2024年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解考点讲解含解析

阅读理解Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要驾驭问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观推断题。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地解除干扰项，选出正确答案。二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。必需在特别有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕获时空、依次、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。三、详读细微环节，理顺思路与文章脉络。文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事务的发生、发展、结局绽开故事；争论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过说明、举例来阐述观点。四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理推断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创建性的思维活动。它必需忠实于原文，以文章供应的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像，随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。五、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语阅读的重要实力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但须要精确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，驾驭或相识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法，语法，定义，同位语，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。Ⅱ.阅读理解常见问题及缘由分析问题一：已经找对了题干与原文对应处，为何还做错？缘由：①精确定位：要看清真正的问题，即用信息词定位之后，要看清句子逻辑关系，弄清意思。②学会看选项的方法：a．找最贴近原文意思的选项；b．去除选项间的相同信息，特地关注区分点；c．分清褒贬；d．分清程度大小，剧烈关注选项中表内容的单词；e．看清范围，分清是整体还是局部。高频考点一正确选项特征在阅读理解的备考过程中，明确阅读理解常设选项的特征是快速精确锁定答案的关键。高考英语阅读理解的正确选项一般通过以下途径设置：关键词干脆复现：干脆复现类可从问题中找到关键词，以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧快速定位即可。此类题目较为简洁，考查频率不高。对原文关键词进行同义转换、正话反说和细微环节概括：此类题目需对原文信息进行精确理解并简洁推理，视察词义、词性及语态的变更。这是命题人常用的设题方式，复习时应驾驭英语的多种表达法。一、同义转述从近几年的高考题来看，细微环节理解题不仅数量有所增加，而且难度也稍有加大，主要表现为题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一样。命题人一般会对文章细微环节加以转述来考查考生精确理解细微环节的实力。转述的主要方式有以下三种：1．同义词转化：把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，设为正确选项。2．词性或语态等的变更：把原文中的词变换一下词性，或者变更原文句子的语态，用另一种表达转述原文信息。3．语言简化概括：把原文中的困难语言现象进行简化或概括成为正确答案。例1.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic­likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.30．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It’llbeenvironment­friendly.B．It’llreachconsumerssoon.C．It’llbemadeofplastics.D．It’llhelpspeeduptyping.【答案】B【解析】细微环节理解题。依据上段中的最终一句“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知，该探讨团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B。二、正话反说正话反说是阅读理解题目中的一个难点，通常有以下几个高频考向：1．Itlooks/soundslike/asif类：表示看/听起来似乎是，事实上并不是。2．虚拟语气句：用虚拟语气来表述与事实相反的状况，让读者推断事实内容。3．让步论述：先假设作者的观点反面成立，从而引出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结果，倒过来证明作者观点的正确性。4．反问句。例2.(2024·北京卷)Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.38．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemofrobocalls?A．Panicked. B．Confused.C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed.【答案】D【解析】推理推断题。依据上段中的“Bythetimethese‘solutions’(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可知，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛运用时，不法分子就会转向更聪慧的手段；由此可推知作者对自动语音电话问题的解决方案感到很悲观，D项意为“悲观的”，故选D。3.理解概括阅读理解除了考查考生对细微环节信息的精确理解外，还要求考生通过思维分析将信息进行归纳概括，使之系统化、条理化。例3.(2024·浙江卷)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】A【解析】标题归纳题。依据全文可知，文章主要讲解并描述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了其缘由。因此A项能很好地概括全文。故选A。高频考点二干扰项特征高考英语阅读理解的错误选项就是命题人用以干扰考生思维的陷阱。高考英语中，由于词汇量的限制，选择的文章不能过难。命题人就在问题和干扰项上做文章，使考生即使能基本读懂文章，也不能轻松做对题目。现在的干扰项不仅语言困难，而且欺瞒性强，两个语言水平相当、对文章理解程度相差不大的考生会因为对干扰项的辨别实力不同，而影响答题的精确率。为了提高辨别错误和干扰信息的实力，有必要分析干扰项的种种特征，使考生在命题人设置的种种陷阱前，做到心中有数。一、偷梁换柱干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相像的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的变更。例1.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ·D片段)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.32．Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A．Unkind. B．Lonely.C．Generous. D．Cool.【答案】C【解析】推理推断题。依据上段的第一句“Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.”可知，作者在小学时乐于共享。unkind“不友好的”，lonely“孤独的”，generous“慷慨的，大方的”，cool“酷的”，故选C。二、张冠李戴干扰项表述的内容在原文里可以找到信息依据，但与题干所问的动作发出者不一样。不留意动作主语的差异，张冠李戴，极易造成误选。例2.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan,aboutQueenElizabethⅡoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld,236W．45thSt.212­239­6200.)2．WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A．HelenMirren. B．PeterMorgan.C．DylanBaker. D．StephenDaldry.【答案】D【解析】细微环节理解题。题干问的是“谁执导了TheAudience？”。依据该部分中的“StephenDaldrydirects.”可知答案。三、确定化表达干扰项中出现如all,none,everyone,each,everything,impossible等确定化的表达，一般不符合客观事实和原文信息。例3.(2024·江苏卷)Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeinternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandinternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople’slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupinternetcentresinruralvillages.Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong­termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.62．TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould________．A．takepeople’sessentialneedsintoaccountB．maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC．ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD．providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities【答案】A【解析】推理推断题。