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2021-2022学年上海市上海中学高一上学期10月考试英语试题II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whatshouldyoutakeinwithyou____1____youtakeanexam?Pen,pencil,eraser,ruler...,anddon'tforgetabottleofwater!AccordingtoastudyattheBritishPsychologicalSocietyAnnualConferenceheldinLondon,____2____(bring)waterintoexamsmayhelpstudentsimprovetheirgradesbyupto10percent.ScientistsattheUniversityofEastLondonandtheUniversityofWestminster,UK,didastudyon447students.Thestudents____3____(study)fordifferentdegreesScientiststhencomparedtheirexamresults____4____theirnormalschoolworkgrades.Theyfoundthatthosewho____5____(bring)drinkswiththemgotbettergrades____6____between2and10percent.Itisunclearwhydrinkingwaterimprovesexamresults,____7____scientistssayhavingenoughwaterinourbodiesandnotfeelingthirstycouldhaveahelpfuleffectonourbrains.Drinkingwatermayalsocutdownonanxiety,whichhasagoodeffectonexamperformances,accordingtoChrisPawson,PhD,oftheuniversityofEastLondon."Whatevertheexplanationis,____8____isclearthatstudentsshouldtryhardtostayhydratedSonexttime,whenyouaregoingtohaveabigexam,____9____(try)bringingabottleofwaterwithyou.Whoknows--it____10____helpyoupasstheexam!【答案】1.When2.Bringing3.werestudying4.with5.hadbrought6.by7.but8.it9.try10.may【解析】【详解】这是一篇新闻报道,研究表明学生带水参加考试可以提高成绩。1.考查连词。句意:当你参加考试的时候,你应该随身携带什么。空格处是引导从句的连词,根据句意要引导时间状语,故填When。2考查动名词。句意:根据在伦敦举行的英国心理学会年度大会的一份调查显示:带水参加考试有助于学生提高成绩10%。空格处是主语,要用动名词。故填Bringing。3考查时态。句意:那时,这些学生正在东伦敦大学为不同的学位而学习。空格处是谓语动词。根据atthattime可知空格处是过去进行时。故填werestudying。4考查介词。句意:科学家比较他们的考试结果和他们的正常学校分数。根据compared...with(和...比较)可知,空格处填介词with。5考查时态。句意:他们发现那些带水参加考试的学生成绩比不带水考试的学生的成绩高大约2%——10%。根据found可知空格处是过去完成时。故填hadbrought。6考查介词。句意:他们发现那些带水参加考试的学生成绩比不带水考试的学生的成绩高大约2%——10%。根据between2and10percent.可知此处表示增长幅度,因此要用介词by。7考查连词。句意:为什么带水能提高成绩还不清楚,但是科学家说体内有足够的水不会感到口渴,可能有助于大脑思维。空格处表转折,要用连词,故填but。8考查代词。句意:无论解释是什么,很明显,学生考试时保持含水的是有助于思维。空格处是主语,由于thatstudentsshouldtryhardtostayhydrated(含水的)withwaterduringexams是真正的主语,因此空格处是形式主语。故填it。9考查祈使句。句意:因此下一次参加大考时,尽可能带一瓶水。空格处表建议,要用祈使句,即:动词原形。故填try。10考查情态动词。句意:它可能帮助你通过考试。空格处是谓语部分,根据Whoknows可知表推测,因此填may。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.ideaB.understandingC.learningD.surroundingE.designF.developG.creativeH.solutionsI.technologyJ.relativelyK.rethinkTechnologyinhighereducation:learningwithitinsteadoffromit.Now,researchersattheUniversityofMissourihavefoundthatactivity-basedlearning,ratherthanlecture-based,imporvesstudentcreativityandlearningbyallowingstudentstousetechnologyto____11____IsaJahnkeassociateprofessorintheMUCollegeofEducation'sschoolofInformationScienceandLearningTechnologies,collaboratedwithformerdoctoralstudentJuliaLiebschertostudyhowhighereducationprofessorsinEuropeusemobile____12____intheirclasses.Shefoundthatstudentcreativitywasmostenhancedbyprofessorswhoallowedtheirstudentstousetechnologyinateamsettingtocomeupwithanunusualproductor____13____.Forexample,onegroupofstudentsinahistoryclassdevelopedanappthatvirtuallyteachesusersaboutthehistory____14____theBerlinWall.Ratherthansimplylecturingthematerialtothestudents,Jahnkefoundthatallowingthemtousetechnologyinacollaborativewayenhancedthestudents'creativityand____15____ofthecontent."Thisresearchisusefulforprofessorstorethinkhowthey____16____theirexistingcourses,"Jahnkesaid."Weneedtoshiftawayfrompurelylecture-basedlearningwherestudentsarejustconsumersofinformationtowardamoremeaningful____17____approachwithtechnologywherestudentsareabletocomeupwithcreativeandnewsolutionsinateamsetting."JahnkeaddedthatthereareresourcesatMU,suchastheTeachingForLearningCenter,tohelpprofessors____18____theircoursedesignsintheever-changingeducationallandscape."Ifwehaveuniversitiesthatareproducingmorecreative-thinkingstudentsthenwehavemorepeoplewhocanhelpcomeupwith____19____forallofsociety'sgrandchallenges,"Jahnkesaid."Creativitywillleadtobetterinventors,managersandbusinessowners,butfirstweneedtoaskourselvesaseducatorsifweareusingtechnologytoputourstudentsinpositionstobe____20____inthefirstplace."【答案】11.F12.I13.A14.D15.B16.E17.C18.K19.H20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是高等教育应该用科技来学习,而不是从科技中学习。【11题详解】考查动词。句意:现在,密苏里大学的研究人员发现,基于活动的学习,而不是基于讲座的学习,可以通过允许学生使用技术来形成自己的独特见解,提高学生的创造力和学习。分析句子可知,空格处表示目的状语,并且空格前已经有不定式符号to,因此只需要一个动词原形。develop“形成,发展”符合句意。故选F项。【12题详解】考查名词。句意:密萨根州教育学院信息科学与学习技术学院的副教授IsaJahnke与前博士生JuliaLiebscher尔合作,研究了欧洲高等教育教授是如何在课堂上使用移动技术的。分析句子可知空格前有形容词mobile,因此空格处需要一个名词。technology“技术,科技”符合句意。故选I项。【13题详解】考查名词。句意:她发现,允许学生在团队环境中使用技术,想出一种不寻常的产品或想法的教授们最能提高学生的创造力。分析句子可知此处为选择性连词or并列的两个名词位于冠词an之后。idea“想法,主意”符合句意。故选A项。【14题详解】考查非谓语。句意:例如,历史课上的一组学生开发了一款应用程序,可以向用户教授柏林墙的历史。分析句子可知,空格处谓语名词history后作后置定语,surround“围绕;包围;与……密切相关”,其现在分词为surrounding作后置定语修饰名词history符合句意。故选D项。【15题详解】考查名词。句意:Jahnke发现,允许他们以协作的方式使用技术,可以提高学生的创造力和对内容的理解,而不是简单地向学生讲授这些内容。分析句子可知空格处与creativity是由and并列的两个名词。understanding“理解(力)”符合句意。故选B项。【16题详解】考查动词。句意:这项研究对教授们重新思考他们如何设计现有的课程很有用。分析句子可知,缺少谓语动词,主语为they,宾语为theirexistingcourses。design“设计,构思”,符合句意。故选E项。【17题详解】考查非谓语。句意:我们需要从纯粹的基于讲座的学习,即学生只是信息的耗用者,转向一种更有意义的技术学习方法,即学生能够在团队环境中想出创造性和新的解决方案。分析句子可知空格处为名词approach“方法”的前置定语,learn动词“学习”,其动名词形式learning作名词approach的前置定语符合句意。故选C项。【18题详解】考查非谓语。句意:Jahnke补充说,MU有一些资源,比如学习教学中心,可以帮助教授们在不断变化的教育环境中重新思考他们的课程设计。分析句子可知空格处需要使用“helpsbdosth.帮助某人做某事”结构,因此rethink“反思,重新考虑”符合句意。故选K项。19题详解】考查名词。句意:如果我们的大学正在培养出更多有创造力的学生,那么我们就有更多的人可以想出解决社会所有重大挑战的解决方案。分析句子可知出现了“comeupwithsth.提出……”结构,因此空格处需要一个名词,solutions“解决方法”符合句意。故选H项。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意:创造力将带来更好的发明家、管理者和企业主,但首先我们需要问自己,作为教育工作者,我们是否正在使用技术让我们的学生处于创造性的位置。分析句子可知空格处谓语系动词be后作表语,因此需要一个形容词。creative“有创造力的;有创造性的”符合句意。故选G项。III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Doyoufindgettingupinthemorningsodifficultthatit'spainful?Thismightbe____21____laziness,butDr.Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.Hehas____22____thateveryonehasadailyenergy____23____.Duringthehourswhenyoulabourthroughyourwork,you____24____saythatyou're"hot".That'strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticiswhenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatits____25____.Forsomepeople,thepeakcomesduringtheforenoon.Forothers,itcomesintheafternoonorevening.Noonehas____26____whythisisso,butitleadstosuchfamiliarmonologuesas:"Getup,John!You'llbelateforworkagain!"Thepossibleexplanationtothe____27____isthatJohnisathistemperature-energypeakintheevening.Much____28____quarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas.Youcan't____29____yourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefititbetter.Habitscanhelp,Dr.Kleitmanbelieves.Maybeyou'resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumust____30____lateanyway.Counteractyourcycletosomeextentbyhabituallystayinguplaterthanyouwantto.Ifyourenergyis____31____inthemorning,butyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday,____32____beforeyourusualhour.Thiswon'tchangeyourcycle,butyou'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.Getofftoaslowstartwhich____33____yourenergy.Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyour____34____onthefloor.Avoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.Whenever____35____,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours.21.A.called B.touched C.begged D.wanted22.A.turned B.needed C.answered D.proved23.A.cycle B.picture C.essay D.sheet24.A.must B.may C.need D.should25.A.peak B.hill C.limitation D.sort26.A.discovered B.delivered C.reflected D.showed27.A.question B.trouble C.matter D.fault28.A.school B.factory C.family D.soil29.A.lift B.raise C.ignore D.change30.A.keepoff B.handin C.stayup D.holdback31.A.low B.high C.up D.down32.A.get B.rise C.take D.signal33.A.saves B.leaves C.fades D.steals34.A.hands B.heads C.feet D.arms35.A.possible B.important C.confusing D.distant【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.B25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.C35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。Kleitman博士对早上起床困难且痛苦做出了一个新的解释,那就是“能量循环”,他证明了每个人每天都有一个能量循环。文章解释了能量循环的作用以及如何让你的生活更适合能量循环。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这可能被称为懒惰,但Kleitman博士有一个新的解释。A.called打电话,称为;B.touched触碰;C.begged恳求;D.wanted想要。根据后文laziness可知此处指把早上起床困难称之为懒惰。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他证明了每个人每天都有一个能量循环。A.turned转弯;B.needed需要;C.answered回答;D.proved证明。结合上文“Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.”可知Kleitman博士对这一情况做出了新的解释,即他证明了每个人每天都有一个能量循环。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他证明了每个人每天都有一个能量循环。A.cycle循环;B.picture照片;C.essay短文;D.sheet床单。呼应后文“whattheseenergycyclesmean”指每个人每天都有一个能量循环。故选A。【24题详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:在你埋头工作的时候,你可能会说你“很热”。A.must必须;B.may可能;C.need需要;D.should应该。此处表推测,意为“可能”应用情态动词may。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:一天中你感觉精力最充沛的时候是你的体温周期处于顶峰的时候。A.peak顶峰,巅峰;B.hill山丘;C.limitation限制;D.sort种类。呼应后文“Forsomepeople,thepeak”指感觉精力最充沛的时候是你的体温周期处于顶峰的时候。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:没有人发现这是为什么,但它导致了这样熟悉的独白:“起来,约翰!