2025版高考英语一轮复习必修1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld学案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit2Englisharoundtheworld———[单元主题语境]——人与自我之语言学习的规律、方法等(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)话题：语言的消逝词数：304难度：★★★★Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter­gatherers，small，tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards，manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers，andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies，trade，industrialisation，thedevelopmentofthenation­stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation，especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent，theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages，oftenspokenbymanypeople，whilehot，wetzoneshavelots，oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages；theAmericasabout1,000；Africa2,400；andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200，ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000，whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick，atrandom，BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers)，ChiapanecoinMexico(150)，LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one，withaquestion­mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上语言多样性的发展变更以及种类随人类社会的发展而渐渐削减这一现象。28．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter­gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.解析：推理推断题。依据第一段中的“Somelanguageexpertsbelieve...12,000languagesbetweenthem.”可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1000万人时，他们之间可能说12000种语言。由此可推断，狩猎时代的语言种类很多。答案：B29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful.D．Modern.解析：词义揣测题。依据其次段中的“allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致很多语言消逝，而渐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，这就示意了这些语言渐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful(强大的，有影响力的)。答案：C30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800.B．About3,400.C．About2,400.D．About1,200.解析：数字计算题。依据第三段第一句“Atpresent，theworldhasabout6,800languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6800种语言；再依据“Themediannumberofspeakersisamere6,000，whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的运用人数少于6000，也就是说有大约3400种语言的运用人数少于6000。答案：B31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.解析：主旨大意题。依据第一段第一句和其次段可知，随着社会的发展，尤其是工业化、全球化以来，很多语言已经消逝，即人类社会的发展使得世界上语言的种类越来越少。故选C。答案：C一、语言实力生词僻义/熟词生义1．populatev．构成……的人口2．settledadj.稳定的3．unevenadj.分布不均4．accountfor占据5．welladv.大大地；远远地二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——词义揣测题正确选项特征(1)与原文上下文联系特别紧密。(2)可以通过上下文内容的提示确定。原文提示的方式一般有：定义和说明、描述和例证、同义和反义、平行关系以及构词法等。第29题，依据其次段最终一句中的increasinglytakingover“越来越占据统治地位”可知，dominant意为“占优势的；占支配地位的”，与C项同义。2．分析长难句并翻译句子...andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200，ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.[分析]ofwhich引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词3,200。句中的well为副词，意为“远远地”。[翻译]……亚洲和环太平洋地区也许有3_200种语言，其中仅巴布亚新几内亚独立国一个国家的语言就远超800种。三、文化素养思索：通过阅读这篇文章，你对语言的发展有何相识？当前发展一般话有何意义？随着改革开放和社会主义市场经济的发展，社会对普及一般话的需求也越来越剧烈。因此，在全民中大力推广和普及一般话已经成为当前社会文化活动中特别重要、特别迫切的一项任务。授课提示：对应学生用书第12页NO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………[先识记]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．commandhimtostartatonce吩咐他立即动身2．recognizethewrongdecisions承认错误的确定3．thelatterhalfoftheyear下半年4．thebaseoftheglass杯子的底座5．haveasoundeconomicbase有很好的经济基础6．asix­dayvoyage六天的航程7．requestsomeinformation要求供应一些信息8．mynativelanguage/tongue我的母语9．thegradualintroduction渐渐引入10．theamountactuallyborrowed实际借款数目11．developawidevocabulary扩大词汇量12．keepyourbackstraight把你的背挺直[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Mycomputerhasaprogramwhichcancorrectmyspelling(s)(spell)automatically.2．