依据上段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应当考虑人们的基本需求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故选A。四、颠倒逻辑干扰项中出现语义逻辑的混乱，即原文中出现的是A引起B,而选项中是B引起A，考生可能看到了文中出现过的词语，没有细探讨其逻辑意义，从而造成误选。例4.(2024·江苏卷)Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.61．Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto________．A．alackofconfidenceintechnologyB．aslowprogressintechnologyC．aconflictorpublicopinionsD．awasteoflimitedresources【答案】D【解析】细微环节理解题。依据上段中的“However，theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.”可知，对新技术影响的误判导致了对稀缺资源的误用，故选D。【高考题型解读】题型一、主旨大意题1．主旨大意题常分为两类：(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意。2．主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的实力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括实力，透过字里行间获得文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。研读近几年高考阅读理解，可以发觉对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位。【方法技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路：①找寻主题句，确定文章大意。在很多状况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和争论文时，依据其篇章特点我们可以通过找寻短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种状况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句)，因此，细致阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采纳阅读法，即阅读文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜寻主题信息。②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。找寻整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在找寻各段落中心句的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应当视察全文的结构支配，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细微环节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最终用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。③抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。不是全部的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。阅读这样的文章，就须要自己依据文章的细微环节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。例1、(2024·江苏卷·D)The65­year­oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimer’s(阿尔兹海默症).Hewaslosinghismemory.Asoftwareengineerbyprofession,Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano,andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwashistruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic,towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.Naomi,Melissa’sbestfriendandatalentedpianist,gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.“Whydothis？”Stevewondered.“Becauseshecares，”Melissasaid.Stevenodded,tearsineye.NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshe’dlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano.Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses,heartsinking.ButStevepressedon,playingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.“Itwasbeautiful，”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Themusicwasworthsaving.”Herresponsibility,herprivilege,wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwassillinSteveGoodwin.Itwashiddeninroomswithdoorsabouttobelocked.NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,andthenshe’dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hestoodbythepiano,eyesclosed,listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse.SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcode:lines,beats,intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldn’tplayit.WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday,Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording,arecordingoflossandlove,ofthefight.Stevecalledit“MelancholyFlower.”Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts.Stevestruggling,searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“honey”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angryandupset,saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim,tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite,andmostpersonal,songs.WithNaomi’shelp,theGoodwinfamilyfoundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingSteve’ssongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t.Inthemonthsleadinguptothe2024OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert,Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind:“MelancholyFlower.”ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoaskSteve’spermission.Heconsidereditanhonor.Aftertheconcert,NaomitoldthefamilythatSteve’smusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedinpublic.ThefamilyrentedaformerchurchindowntownPortlandandscheduledaconcert.Bythedayoftheshow,morethan300peoplehadsaidtheywouldattend.Bythen,Stevewashavingahardtimerememberingthenamesofsomeofhisfriends.Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,surroundedbyhisfamily.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Herfingers.Hisheart.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了Steve在家人、挚友的帮助下与病魔赛跑及众人努力挽救可能失传的“独家音乐”的感人故事。65．WhydidMelissawanttosaveherfather’smusic?A．Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening.B．Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather.C．Hismusicdeservedtobepreservedinthefamily.D．Shewantedtomakeherfatheraprofessional.【答案】C【解析】细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段可知，父亲Steve是一位钢琴爱好者，是家里唯一一位音乐家，再依据第三段中的“feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic,towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung”可知，父亲Steve的音乐陪伴了Melissa的成长，因此Melissa觉得它对于这个家庭来说有着特殊的意义，值得被保存，故本题答案为C。