你又要迟到了!”A.discovered发现;B.delivered相信;C.reflected反射;D.showed展示。根据后文“whythisisso”指发现这一现象的原因是为什么,应用discover。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:对这个问题的可能解释是,约翰在晚上处于他的温度-能量峰值。A.question问题;B.trouble麻烦,问题;C.matter事情;D.fault错误。根据上文“itleadstosuchfamiliarmonologuesas:"Getup,John!You'llbelateforworkagain!"”指对约翰起床要迟到的问题的解释。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当丈夫们和妻子们认识到这种能量循环的意思以及每个家庭成员所处的循环之后,许多家庭争吵就结束了。A.school学校;B.factory工厂;C.family家庭;D.soil土壤。根据后文“quarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas”可知是在说明家庭成员之间能量循环不同会家庭导致争吵的问题。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:你无法改变你的能量循环,但你可以学着让你的生活更适合它。A.lift举起;B.raise抬起;C.ignore忽视;D.change改变。根据后文“yourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefititbetter”指能量循环无法改变,但是可以学着让生活适应它。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:也许你晚上很困,但觉得你必须熬夜。A.keepoff让开;B.handin上交;C.stayup熬夜;D.holdback隐瞒。根据上文“Maybeyou'resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumust”以及后文late可知此处指晚上熬夜,故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如果你在早上精神不太好,但又有重要的工作要做,那就比平时早起。A.low低的;B.high高的;C.up向上的;D.down情绪低落的。根据后文“inthemorning,butyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday”中but表示转折,说明早上精神不太好,但又有重要的工作要做,后文“you'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint”也是提示。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果你在早上精神不太好,但又有重要的工作要做,那就比平时早起。A.get得到;B.rise上升;C.take带走;D.signal信号。根据后文“you'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.”可知是建议早起,故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:慢点开始可以节省你的精力。A.saves节省;B.leaves离开;C.fades褪色;D.steals偷窃。根据后文“Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminute”可知此处指慢点开始来节省精力。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在床边坐一分钟,然后把脚放在地板上。A.hands手;B.heads头;C.feet脚;D.arms胳膊。根据后文“onthefloor”指把脚放在地板上。故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:只要可能,在下午做那些程序化的工作,把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的时候去做。A.possible可能的;B.important重要的;C.confusing令人困惑的;D.distant遥远的。根据后文“doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours”可知,指只要情况可能的话,在下午做那些程序化的工作,把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的时候去做。故选A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Everykidwishestobeanadult.Butnowasgrown-ups,someadultsfindtheycannotleavechildhoodbehind.Theybecome"kidults"(kid+adult).Beingakidulthasbecomealifestyle-choiceamongyoungpeopleacrossAsia.Somekidultscollecttoystheyonceplayedwith.HelloKitty,Garfield,andSnoopyhavemanyadultfansaroundtheworld.Itisnotunusualtoseea20-somethingwomanwithabig,Garfield-shapedcushiononhersofaoraHelloKittymobilephoneaccessory.Otherkidultsstillenjoychildren'sstoriesandfairytales.Forexample,BloomsburyevenpublishedtheHarryPotternovelswithanadultcover.Thatway,nooneelseonthesubwaywillknowthatanadultisactuallyreadingachildren'sbook!"Kidultscanbelikevitaminstosociety.Adultswhovaluetheirchildhoodandholdontopure,child-likeemotionmaybeneededinsucharoughanddrysociety,"saidLeeSojung,professorofForeignStudiesatHankukTimGreen-halgh,aprofessor,explainedthatsomekidultsjustrefusetogrowup.Theyclingto(舍不得放弃)childhoodbecauselifeinabusyandstressfulcityfrightensthem.Kidultswouldliketoforgettheirageandopenlyshowtheirfearofsocietyandadulthood."So,theycanescapefromincreasinglycomplexandstressfullivesthatarehardtodealwith."Greenhalghsaid.36.