewords.“Emergency.Beesting.Emergency.Thereintenminutes.”“Five-ten,”thecenterreplied.Holdon,Allenthought.Keepyoureyesopen.Breathe.Keepawake.Atlasthereachedthestation.Twofiremenranout.Allenfelttheirhandsgrasphimbeforehehittheground.Youmadeit,hethought.8．Itismentionedinthepassagethatwaspsaremorelikelytoattackwhen_______.A．therearehugenoisesB．strangersareapproachingC．theairisfilledwithfoodsmellD．thehottestseasoncomesaround9．Allendidn’tknowthatifstungbywaspsagain,hewould_______.A．havenoafter-effectsB．sufferfromsharperpainC．surelylosehislifeD．becomemoresensitive10．Allenfailedathisfirstattempttosendhismessagetothemini-buscenterbecause_______.A．hewasunabletospeakclearlyB．hisradioequipmentwaspoorC．hewasinastateofshockD．noonewasonduty11．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Allen,AHelplessDriverB．Wasps,BloodyKillersC．ARaceAgainstDeathD．WarAgainstWaspsDArmyantsaremainlydistributedinSouthAmericaandAfricaandmostlyliveintheAmazonRiverbasin.Theyliketoliveingroupsandgenerallyoneortwomillioninagroup.Theyaremigratory,havenofixedonthemove.Whenencounteringobstaclessuchasgaps,armyantsareabletoconnecttheirbodiestoeachotherandbuildabridgeforlargegroupsofantstopassthrough,savingcrawlingdistance.Thebridgecanbebuiltandremovedveryquickly,inseconds.ChristopherReidoftheUniversityofSydney’sInsectBehaviourandEcologyLaboratory,saidthatwhenstudyingtheantbridge,heinitiallyassumedthatoncetheantbridgewasbuiltthetwoendpositionsofthebridgewouldbefixed,andthebridgeitselfwouldberelativelystationary(不动的).However,afterobservation,itwasfoundthattheantbridgewouldconstantlychangeaccordingtothearmyants’knowledgeoftheoutsideworld.Theantbridgecanmoveslowlyfromtheoriginalposition,increasingthenumberofantsinthebridge,extendingthelengthofthebridge,sothatotherantsmaysavealotofeffortsbyusingtheantbridgeinsteadoftakingotherroutes.Inthisway,itcancontinuouslycompressthedistancetothetargetarea.Meanwhile,theresearchershavealsofoundthatthechangingantbridgedoesnotalwaysachievetheshortestdistance.Whenthebridgeisextendedtoacertainextent,thenumberofantsinvolvedintheconstructionoftheantbridgewillnotcontinuetoincrease,andthelengthofthebridgewillstopgrowing.Researchersbelievethatarmyantsusethebestmethodsintheconstructionofbridges.Sincetheantsinvolvedinbuildingthebridgeareunabletoparticipateinotherwork,thecolonystopsputtinginmoreantsassoonasitfindsthatthenumberofantsputintoextendingthebridgeisoutofbalancewiththenumberofantsneededforotherjobs.12．Whatismainlyintroducedaboutarmyantsinparagraph1?A．Theirmigration. B．Theirdistribution.C．Theirlivinghabits. D．Theirhuntingtargets.13．Whatdidtheresearchfindaboutthebridgebuiltbyarmyants?A．