NearlyonehundredcountriesrecognizeEnglishastheirofficial(office)language.3．Actually(actual)，heisanhonestandreliableperson，whomyoucandependon.4．Asisknowntoall，educationisagradualprocess，andpeoplearegraduallyawareofitsimportance.(gradual)5．Hehadchangedsomuchthatyoucouldn'trecognizehim.Asamatteroffact，illnessandagechangedhimbeyondrecognition.(recognize)6．IcanhardlyexpresshowgratefulIfeel.Iwillgiveherthepresentasanexpressionofgratitude.(express)7．IcanspeakEnglishfluently，somydeskmateadmiresmyfluentEnglishverymuchandIusuallyfeelencouragedbyhiscompliments.(fluent)8．Frequentlygoingoutonadatemayresultinfrequentabsencefromclasses，whichwillinterferewiththeirstudies.(frequent)02阅读单词…………标注不相识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□elevator□apartment□identity□lightning□lorry□petrol□eastern□enrich□subway□dialect□accent□block□cabNO.2短语——在拼法中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．haveagoodcommandofFrench精通法语2．bebasedonsolidfacts以确凿的事实为依据3．becauseofwhatyoudo因为你做的事4．makeuseofreferencebooks运用参考书5．thenumberofpeoplethere那儿的人数6．leaveforGuangzhoubyplane乘飞机去广州7．comeuptothefire到炉火这边来8．playapartintheplay在该剧中扮演一个角色9．dressmorethansimply穿着特别朴实10．dislikepeoplesuchashim不喜爱像他这样的人11．writeinstandardEnglish用标准英文写作12．beallrightatpresent目前一切正常[词汇积累]1．后缀­ern构成的方位形容词集锦①eastern东部的；东部的；来自东部的②western西方的；西部的；来自西方的③southern南方的；南部的④northern北方的；北部的⑤northwestern西北方的⑥southeastern东南方的2．en­前缀和­en后缀变更词性①rich→v.enrich使富有②able→v.enable使能够③large→v.enlarge使扩大④sure→v.ensure确保；担保⑤strength→v.strengthen加强；巩固⑥short→v.shorten缩短；使变短3．at时间短语小结①atpresent现在；目前②attimes有时③atatime一次④atonetime曾经⑤atthebeginningof在……起先时⑥atthemoment现在NO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请依据提示完成下列句子1．evenif＝eventhough意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句即使你忙于功课，我还是希望你能参与即将到来的庆祝活动。Evenif/thoughyouarebusywithyourlessons，Ihopeyoucanattendtheupcomingcelebration.(2024·高考天津卷)2．more...than...“与其说……倒不如说……”我的英语取得了很大进步，老师表扬了我，与其说我聪慧倒不如说我勤奋。ImadesuchgreatprogressinEnglishthatmyteacherpraisedme，sayingthatIwasmorediligentthanclever.3．Thereisnosuch...“没有这样的……”世界上没有像你说的那样聪慧的人。Thereisnosuchwise/cleverpersonasyousaidintheworld.4．This/Thatisbecause...意为“这/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今日早上起晚了。Hemissedthefirstbusandthatwasbecausehegotuplatethismorning.5．theway作先行词引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语时，关系词有三种形式：that，inwhich或不填我不喜爱你和那位老人说话的方式。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youtalkedtotheoldman.授课提示：对应学生用书第13页1．basevt.以……为依据n．基部；基地；基础[文化金句]Jiangxi，thetraditionalrevolutionarybase，isfullofredcultureresources.江西作为传统革命依据地，红色文化资源丰富。[归纳拓展](1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上bebasedon/upon以……为基础；依据……(2)basicadj.基本的；基础的(3)basisn．基础；依据[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasic(base)principleofsportsmanship.(2024·高考北京卷)②Scientistshavebuiltanearly­warningsystembased(base)onmathematicalmodels.(2024·高考天津卷)实力提升——句式升级Therestaurantisbasedontrust，anditisworkingallright.→③Basedontrust，therestaurantisworkingallright.(分词短语作状语)→④Therestaurant，whichisbasedontrust，isworkingallright.(定语从句)2．commandn．[C]吩咐；指令；[U]驾驭vt.吩咐；指挥[文化金句]AforeignercannothaveagoodcommandofChineseunlessheovercomestheculturalbarriersinlearningChinese.外国人在汉语学习中，只有克服文化障碍才能很好地驾驭汉语。[归纳拓展](1)atone'scommand听某人支配havea(good)commandof驾驭；精通(尤指语言)takecommandof限制；担当……的指挥(2)commandsb.todosth.吩咐某人做某事commandthat...(should)do...吩咐……做……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/揣测加黑词的含义①I'matyourcommand—whatwouldyoulikemetodo?②Thepolicecommandedthewitnesstodescribe(describe)whathadhappenedthedaybefore.→Thepolicecommandedthatthewitness(should)describe(describe)whathadhappenedthedaybefore.③Itwashisbraveryshowedintherescueworkthatcommandedourrespect.赢得实力提升——完成句子/句式升级④IhavesuchagoodcommandoforalEnglishthatIcancommunicatesmoothlywithBritishpaintinglovers.