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatkidultsare________.A.childrenwhocan'twaittogrowupB.Grown-upswhoholdontochild-likeemotionC.peoplewhoenjoyplayingsports.D.youngpeoplewhopretendedtobegrown-upswhenyoung.37.Accordingtothepassage,kidultswouldliketodothefollowingexcept________.A.buyHelloKittymobilephoneaccessories.B.readachildren'sbookonthesubway.C.workinabusyandstressfulcity.D.collecttoystheyonceplayedwith.38.Themaincauseofthekidultcultureisthat________.A.somecompaniesaretakingadvantageofit.B.modernlifeisstressfulandhardC.somepeopleliketostayyoungandenergetic.D.somepeoplewishtofillthegenerationgap.【答案】36.B37.C38.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了亚洲年轻人群体中的一种社会现象,一些成年人害怕忙碌而充满压力的都市生活,他们收集童年时期的玩具,读儿童读物,不愿意放弃童年,成为“kidults”。【36题详解】推理判断题。结合第一段中“Butnowasgrown-ups,someadultsfindtheycannotleavechildhoodbehind.Theybecome"kidults"(kid+adult).(但现在作为成年人,一些人发现他们不能离开童年。他们变成了“kidadults”(kid+adult))”、第二段中“Somekidultscollecttoystheyonceplayedwith.(一些“kidults”收集他们曾经玩过的玩具)”、第三段中“Otherkidultsstillenjoychildren'sstoriesandfairytales.(其他的“kidults”仍然喜欢儿童故事和童话故事)”和第四段中“Adultswhovaluetheirchildhoodandholdontopure,child-likeemotionmaybeneededinsucharoughanddrysociety,(在这样一个粗糙而枯燥的社会里,我们需要珍视童年、保持纯真、孩童般的情感的“kidults”)”可推知,“kidults”是指那些怀念童年事物,拥有孩童般情感的成年人。故选B项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Somekidultscollecttoystheyonceplayedwith.(一些“kidults”收集他们曾经玩过的玩具)”和“Itisnotunusualtoseea20-somethingwomanwithabig,Garfield-shapedcushiononhersofaoraHelloKittymobilephoneaccessory.(20多岁的女人在沙发上放一个加菲猫形状的大靠垫,或者在手机上放一个凯蒂猫的配件是很常见的)”可知D项和A项是“kidults”们喜欢做的事情,根据第三段中“Thatway,nooneelseonthesubwaywillknowthatanadultisactuallyreadingachildren'sbook!(这样,地铁上的其他人就不会知道一个成年人正在读一本儿童读物了!)”可知B项也是“kidults”们喜欢做的事情,根据倒数第二段中“Theyclingto(舍不得放弃)childhoodbecauselifeinabusyandstressfulcityfrightensthem.(他们舍不得放弃童年是因为忙碌而充满压力的都市生活让他们害怕)”可知“kidults”们害怕忙碌和充满压力的都市生活。故选C项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Theyclingto(舍不得放弃)childhoodbecauselifeinabusyandstressfulcityfrightensthem.(他们舍不得放弃童年是因为忙碌而充满压力的都市生活让他们害怕)”可推知,因为忙碌而充满压力的都市生活让一些成年人感到害怕,所以他们不愿意放弃童年,成为“kidults”,从而产生了“kidults文化”。故选B项。(B)To:"TheShoePeople"<inquiries@>From:"JohnTrimbald"jtconstruction@ToWhomitMayConcern,IhavetrustedtheShoePeopletoprotectthefeetofmyemployeesforoverthenyearsnow.Irecentlypurchasedafewpairsofbootsfromyourcompanyformycrew.Thoughmymenwereinitiallysatisfiedwiththeboots,thesoles(鞋底)begantofallapartonthemafterjusttwelveweeks.Thiswasextremelysurprisingconsideringtheycamewithasixyearwarranty(担保).Thebootsareunsafetowearbecausemymenarepouringhotconcrete(混凝土).PleaserespondassoonaspossiblewithinstructionsonhowIcanreturnthebootsandreceivearefund(退款).Thankyou,JohnTrimbald,Foreman,JTConstructionTo:JohnTrimbald"<jtconstruction@>From:"TheShoePeople"<inquiries@>"DearMr.Trimbald,Thankyouforyoure-mailconcerningthepoorqualityofourrubbersoledblackwork-boots.Arepresentativewillbebyyourofficenextweektopickupthedamagedboots.Weapologizeforanyinconveniencethishascausedyouandyourcrew.Alongwithfivenewpairsofwork-bootsforyourcrew(weincludedoneextrapair),wehaveenclosedafreeyear'ssupplyofspray(喷雾).Inourretailstores,thissprayisalwaysrecommendedtobuyerswhoworkonheatedfloors.Thisshouldhavebeenbroughttoyourattentionatthetimeofyourinitialorder(receivedbytelephoneonOctober12,2007).Pleaseexcuseouroversight.Todatewehavehadnocomplaintsaboutthesework-bootsfromcustomerswhohaveusedtheprotectorspray.However,shouldyouusethesprayandfindthatyouarestillunsatisfiedwiththeboots,pleasereturnthebootsandsprayforafullrefund.ThankyouforsupportingTheShoePeople.HaveaHappyNewYear.Sincerely,StanMason,President39.Accordingtothepassage,JohnTrimbaldisholdinga(n)________attitude.Aapologetic B.sympathetic C.appreciating D.complaining40.Bothsidesarecommunicatingwitheachotherthrough________.A.socialmedia B.textmessages C.e-mail D.letters41.Whatisthe"spray"usedforaccordingtothepassage?A.Torepairthedamagedboots. B.ToprotectthesolesfromheatC.Topreventthecrewfromdanger. D.Toprotectthebootsfromconcrete.42.AccordingtothepresidentofTheShoePeople,JohnTrimbald________.A.canexchangethedamagedbootswithnewonesatanytimeB.mustreturnthedamagedbootstoanyoftheretailstoresC.willgetnewpairsofbootsandafreeyear'ssupplyofsprayD.canreturnthedamagedbootsandsprayforafullrefundnow【答案】39.D40.C41.B42.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章包含了顾客与鞋店负责人之间的两封邮件,顾客抱怨了鞋底破损,鞋店负责人提出解决方案。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第一封邮件的第三、四句“Thoughmymenwereinitiallysatisfiedwiththeboots,thesoles(鞋底)begantofallapartonthemafterjusttwelveweeks.Thiswasextremelysurprisingconsideringtheycamewithasixyearwarranty(担保).”(虽然我的人最初对靴子很满意,但仅仅12周后,靴子的鞋底就开始脱落。考虑到他们有六年的保修期,这是非常令人惊讶的)可知,作者买的鞋子仅仅穿了12周后鞋底就开始脱落。所以作者是在抱怨鞋子的质量。故选D。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个表格的开头“To:"TheShoePeople"From:"JohnTrimbald"jtconstruction@以及第二个表格的开头“To:JohnTrimbald"From:"TheShoePeople"”可知,他们是通过邮件的形式解决来交流的。故选C。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二封邮件第五句话“Inourretailstores,thissprayisalwaysrecommendedtobuyerswhoworkonheatedfloors.”(在我们的零售店,这种喷雾器总是推荐给在加热地板上工作的买家。)可知,喷雾是用来保护鞋底不受热能的损坏。故B【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第二封邮件的第四句话“Alongwithfivenewpairsofwork-bootsforyourcrew(weincludedoneextrapair),wehaveenclosedafreeyear'ssupplyofspray(喷雾).”(随信附上五双新工作靴(包括一双额外的工作靴),免费提供一年的喷雾。)可知,John会收到鞋店发来的六双鞋子和年免费的喷雾。故选C。【点睛】。本文一篇应用文。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。