Itbecomeslongerconstantly.B．Itkeepsunchangedoncebuilt.C．Itachievestheshortestdistance.D．Itisadjustedaccordingtotheneeds.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compress”meaninparagraph3?A．Reduce. B．Calculate. C．Neglect. D．Judge.15．Whatisthewritingpurposeofthetext?A．Tostresstheimportanceofcooperation.B．Toexplainarmyants’incrediblestrength.C．Toshowarmyants’collectiveintelligence.D．Toindicatetheharmonybetweennatureandhuman.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Usually,youspendmostofyourtimeathome.16However,withallthesmellsahomeexperiences,suchasthosecreatedbycooking,peopleandpets,keepingitsmellinggoodisoftenadifficulttask.Abad-smellinghomeisnotonlyunpleasanttovisit,butgivestheimpressionthatyourhomeisalsounclean,whichisn’talwaysthecase.Fortunately,youcankeepyourhomesmellingfreshandcleanwithafewtechniques.17Additionally,pickupanyobjectsfromthefloor,suchasclothingortowels,andplacetheminthebox.Washyourdishesdaily,whichwillkeepyourhomesmellingfresh.Dusttheobjectsinyourhomeonceweekly.Rubasoftclothoveryourtelevisionandtopoffurnituretoremovethedustylayer.Useapolishingsprayforextrashine.Washyourbedclothesonaweeklybasis.Sheets,blanketsandpillowcasesoftenholdgerms,whichcauseasmelltooccur.Sowashthemregularly.18Batheyourdoganditsbeddingregularly.Adog’ssmellcantransmitfromtheanimaltoyourfloors,furnitureandbedclothes.Washthedogtopreventsmells,aswellasdirt,mudandothermaterialsfrombeingtransferredfromyourdogtoyouritemsinyourhome.19Brushingdailycanalsoreleasesmellsandmaterialsthatcancausethedogtocreateafoulsmellinyourhome.Shampoo（用洗涤剂洗）yourcarpets.20Sothedirtycarpetscanmakeyourentirehomesmellnot-so-fresh.Cleaningcarpetscanremoveanytrappedsmellsaswell.A．Mostdogslikehavingabath.B．Wipedownyourkitchendaily.C．Youfindyourhomeisalwaysinamess.D．Smellsoftenbecometrappedinthematerial.E．Mostdogsbenefitfromanonce-a-weekbath.F．Obviously,it’sworthwhiletospendtimeonthem.G．Itiscertainthatyouwantahomewhichsmellsfresh.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mrs.Joneswasovereighty,butshestilldroveheroldcarlikeawomanhalfherage.Sheloveddrivingveryfast,andwasproudofthefact21shehadnever,inherthirty-fiveyearsofdriving,beenpunished22adrivingoffence(犯规，犯法).Thenonedayshenearly23herrecord.Apolicecar24her,andthepolicemeninitsawher25aredlightwithoutstopping.Ofcourse,shewasstopped.Itseemed26thatshewouldbepunished27Mrs.Jonescameuptothejudge,helookedatherseriouslyandsaidthatshewas28oldtodriveacar,andthatthe29whyshehadnotstoppedatthered30wasmostprobablythathereyeshadbecomeweak31oldage,sothatshehadsimplynotseenit.Whenthejudgehadfinishedwhathewas32,Mrs.Jonesopenedthebighandbagshewas33andtookouthersewing.Withoutsayingaword,she34aneedlewithaverysmalleye,andthreadeditatherfirstattempt.Whenshehad35donethis,shetookthethreadoutoftheneedleagainandhandedboththeneedleandthethreadtothejudge,saying,“Nowitisyourturn.Isupposeyoudriveacar,andthatyouarequitesureaboutyourowneyesight.”Thejudgetooktheneedleandtriedtothreadit.Afterhalfadozentries,hehadstillnotsucceeded.Thecase(案例)againstMrs.Joneswasdismissed,andherrecordremainedunbroken.21．A．which B．when C．that D．this22．A．about B．on C．to D．for23．A．kept B．won C．missed D．lost24．A．watched B．after C．followed D．ranafter25．A．pass B．go C．run D．rush26．A．sure B．indeed C．certain D．perhaps27．A．Before B．While C．Until D．When28．A．so B．very C．too D．quite29．A．cause B．reason C．matter D．trouble30．A．light B．lamp C．sign D．one31．A．with B．because C．for D．of32．A．speaking B．saying C．talking D．telling33．A．holding B．getting C．carrying D．bringing34．A．took B．brought C．picked D．chose35．A．almost B．hardly C．successfully D．successful第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Livinginspaceiseverywould-beastronaut’sdream.Mysix-monthstayonaspacestation36(come)toanend,andithasbeen37challengingbutmagicaladventure.Ibetyou’dlovetoknowwhatdailylifeis38upinspaceandhowitdiffersfrom39ontheEarth—thelowgravitydefinitelymakesordinarythingsstrange!The40(strange)oflivinginspaceisapparentfromthemomentwesleep.Theroutinetasksthatoccupymostofthedayaredemanding,buttheycanalsobe41(extreme)rewarding.Themostchallengingworktakesplacewhenweneedtoperformtasksoutsidethespacestation.Inviewofthelow-gravityenvironment,42(eat)isalsodifferentinspace.Spendingsometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts,health.Wehaveto43(tie)ontospeciallydesignedexerciseequipment44(stop)ourselvesfromfloatingaround.Duringourleisuretime,there’snothingwelikemorethantositback45therestofthecrewandwatchourremarkableplanetgoby,takingpicturesforourfamilyandfriendsbackhome.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46．假定你是红星中学学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他计划在学校组织一个有关中国传统文化的社团，向你征求建议。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.推荐具体社团类型；2.给出推荐理由；3.表达期待与祝愿。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sincerelyyours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Gustavo’sfavoritesportissoccer.Whenhewasonlyfouryearsold,hisolderbrothertaughthimhowtokicktheball.Atfirst,Gustavowasneverabletomaketheballgowherehewantedittogo.NowGustavoiseightyearsold,andhehashadalotofpractice.Gustavo’sbrotherlikestokicktheballwithhisrightfoot.“ButGustavodoesn’t.Instead,helikestokickitwithhisleftfootsothatitmakesaloudsound-thwack!Gustavocallsithisluckyleftfoot.WhenGustavokicksthesoccerballhardwithhisleftfoot,hecanmakeitflyintothegoal.GustavolivesinRiodeJaneiro,oneofthebiggestcitiesinBrazil.RiodeJaneiroisonthebeachandhasverywarmweather.AllofGustavo’sfriendslovetoplaysoccerwhentheygetoutofschool.Today,thereisanewboyatschool.HisnameisFelipe,andhecomesfromSaoPaulo.SaoPauloisanothercityinBrazilandhaslotsoftallbuildingscalledskyscrapers.Afterschool,theboysinviteFelipetoplaysoccerwiththem.Felipesaysokaybutlooksverynervous,Astheywalktothesoccerfield,GustavoasksFelipe,”What’swrong?“Felipesighsandsays,”Idon’tknowhowtoplaysoccer.Itriedonceandeverybodylaughedatme.“GustavopatsFelipeontheshoulder.”That’salright,“saysGustavo.”Iusedtobereallybadtoo.Youhavetokeeptrying.”Thegamestarts,andGustavomovestothefrontofthefield.Heplaystheforwardpositionandisalwaystryingtoscoreagoalontheotherteam,Gustavofeelshappyeverytimeheplayssoccerandtonightheisplayingevenbetterthanusual.Hestealstheballfromtheotherteamandrunswithitasfastashecan.Finallyhehasscoredtwogoals.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Afterthegame,GustavoandFelipestayonthefieldtopractice.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TherestoftheweekGustavoandFelipepracticeonthesoccerfieldaftertheotherboysleave.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：题号12345678910答案BBDCABDDCA题号11121314151617181920答案CCDACGBFED题号21222324252627282930答案CDDCACDCBA题号3132333435答案ABCDC1．B2．B3．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三篇广告，招聘不同的职位以及具体要求。1．细节理解题。根据DriverWanted部分“Cleandrivinglicense(执照).(干净的驾驶执照)”可知，应聘成为司机需要良好的驾驶记录，结合选项，“因超速和违章停车而受到处罚”会阻止杰克为CapesTaxi工作。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWanted部分“AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWanted(招聘国际航班空姐)”可知，“不想在国外长时间工作”会阻止25岁的玛丽成为国际航班的空姐。故选B项。3．细节理解题。根据AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWanted部分，“AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWanted(招聘国际航班空姐)”可知，词是国际航班招聘空姐，广告提及了对性别的要求；根据TeachersNeeded部分“Havingcollegeeducation.Teachingexperienceunnecessary.(受过大学教育。没有必要有教学经验)”可知，广告提及了对教育和工作经验的要求，文中没有提及婚姻要求。故选D项。4．C5．A6．B7．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了语言学家NoahWebster编制了美式英语字典，希望美式英语有自己的特点，在文化和国家统一方面产生了深远的影响。4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“HedroppedtheBritish‘u’insomewords.(他在一些单词中省略了英式的“u”。)”可知，只是一些单词里被省略了英式的“u”，并不是所有的单词。因此，选项C“Allthewordsarespelledwithout‘u’.(所有单词的拼写都没有“u”。)”在表述上是错误的。故选C项。5．词义猜测题。分析可知，画线短语前“ratherthan(而不是)”表达相反关系，而前文“WebsterbelievedthatAmericansshouldhavetheirowndictionary(Webster认为美国人应该有自己的字典)”表达了“有自己的美式字典”，即，不需要依赖英式词典。由此推知，“relyon”应是“依靠，依赖”含义，与选项A“Dependon.(依靠，依赖)”表达含义一致。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“Linguistsbelievedithelpedanewcountryachieveunity

andculturalindependenceatatimewhenmostpeoplecaredaboutpoliticalfreedom.(语言学家认为，在大多数人关心政治自由的时候，它帮助一个新国家实现了统一和文化独立。)”可知，语言学家认为Webster的美式词典使美国在文化上实现了独立和统一，使美国人通过共同的美式英语走到了一起。由此可推知，在人们看来，除了它的文化影响外，它还帮助美国人团结起来。故选B项。7．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章首段内容“Infact,thedifferenceinspellingwasstartedbyNoahWebster(1758-1843).HewasateacherwhoreformedEnglishtomakeAmericanidentitystronger.(事实上，拼写上的差异始于NoahWebster（1758-1843）。他是一名教师，他改革了英式英语，使其更具有美式特点。)”为主题句，即，文章主要讲述了NoahWebster对英式英语的改革，编写了美式英语词典，使其更具备美式特点，在影响方面从文化方面延伸到国家统一。选项D“NoahWebsterwroteanAmericanEnglishdictionaryandreformedEnglish.(NoahWebster写了一本美国英语词典，改革了英语。)”可概括文章主旨大意。故选D项。8．D9．C10．A11．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了理查德·艾伦被黄蜂蜇后的自救的故事及与死亡作斗争的过程。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Allenhadheardthatwaspscanbecomemorelikelytostinginsummer.(艾伦听说黄蜂在夏天更容易蜇人。)”可知，文章中提到，当最热的季节到来时，黄蜂更容易攻击。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“However,whathedidn’tknowwasthatthefirststinghadturnedhisbodyintoatimebombwaitingforthenexttosetoffanexplosion.(然而，他不知道的是，第一次刺痛已经把他的身体变成了一个定时炸弹，等待下一次引爆。)”可知，他并不知道的是他的第一次被蜇已经使他的身体变成了再蜇一次便随即爆炸的定时炸弹。由此可知，艾伦不知道，如果再被黄蜂蜇一下，他肯定会没命。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Hereachedfortheradiomike,tryingtocallthemini-buscenter,buthiswordswerehardlyunderstandable.(他伸手去拿麦克风，试图给小巴中心打电话，但他的话让人听不懂。)”可知，艾伦第一次尝试向小巴中心发送信息时失败了，因为他说话不清楚。故选A。11．主旨大意题。文章讲述了理查德·艾伦被黄蜂蜇后的自救的故事及与死亡作斗争的过程。由此可知，C项：ARaceAgainstDeath(与死亡赛跑)是最合适的标题。故选C。12．C13．D14．A15．C【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了军蚁的生活习性、集体行为以及它们在建造桥梁时展现出的智慧，通过具体的事例和观察结果来阐述军蚁的特点和行为模式。12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“ArmyantsaremainlydistributedinSouthAmericaandAfricaandmostlyliveintheAmazonRiverbasin.Theyliketoliveingroupsandgenerallyoneortwomillioninagroup.Theyaremigratory,havenofixedonthemove.Whenencounteringobstaclessuchasgaps,armyantsareabletoconnecttheirbodiestoeachotherandbuildabridgeforlargegroupsofantstopassthrough,savingcrawlingdistance.Thebridgecanbebuiltandremovedveryquickly,inseconds.(行军蚁主要分布在南美洲和非洲，主要生活在亚马逊河流域。它们喜欢群居，通常是一到两百万只。它们是迁徙的，没有固定的迁徙地点。当遇到缝隙等障碍物时，军蚁能够将彼此的身体连接在一起，为大群蚂蚁搭建桥梁，从而节省爬行距离。这座桥可以在几秒钟内迅速建造和拆除)”可知，本段主要介绍了军蚁的生活习性，如它们喜欢群居，一般一个群体有一两百万只，它们是迁徙性的，没有固定的住所，遇到障碍时可以连接身体建造桥梁等。故选C项。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,afterobservation,itwasfoundthattheantbridgewouldconstantlychangeaccordingtothearmyants’knowledgeoftheoutsideworld.Theantbridgecanmoveslowlyfromtheoriginalposition,increasingthenumberofantsinthebridge,extendingthelengthofthebridge,sothatotherantsmaysavealotofeffortsbyusingtheantbridgeinsteadoftakingotherroutes.(但经过观察发现，蚂蚁桥会根据军蚁对外部世界的了解情况不断变化。蚂蚁桥可以从原来的位置慢慢移动，增加桥中蚂蚁的数量，延长桥的长度，这样其他蚂蚁可以通过使用蚂蚁桥而不是走其他路线来节省很多精力)”可知，军蚁建造的桥梁会根据需要不断调整。故选D项。14．词句猜测题。根据前文“Theantbridgecanmoveslowlyfromtheoriginalposition,increasingthenumberofantsinthebridge,extendingthelengthofthebridge,sothatotherantsmaysavealotofeffortsbyusingtheantbridgeinsteadoftakingotherroutes.(蚂蚁桥可以从原来的位置慢慢移动，增加桥中蚂蚁的数量，延长桥的长度，这样其他蚂蚁可以通过使用蚂蚁桥而不是走其他路线来节省很多精力)”可知，军蚁建造的桥梁可以不断增加蚂蚁的数量，延长桥梁的长度，这样其他蚂蚁就可以节省很多精力，而不是走其他路线。因此，军蚁建造桥梁的目的是为了不断“减少”到达目标区域的距离，即compress在这里的意思是“减少”，和A项意思相近。故选A项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchersbelievethatarmyantsusethebestmethodsintheconstructionofbridges.Sincetheantsinvolvedinbuildingthebridgeareunabletoparticipateinotherwork,thecolonystopsputtinginmoreantsassoonasitfindsthatthenumberofantsputintoextendingthebridgeisoutofbalancewiththenumberofantsneededforotherjobs.(研究人员认为，军蚁在建造桥梁时使用了最好的方法。由于参与建造桥梁的蚂蚁无法参与其他工作，一旦发现用于建造桥梁的蚂蚁数量与其他工作所需的蚂蚁数量失衡，蚁群就会停止投入更多的蚂蚁)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了军蚁的集体智慧，如建造桥梁、根据外界情况不断调整桥梁等，因此写作目的是展示军蚁的集体智慧。故选C项。16．G17．B18．F19．E20．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些使家里保持干净和气味清新的措施。16．根据前一句“Usually,youspendmostofyourtimeathome.（通常，你的大部分时间都是在家里度过的）”可知，待在家里的时候肯定想要一个整洁的环境和闻起来清新的家。G项“你肯定想要有一个闻起来清新的家”符合语境。故选G。17．根据空后“Additionally,pickupanyobjectsfromthefloor,suchasclothingortowels,andplacetheminthebox.Washyourdishesdaily,whichwillkeepyourhomesmellingfresh.（此外，从地板上捡起任何物品，如衣服或毛巾，并将其放入盒子中。每天洗碗，这会让你的家保持清新。）”可知，本段主要讲述怎么做才能保持家里清新整洁的具体措施，B项“每天打扫厨房”也是具体的举措之一，符合语境。故选B。18．根据前文“Washyourbedclothesonaweeklybasis.（每周洗一次床上用品。）”可知，每周洗一次床上用品也是保持家里整洁清新的必要措施，所以花费一些时间也是必要的。F项“显然，花时间在这些问题上是值得的。”符合语境。故选F。19．根据前文“Batheyourdoganditsbeddingregularly.（定期给你的狗和它的被褥洗澡。）”可知，保持家里清新的必要措施是给狗和它的被褥洗澡，E项中的Mostdogs呼应本文中的主题。“benefitfromanonce-a-weekbath（从每周的洗澡中受益）”能够承接下文，讲述了给狗洗澡的好处。故选E。20．根据“Shampoo（用洗涤剂洗）yourcarpets.（用洗涤剂清洗地毯）”可知，本段讲述为什么要清洗地毯，D项的thematerial指的是carpets，以及空后“Sothedirtycarpetscanmakeyourentirehomesmellnot-so-fresh.（所以脏地毯会让你的整个家闻起来不那么清新。）”可知，难闻的气味会藏在毛毯下，D项能够承上启下，符合语境。故选D。21．C22．D23．D24．C25．A26．C27．D28．C29．B30．A31．A32．B33．C34．D35．C【分析】试题分析：本文讲述的了年过八十的喜欢开快车的琼斯女士因为闯红灯被跟在她车后的警察逮到而上法庭，在被警察逮到前她非常骄傲她的记录——开车三十五年，从未因为犯规而被惩罚。在法官本因为年龄过高，眼神不好使为由判她无罪时，琼斯女士为证明自己宝刀未老而从针线包内拿出超细鼻眼的针毫无障碍地在法官面前穿了一遍，并且她还邀请法官穿。结果，琼斯女士被惩罚，她引以为傲的记录被打破。21．考查同位语从句。Sheloveddrivingveryfast,andwasproudofthefactshehadnever,inherthirty-fiveyearsofdriving,beenpunishedadrivingoffence.Thefact后接的是同位语从句，跟在fact后的引导词一般是that.句意：她喜欢开飞车，并且她还有个令她骄傲的事实——在她开车生涯的35年中，她从没有因为违章驾驶而被惩罚。故选C.22．考查介词辨析。punishsbforsth/doingsth因某事/犯某事而惩罚某人punishsthby/withsth对……判罪，判定……的处罚。Punish不跟A.B.C.几个介词搭配使用。句意：她喜欢开飞车，并且她还有个令她骄傲的事实——在她开车生涯的35年中，她从没有因为违章驾驶而被惩罚。故选D.23．考查动词辨析。A.保持，维持B.赢得C.错过D.失去，丢掉句意：然而有一天她差点儿失去了她的记录。故选D.24．考查动词辨析。A.观察，注释B.在……之后C.跟在……后面D.追赶，追逐句意：一个警察巡逻车跟在她后面，警察在车内看到她经过红灯而没停。故选C.25．考查动词辨析。A.经过B.走，趋于C.奔跑，经营D.冲，奔。句意：巡逻车跟在她后面，警察在车内看到她经过红灯而没停。故选A.26．考查形容词辨析。A.确切的，一定的B.确实，的确C.无疑的，确定的D.或许A.C的区别在于certain强调的是对客观事实的确定而sure强调的是对主观认识的肯定，并且在It…that…中只能用certain.句意：她即将被惩处似乎毫无疑问。故选C.27．考查连词辨析。A.在……之前B.然而，当……时候C.直到……D.当……时候B.D的区别在于，while后接延续性动作。句意：当琼斯女士出现在法官面前时，法官仔细地看了看她，说，她太老以至于不能开车。故选D.28．考查too…to…的用法。Too…to…太……以至于不能……句意：当琼斯女士出现在法官面前时，法官仔细地看了看她，说，她太老以至于不能开车。29．考查名词辨析。A.原因B.理由，原因C.物质，原因D.麻烦andthatthewhyshehadnotstoppedat…根据分析排除D.，固定搭配：thereasonwhy………的原因。句意：他说，她不能再红灯面前停车的原因是她视力因为年事已高而变得微弱。故选B.30．考查细节推理。根据Apolicecarher,andthepolicemeninitsawheraredlightwithoutstopping.可以推断出attheredwasmostprobablythat横线上填light。句意：他说，她不能再红灯面前停车的原因是她视力因为年事已高而变得微弱。故选A.31．考查连词辨析。A.因为B.因为C.因为，为了D.由……组成B.C后一般跟句子，原文中横线后跟的是oldage。句意：他说，她不能再红灯面前停车的原因是她视力因为年事已高而变得微弱，以至于她不能轻易地看见。故选A.32．考查细节推理。四个选项都有说，讲的意思，但根据helookedatherseriouslyandsaidthatshewas

oldtodriveacar,可以推断出横线上填saying。句意：当法官讲完了他想说的话后，琼斯女士打开了她携带的大包然后拿出了她的小针线包。故选B.33．考查动词辨析。A.坚持，开展B.得到，获得C.携带D.带来句意：当法官讲完了他想说的话后，琼斯女士打开了她携带的大包然后拿出了她的小针线包。故选C.34．考查动词辨析。A.拿，取B.带来C.挑选D.选出根据分析得出，横线上应填选出，拿出之意，A.C.D都符合，但takeout/pickup才有取出，拿出，选出之意，句意：当法官讲完了他想说的话后，琼斯女士打开了她携带的大包然后拿出了她的小针线包。故选D.35．考查副词辨析。A.几乎B.几乎不C.成功地D.成功的Whenshehaddonethis据分析横向上应填一个表肯定的副词，排除B.D.句意：当她成功的一穿即过后，她把线拉出来，将针和线递给法官。故选C.考点：考查记叙文阅读.36．hascome37．a38．like39．that40．strangeness41．extremely42．eating43．betied44．tostop45．with【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自己在太空站的六个月的奇妙经历。36．考查时态。句意：在太空生活是每个想成为宇航员的人的梦想。我在空间站的六个月停留已经结束，这是一次充满挑战但神奇的冒险。根据and可知，前后时态一致，为现在完成时，主语stay为单数，故填hascome。37．考查冠词。句意：在太空生活是每个想成为宇航员的人的梦想。我在空间站的六个月停留已经结束，这是一次充满挑战但神奇的冒险。此处表示泛指一次冒险，应使用不定冠词，且challenging发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。38．考查介词。句意：我敢打赌，你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，以及它与地球上的生活有何不同——低重力肯定会让普通的事情变得奇怪！此处对事物的性质进行提问，应使用介词like，表示“像”，故填like。39．考查代词。句意：我敢打赌，你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，以及它与地球上的生活有何不同——低重力肯定会让普通的事情变得奇怪！此处表示前面提到的同类事物dailylife，为单数，应使用that，故填that。40．考查名词。句意：从我们睡觉的那一刻起，生活在太空中的陌生感就显而易见了。此处应使用名词作主语，应使用strangeness，为不可数名词，故填strangeness。41．考查副词。句意：占据一天大部分时间的日常任务要求很高，但也可能是非常有回报的。此处应使用副词修饰形容词rewarding作状语，故填extremely。42．考查动名词。句意：鉴于低重力环境，在太空中进食也有所不同。此处使用动名词作主语，故填eating。43．考查语态。句意：我们必须绑在专门设计的锻炼设备上，以防止自己四处漂浮。havetodo固定搭配，意为“不得不做”，主语we和动词tie是被动关系，所以此处应用bedone的形式，放在不定式后面，故填betied。44．考查动词不定式。句意：我们必须绑在专门设计的锻炼设备上，以防止自己四处漂浮。此处表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填tostop。45．考查介词。句意：在我们的休闲时间里，没有什么比和其他船员坐在一起，看着我们非凡的星球经过，为我们的家人和朋友在