(such...that...)(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)我的英语口语很好，我能和英国的绘画爱好者顺畅地沟通。⑤SuchagoodcommandoforalEnglishdoIhavethatIcancommunicatesmoothlywithBritishpaintinglovers.(利用倒装句升级句④)[实战贴士]command后面跟that引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”，以下动词具有相同的用法：一坚持：insist；二吩咐：order，command；三建议：suggest，advise，recommend；四要求：demand，request，require，desire；再加一个敦促：urge。3．requestn．&vt.恳求；要求[写作佳句]OurteachermadearequestthatweshouldtakethisopportunitytotalkabouthowwelearnEnglishontheInternet.我们的老师要求我们利用这个机会谈谈我们如何在网上学习英语。[归纳拓展](1)makearequestforsth./that...恳求/要求……atone'srequest应某人的要求(2)requestsb.todosth.恳求某人做某事requestthat...(should)dosth.恳求……Itisrequestedthat...(should)dosth.据要求……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Allthestudentsarerequestedtoget(get)involvedintheactivity.②Itisrequested(request)thatallthevisitorsshouldnottakepicturesoftheexhibitions.实力提升——一句多译老师要求我们为考试做好充分的打算。③Ourteacherrequestedthatwe(should)bewellpreparedfortheexam.(requestthat...)④Ourteachermadearequestthatwe(should)bewellpreparedfortheexam.(requestn．)⑤Ourteacherrequestedustobewellpreparedfortheexam.(requestsb.todosth.)[实战贴士]动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。4．recognizevt.分辨出；承认；公认[写作佳句]Itisrecognizedthatenvironmentalpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostseriousproblems.人们一样认为环境污染已经变成了最严峻的问题之一。[归纳拓展](1)recognizesb./one'svoice认出某人/听出某人的声音berecognizedtobe/as...被认为是……Itisrecognizedthat...人们公认……(2)recognitionn．认出；相识beyond(all)recognition认不出来[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized(recognize)．②Heisrecognizedastherepresentativefigureinthisfield.③Iwentbacktomyhometownafter20yearsandthecityhadchangedbeyondrecognition(recognize)．实力提升——句型转换④Thebookisrecognizedtobeoneofthegreatestworksofliteratureofthiscentury.→Itisrecognizedthatthebookisoneofthegreatestworksofliteratureofthiscentury.5．comeup走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起[写作佳句]Assoonastheplancameupatthemeeting，itattractedmanypeople'sattention.这个安排在会上一被提出，就引起了很多人的留意。[归纳拓展]comeabout发生；导致comeupwith想出；提出comeacross(偶然)遇见；发觉cometo总计；达到whenitcomesto...当谈到……[实战演练]基础练透——一词多义①Thestudentcameuptohisteacherandaskedforadvice.走近②Theplanofprotectingtheenvironmentcameupatthemeetinglastyear.被提出③Theskywasdarkbluewhenthemooncameup.升起④Iplantedsomeseedsintheyard.Buttheyfailedtocomeup.发芽实力提升——完成句子⑤Whenitcomestostudents'surfingtheInternet，somepeoplethinkstudentscanbenefitfromit.当谈到学生上网，有些人认为学生可以从中获益。⑥Specialistscancomeupwithnewwaystosolvetheproblemofairpollution.专家们可能会想出解决空气污染问题的新方法。[实战贴士]comeup的主语是物，表示“(安排、建议、方案等)被提出”，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而comeupwith的主语是人或团体组织，表示“(某人)提出”，为及物动词短语。6．makeuseof利用；运用(use可用good/full/little等词修饰)[文化金句]Westudentsaswellasourteachersmakegooduseofthegymnasiumtodosportsafterclasseveryday.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)每天下课后，我们学生和老师们都充分利用这个体育馆做运动。[归纳拓展](1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(makefull/gooduseof,makethebest/mostof))充分利用(2)comeintouse起先被运用beof(great)use(很)有用Itisnouse/uselessdoingsth.做某事是没用的[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/单句改错①WeshouldmakefulluseofeverychancetopractisespeakingEnglish.②It'snousecomplaining(complain)withouttakingaction.③Ihopetheinformationwillbeofgreatusefultoyou.useful→use实力提升——句式升级Wemustmakefulluseofeveryminutetogooverourlessons，forthefinalexaminationiscoming.→④Fullusemustbemadeofeveryminutetogooverourlessons，forthefinalexaminationiscoming.(用fulluse作主语)→⑤Everyminutemustbemadefulluseoftogooverourlessons，forthefinalexaminationiscoming.(用everyminute作主语)[实战贴士]makeuseof短语的构成特点为：动词＋名词＋介词；须要关注两种考查方式：(1)把use提前，运用被动语态；(2)把use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。7．more...than...“与其说……倒不如说……”[教材原句]ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而不是我们今日所说的英语。[归纳拓展](1)morethan＋数词或从句超过……morethan＋形容词特别……morethan＋名词不只是；不仅是(2)nomorethan只不过；仅仅notmorethan不超过；至多[实战演练]基础练透——补全句子①IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent(超过55%)．(2024·高考浙江卷)②Historyismuchmorethanthestudy(不仅仅是探讨)ofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.(2024·高考天津卷)③Iammorethandelighted(特别兴奋)toknowyouareinvitedtoadinnerpartybyyourChinesefriend.④ThebeautyoftheSummerPalaceismorethanIcandescribe(我无法描述的)．实力提升——词汇升级⑤I'dbeverygratefulifyoucouldacceptmyinvitation.morethan[实战贴士]more...than...结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。more和than后接两个并列成分。8．nosuch＋单数名词，意为“没有这样的……”[教材原句]Believeitornot，thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。[归纳拓展](1)nosuch＋单数名词＋as...“没有像……这样的”(2)such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与all，no，some，any，few，little，many，much，several，one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。(3)such＋eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数,adj.＋不行数名词/复数名词))＋that...“如此……以至于……”(4)such...as...“像……这样的……”，as在句中引导定语从句[实战演练]基础练透——对比填空(that/as)①It'ssuchadifficultproblemaswecan'tworkout.②It'ssuchadifficultproblemthatwecan'tworkitout.实力提升——完成句子/句式升级③Thereisnosuchthingasfailure.Thatisjustlifetryingtomoveusinanotherdirection.世上没有失败，那不过是生活想让我们换个方向罢了。④Heissuchagoodprofessorthateveryonerespectshim.→Suchagoodprofessorishethateveryonerespectshim.(用倒装结构升级句子)[实战贴士]在“nosuch＋单数名词”结构中，单数名词前不行再加冠词，相当于“notsucha(n)＋单数名词”。授课提示：对应学生用书第15页[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2024·高考天津卷)NowIknowwhoIam!I'mTyson'slittlebrother,butthat'sonlypartofmyidentity.n.身份②(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.vt.阻挡③(江西卷)LargefootballclubsbenefitfinanciallyfromTVincomeandthetopplayerscancommandverylargesalaries.vt.赢得④(2024·高考浙江卷)Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs，suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合)．n.本国人2．一词多义①(2024·高考天津卷)Touchedbytheirenthusiasticexpressionofaffection,Mabrythankedthemall.“They'relikemychildren，”Mabrysaid.BA．词语 B．表示；表达②(2024·高考北京卷)Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself­drivingminibus.AA．n.街区B．n.一块(木头、石头等)C．n.栋；座；幢③(北京卷)Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter(散射)light，bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.AA．直的B．正直的C．诚恳的Ⅱ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2024·高考天津卷)ItwassogoodtofeelacceptedforwhatI'mgoodat.Forthefirsttimeinmylife，Iactually(actual)feltcool.②(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognize(recognize)differentparticipantsbased(base)onhowtheytyped，withverylowerrorrates.③(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Butthenwegotanofficial(office)letterandwewereblownaway.④(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)However，withinafewyears，streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineastern(east)cities.⑤(2024·天津3月高考)Awidesmileemergedfromhisblankexpression(express)．Howbeautifulhissmilewas!⑥(2024·高考天津卷)Onaregularday，studentsattheschoolsometimescomeuptohimtosaythey'renotfeelingwellorothertimestotellhimaboutsomethingthathappenedatbreak.2．完形填空①(2024·高考浙江卷)Icouldn'tseeDon,butasI50thetractorhejumpedoutontotheroad,apparentlyunhurt,anddashedbacktome.A．abandoned B．approachedC．recognized D．repaired解析：此处指“我”没有看到Don，但当“我”靠近拖拉机时，他跳到了路上。approach走近，靠近。答案：B②(2024·高考江苏卷)ForalongtimeGabrieldidn'twanttobeinvolvedinmusicatall.Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool，Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatthemusicstudents，strugglingacrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases，37atschoolforpracticehoursbeforeanyoneelsehadtobethere.A．risingup B．comingupC．drivingup D．turningup解析：此处表示出现在学校。turnup“出现”；riseup“升起”；come