(C)MentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsforEnglishpeoplelivingbetween1660and1800.Mostwomenandmenwhosufferedfrommentalillnesswerenotinstitutionalizedasthiswastheperiodbeforetheextensivebuildingofmentalhospitals.Instead,theywerehousedathome,andcaredforbyotherfamilymembers.NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouttheinsanethemselvesbutfewstudieshaveconsideredmentalillnessfromtheperspectiveofthecarers.Thelifetimeburdenofcaringforthoseindividualswhosementaldevelopmentdidnotprogressbeyondchildhood,andwhocontemporarieslabeledas‘idiots’or‘fools’,hasbeenlittleexploredbyhistorians.Foyster’sresearch,whichhasbeenfundedbytheLeverhulmeTrust,willcarefullyexaminetheemotionalandeconomicconsequencesforfamiliesatatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.Byaskingkeyquestionsabouttheimpactof‘careinthecommunity’inthe18thcentury,Foysterhopesthatherresearchwillbridgesocialandmedicalhistory.Specifically,sheaimstoprovideanhistoricalperspectiveforcontemporarydebatessuchashowresourcescanbestretchedtoprovideforchildrenwithlearningdifficultiesandanagingpopulation.“Thestressesandstrainsoffamilywereworsenedbyhighinfantmortalityandlowlifeexpectancy,andmanyindividualswerepushedtowardsmentalbreakdown,”sheexplained.“Moreover,inheritedconditions,senility(高龄)andwhattodaywouldbedescribedas‘specialneeds’couldputgreatemotionaldemandsonfamilymemberswhohadprimaryresponsibilityfortheirsickordisabledrelatives.”Theresearchwillshedlightuponhowcaringforthementallyillanddisabledraiseddifficultissuesforfamiliesaboutthelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibility,andwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedbytheexperience.Thequestionsofhowfarshamewasattachedtohavinginsanityoridiocywithinafamily,andatwhatpointfamiliesbegantoseekoutsidehelp,willalsobeaddressed.“Thefamilymusthaveseemedaninescapablefeatureofdailylifebetween1660and1800,”saidFoyster.“Althoughtherewerethosewhowereabandonedandrejected,forthemajority,mentaldisabilitywasaccommodatedwithinthefamilyunit.Iaimtogettotheheartofwhatthisreallymeantforpeople’slives.”43.WhichisNOTthereasonwhythosementallyillanddisabledwerenotinstitutionalizedfrom1660to1800?AMentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsthen.B.Theextensivebuildingofmentalhospitalsdidn’tstartyet.C.Theywereabandonedbythegovernmentandthefamily.D.Thefamilywouldbefoundguiltyiftheydidn’tcareforthem.44.WhydoesFoysterwanttocarryoutthisstudy?A.Becauseitcanprovidesomefoodforthoughtforsomecurrentsocialissues.B.Becausethestressesandstrainsoffamilylifehavedrivenmanypeoplecrazy.C.Becauseshe’slookingforwaystocommunicatewiththesickordisabledpeople.D.Becausethelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibilityinsuchfamilies,interesther.45.WhichquestionwillNOTbestudiedintheresearch?A.Howshouldresourcestodaybestretchedtoprovideforanagingpopulation?B.Howdidcaringforthesickanddisabledaffectthefamily’searningpower?C.Howshamefuldidafamilyfeelwhentheirinsaneordisabledrelativeswerefoundout?D.Atwhatpointdidthosefamilieshavetobegintolookforoutsidehelp?46.Thepassageiswritteninorderto________.A.revealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelativesB.provideanhistoricalperspectivetocontemporarydebatesC.shedlightuponwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedD.introduceanewhistoricalstudycarriedoutbyaCambridgehistorian【答案】43.C44.A45.A46.