66．AfterhearingSteve’splaying,Naomi________．A．refusedtomakeacommentonitB．wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusicC．decidedtofreeStevefromsufferingD．regrettedofferinghelptoherfriend【答案】B【解析】细微环节理解题。依据第十段“‘Itwasbeautiful，’Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.‘Themusicwasworthsaving.’”可知，听完他的演奏之后，Naomi对他的音乐很是赞许，故本题答案为B。67．HowcantheprocessofSteve’srecordingbedescribed?A．Itwasslowbutproductive.B．Itwasbeneficialtohishealth.C．ItwastiresomeforNaomi.D．ItwasvitalforNaomi’scareer.【答案】A【解析】细微环节理解题。依据第十二段中的“NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,andthenshe’dtakehisplace.”及第十四段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.”可知，音乐的录制过程缓慢，但是有成效，故本题答案为A。68．BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlower，”hiswifeJoni________．A．thoughtthemusictalentofStevewasexhaustedB．didn’texpectthedamagethediseasebroughtaboutC．didn’tfullyrealizethevalueofherhusband’smusicD．broughtherhusband’smusiccareertoperfection【答案】C【解析】推理推断题。依据第十五段中的“Stevestruggling,searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim‘honey’andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angryandupset,saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim,tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.”可知，在Steve进行音乐创作时，他泄气过，甚至说过要放弃，而他的妻子Joni仍旧激励他和表扬他，并称这会是他的“签名之作”。由signature一般表示“(文件结尾的)签名”可推知，Joni认为这会是她丈夫最终的创作，她之前并没有想到丈夫的音乐会有被公开演奏的一天。再结合下文中Steve的音乐在音乐会上被演奏并得到认可及其对Steve的影响的内容可知，Joni之前并没有完全相识到Steve的音乐的价值或其主动作用。故本题答案为C。69．HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortland?A．Hefeltconcernedabouthisillness.B．Hesensedaresponsibilityformusic.C．Heregainedhisfaithinmusic.D．Hegotintoastateofquiet.【答案】D【解析】细微环节理解题。依据文章最终两段的内容尤其是倒数其次段中的“Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.”可知，在音乐会上，他心情很安静。故本题答案为D。70．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．TheKindnessofFriendsB．ThePowerofMusicC．TheMakingofaMusicianD．TheValueofDetermination【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。音乐让Steve在家人、挚友的帮助下绽开了一场与病魔赛跑的接力赛，因此ThePowerofMusic适合作文章的标题。题型二、细微环节理解题1．此类题型一般分两种状况；干脆事实题(在原文中可干脆找到答案，常见的类型有对号入座题、是非推断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(须要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。2．细微环节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细微环节进行理解。有些问题，考生可以干脆从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则须要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、推断、比较等。【技巧归纳】做事实细微环节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是推断正误。【特殊提示】细微环节理解题的三个步骤：①阅读全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。②抓关键词，快速寻读。依据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而精确地在文章中找寻与此问题相关的信息，找到后细致阅读，反复品尝，细致比较选项和文中细微环节，在精确理解该细微环节的前提下，解除干扰项，从而确定答案。③回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必需回读原文，再一次依据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。总之，对于细微环节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中找寻与此问题相关的段落、语句，细致品尝，比照比较，确定答案。例2.(2024·江苏卷·A)Whateveryourageorinterests,Buxtonhassomethingtoseeordotomakeyourvisittrulymemorable.High_energyIfyoudesirephysicalactivities,youcanchooseactivitiesfromswimmingtohorseriding.ExploretheheightswithGoApe,thehighwireforestadventurecourse,orjourneybeneaththeearthatPoole’sCavern.Anddon’tforget:wearesurroundedbyanaturalplaygroundjustperfectforwalking,caving,climbingandcycling.High_mindedBuxtonisjustifiablyproudofitsculturallifeandyou’llfindmuchtosuitalltasteswithart,music,operaandtheperformingartsatBuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentreandGreenManGallery.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved,includingworkshopsandevents.Keeping_the_kids_happyChildrenlovethesmalltrainandplaygroundsinthePavilionGardensandthere’splentymoretoexploreattheBuxtonMuseum.There’sanewindoorplaycentre,plusthespecialeventsandworkshops,andothersduringschoolholidayperiods.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴克斯顿(Buxton)令人难忘的景点及活动。56．Ifyouwanttotakeanundergroundjourney,whichplaceisthebestchoice?A．Poole’sCavern.B．PavilionGardens.C．BuxtonMuseum.D．GreenManGallery.【答案】A【解析】细微环节理解题。依据High_energy部分中的“ExploretheheightswithGoApe,thehighwireforestadventurecourse,orjourneybeneaththeearthatPoole’sCavern.”可知，假如你想进行地下之旅，可选择Poole’sCavern。57．BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentreisspecialbecauseitoffers________.A．ridesinsmalltrainsB．coursesinmodernartsC．artisticandculturalactivitiesD．basiccoursesinhorseriding【答案】C【解析】细微环节理解题。依据High_minded部分中的“Buxtonisjustifiablyproudofitsculturallifeandyou’llfindmuchtosuitalltastes...Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved”可知，BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentre很特殊的缘由是它供应多种文化艺术活动。题型三、词义揣测题1．词义揣测题的常见形式：(1)干脆对某个生疏的词汇进行理解；(2)对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；(3)对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；(4)对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行干脆的或说明性的描述。2．词义揣测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的实力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义揣测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读实力考查的一个方面。