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了剑桥历史学家伊丽莎白·福斯特博士的一项新研究将揭示照顾精神病患者和残疾亲属对家庭的影响。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“asthiswastheperiodbeforetheextensivebuildingofmentalhospitals.”可知,这是在精神病院广泛建立之前的时期,根据第一段中的“Instead,theywerehousedathome,andcaredforbyotherfamilymembers.”可知,相反,他们被安置在家里,由其他家庭成员照顾(当时精神疾病和残疾主要是家庭问题),根据第三段中的“atatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.”可知,当时的济贫法规定家庭必须照顾患有精神疾病和残疾的家庭成员(不照顾他们就会被判有罪),以上三点是1660年至1800年精神病患者和残疾人没有被收容的原因,文中并没有提到原因是他们被政府和家庭遗弃。故C项正确。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Specifically,sheaimstoprovideanhistoricalperspectiveforcontemporarydebatessuchashowresourcescanbestretchedtoprovideforchildrenwithlearningdifficultiesandanagingpopulation”可知,具体地说,她旨在为当代的争论提供一个历史视角,例如如何利用资源为有学习困难和人口老龄化的儿童提供帮助。由此可知,她进行这项研究的原因是它能为当前的社会问题提供一些发人深思的东西。故A项正确。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“willcarefullyexaminetheemotionalandeconomicconsequencesforfamiliesatatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.”可知,该研究将仔细研究在济贫法规定家庭必须照顾他们的精神病和残疾家庭成员的情况下照顾精神病患者和残疾人给家庭造成的经济后果,再根据倒数第二段中的“Thequestionsofhowfarshamewasattachedtohavinginsanityoridiocywithinafamily,andatwhatpointfamiliesbegantoseekoutsidehelp,willalsobeaddressed.”可知,我们还将讨论家庭中的精神错乱或白痴与羞耻感之间的关系,以及家庭在什么时候开始寻求外界帮助的问题,以上三个方面是该项研究要研究的内容,而没有提到要研究当今的资源应如何用于应对人口老龄化。故A项正确。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.”可知,本文主要介绍了剑桥历史学家伊丽莎白·福斯特博士的一项新研究将揭示照顾精神病患者和残疾亲属对家庭的影响,本文的目的就是介绍这项新的历史研究。故D项正确。【点睛】涉及到文章意图的推理判断题难度较大,抓住文章主题是关键,例如本篇第4题,根据第二段“NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.”可知,本文主要介绍了剑桥历史学家伊丽莎白·福斯特博士的一项新研究将揭示照顾精神病患者和残疾亲属对家庭的影响,因此本文的目的就是介绍这项新的历史研究。故D项正确。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.RaisingConfidentKidsSelf-esteemisacollectionofbeliefsorfeelingswehaveaboutourselves.Havingahealthyself-esteemcanprotectusthroughdifficulttimesandhelpusremainfocusedonwhatisimportanttous.Researchshowsthatchildrenwithhighself-esteemgrowuptobemoreconfidentadults.Self-esteembuildingshouldstartyoung.____47____PraiseactionsYoungchildrenneedfeedback.It'showtheymeasuretheiractionsanditplaysaroleinlearningfromexperience.Providespecificpraiseaboutactualactionsperformedandeffortsmadeintheprocess.____48____IdentifystrengthsPreschoolersarealwayswatchingeachother.Onthebrightside,theylearnnewthingsfromeachother.Ontheotherside,theycanbecomeself-criticalwhentheyseeapeeraccomplishingsomethingtheystillstruggletodo.____49____Tellyourchildrentofocusontheirstrengthswhentheystarttodrawcomparisons.FosterasenseofbelongingYoungchildrenmaynotunderstandhowpeerpressureworks,buttheyfeelitwhenthey'rebeingexcluded.Showyourchildrenthattheyareimportantbylisteningtoandrespondingtotheirneedsandideas.Asmuchaspossible,saveg
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