【方法技巧】词义揣测题的三大突破1．依据定义揣测词义。假如生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or，similarly，thatistosay，inratherwords，namely，orrather，say等)或同位语从句来定义，或运用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以说明，理解这些定义或说明就是在理解词义。2．依据对比、比较关系揣测词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或两种现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面揣测其词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，inspiteof，incontrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly，like，justas，also，aswellas等。3．通过构词法揣测词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分，词性的变更都可以示意出词义。留意①不管这个词多超纲，依据上下文都能得出其意思；②不管这个词多熟识，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。例3.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“­ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon­nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,_Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses. B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes. D．Sillyjokes.【答案】A【解析】词义揣测题。依据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说激励同学们学会赞美自己。文中ChrisPalaez的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时特别惊慌，所以说话磕磕绊绊，故选A。【举一反三】(2024·北京卷)AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol­poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self­drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride­hailingservices,consideringthecostofself­drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Employed. B．Replaced.C．Shared. D．Reduced.【答案】A【解析】词义揣测题。利用构词法解题。field常用作名词，表示“场地，领域”，此处用作动词，引申为“运用，应用”。依据上段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainly”并结合下句中的“asthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology”可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术起先应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到“叫车服务”中。故选A。【变式探究】(2024·北京卷)Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.【答案】A【解析】词义揣测题。依据上段尾句“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth...butalsonutrients.”可知，温度变更对phytoplankton有很大的影响；由此可推知phytoplankton对海洋的温度很敏感。故选A。【举一反三】(2024·江苏卷·B)Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark，BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that’swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn’tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn’tfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh­altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow­upforoneofthevisitors’centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。20世纪60年头，BobChristiansen在探讨黄石国家公园的火山历史时，对一件以前从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑：他找不到公园里的火山。58．WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A．Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B．Itsever­lastinginfluenceontourism.C．Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D．Theexactlocationofthevolcano.【答案】D【解析】细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano”可知，BobChristiansen对黄石国家公园的火山位置感到困惑。59．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theshapesofvolcanoes.B．Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C．Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D．Theheightsofvolcanoes.【答案】A【解析】段落大意题。依据其次段内容尤其是其中的“Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofFujiorKilimanjaro”和“asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding...avasthole”可知，该段主要讲两类火山的形态。60．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow­up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Hot­airballoon. B．Digitalcamera.C．Bigphotograph. D．Bird’sview.【答案】C【解析】词义揣测题。依据画线词前的“NASAdecidedto...bytakingparagraphsofYellowstone”和本段中的“AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.”可知，NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片，Christiansen在照片上看到公园的全景。由此可推知，blow­up意为“放大的照片”。题型四、推理推断题1．推理推断题的考查形式通常为：推断隐含含义；推断作者的观点和看法；推断写作目的和意图；推断文章的出处；推断文章中人物的性格看法等。2．推理推断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所供应的信息动身，运用逻辑思维，同时借助确定的常识进行分析、推理、推断的实力。【方法技巧】推理推断题的五大技巧：1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、推断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。做推理题时，有时须要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理推断，确定最佳结论。3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。几乎每篇文章的语境都有确定的褒贬性，它反映了主子公的特定心理和心情状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行精确的逻辑推断。4．依据文章的结论推断作者的看法。作者的思想倾向和感情色调往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特殊留意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色调的形容词。5．依据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格依据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是依据自己的阅历、看法、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。例4.(2024·江苏卷·C)Whocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheinternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolutionrepresentedbytheinternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin“post­industrialsociety”hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业),withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeinternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandinternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashio