北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高三年级上册期末考试英语试卷

北京市海淀区20232024学年第一学期期末练习

高三英语

2024.01

本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上,在试卷上作答

无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在

答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Backin2008,IwasteachingConceptsofFitnessinahighschool.Attheendofoneclass,I

chattedwithDavidGale,aseniorhighjumper,abouthowtoimprovehis]andhowmotivation

playedanimportantroleinone'sachievement.He,outoftheblue,askedmewhatwouldhappenif

hebroketheschoolrecord.

Not2ofhispassionanddetermination,Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatI

wouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom.HewasveryexcitedandsuggestedthatIgo

purchasethepaint.

Nothingmorewasmentionedaboutthe3untiltwoweekslater,theyoungwarriorraninto

theclassroomwithahugesmileonhisface."Ididit!Ibroketherecord!"heshoutedasIwasstill

gatheringinformationto4whatIhadpromisedhim.Ijoinedinwiththehighfivesandfistbumps

5_him.

Thenextday,itwasdone!GALE.Hugeblueletterswithwhiteedges,theschoolcolors.Icould

seehisexcitementevensurpassedthesuccessitself.Actually,hiscoachsaidthewallwaspartofthe

6tobreaktherecord.

Whathappenednextwastotallyamazing.Manystudents,evenfromotherclasses,sawthename

onthewalland7howthey,too,couldbeconsideredforthewall.Withtheenormous8,1had

toaddmorenamestothewall,andmorethan100namesappearedthereinthefollowing10years.

Manyfolksadmittedtheywouldnothave9whattheydidifthewallhadn'tbeenpartofthe

reward.Moreimportantly,allthosewhosteppedfarbeyondtheirfortzonehelpedsetthe10

higher.

1.A.healthB.performanceC.talentD.knowledge

2.A.proudB.afraidC.certainD.fond

3.A.promiseB.recordC.suggestionD.news

4.A.describeB.recallC.explainD.picture

5.A.encouragingB.admiringC.congratulatingD.greeting

6.A.excitementB.confidenceC.creativityD.motivation

7.A.inquiredB.expectedC.insistedD.doubted

8.A.effortB.experienceC.stressD.response

9.A.adjustedB.achievedC.examinedD.displayed

10.A.paceB.stageC.barD.tone

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给

出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。

A

WhenMarkwasdrivingtothemartialartsgymwherehetrainsandvolunteers,hesaw11

lookedlikeapolicepursuit.SoonMarkrealizedtheofficerdidnothavecontrolofthesituation.

Jumpingoutofhiscar,Markidentifiedhimselfandspelledouthisintention12(make)it

twoononeintheofficer'sfavor.Then,withtheofficer13(struggle)tocontroltheman'supper

body,Markputhisweightontheman'slegs.Butthesuspectmanagedtorolltohisright,ontohis

stomach.Markimmediately14(apply)amartialmovetocontrolhisshoulderandupperbody.

Afewsecondslater,thesuspectgaveout.Theofficersecuredahandcuffandthethreatwasover.

B

Glassrecyclinghasbeesuchabigindustrythattheamountofglass15(recycle)isnot

meetingthedemandfornewglasstobeproduced.SomestatesinU.S.haveattemptedtoresolvethis

situationinhopesofencouragingthe16(produce)ofglassoverplasticbyofferingmonetary

incentives(奖励)forglass.Forexample,Californiahasaspecialprogram17youcanearn

fivecentsformostglassbottlesaswellasplasticonesandaluminumcanslessthan24ounces.For

itemsover24ounces,youcanearn10centseach.

C

IntheStates,tourismisclearlynotanenvironmentally"clean"industry.Peopledonotjustshow

up,spend18(they)moneyandleave.Instead,theyshowup,andiftheyhavemoremoneythan

thelocalsdo,theymoveinandtellafriend.Somorepeopleareattracted19thisplaceandmore

homesarebuiltforthem.Butthesehomesareoftenpricingoutthelocals.Thehospitalityindustry

doescreatejobs,butmanyofthesejobsdon'tpayalot.Thetaxesthatefromtourism20(use)

tofixtheproblemsthattourismcausesinthefirstplace.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将

该项涂黑。

A

DearColleague,

IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm'sfourexcitingprograms

forhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworldrenowneduni­

versity,strengthenEnglishlanguageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.Hereisabriefoverviewof

ourprograms:

HighSchoolHonorsisasixweekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBAC

Universityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.Studentsmustbeen­

teringGrades1012infall2024.

AcademicImmersion(AIM)isathreeweeknoncreditresidentialprogramforstudentsto

focusintensivelyonasingleacademictopic.ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:Intro­

ductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetracks

bineclassroomworkwithhandsonexperientiallearningactivities.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade

11orGrade12infall2024.

SummerChallengeisatwoweekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstaketwonon­

creditseminarsoftheirchoiceandexperiencecollegelife.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade12infall

2024.

SummerPreviewisaoneweeknoncreditresidentialprograminwhichstudentsexploreone

subjectofinterestwhilepreviewingthecollegeexperience.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade9or

Grade10infall2024.

OurSummerTerm'sprogramsprovidestudentswithrigorousandcollaborativecollegelifeex­

periencesthatenablethemtogainastrongsenseoftheirpersonalandacademicpotential.Everyyear,

ourstudentsformstrongfriendshipsastheyundertakechallengingcourseworkandparticipatein

socialevents.

Ihaveenclosedaposterandaprogrambrochure.Ihopeyouwillsharethisinformationwith

yourstudents.Pleasefeelfreetocontactusviaemailatsummerhs@ifyouhaveanyquestions

aboutourprograms.

Warmly,

AmandaNelson

AssociateDirector

BAGUniversitySummerTerm

21.AGrade11studentinfall2024whoprefersonlineprogramscouldchoose.

A.HighSchoolHonorsB.AcademicImmersion

C.SummerChallengeD.SummerPreview

22.Accordingtothepassage,studentscan.

A.getatleast8transferablecreditsinHighSchoolHonors

B.gainbothknowledgeandpracticalexperienceinAIM

C.earncreditsfromthecoursesinSummerChallenge

D.engageinindepthresearchinSummerPreview

23.What'sAmandaNelson'spurposeinwritingtheletter?

A.Toevaluateasummercamp.B.Topromoteprecollegeprograms.

C.Toremenduniversitycourses.D.Tointroducecollegelearningprojects.

B

Inearly2018,1wastrainingfortheLondonMarathonthefirstandonlymarathonIwouldever

runinmylife.Ihadtreatedmyselftoanexpensivefitnesswatchthattrackedmytime,paceand

splits.

Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrunanexhausting21miles(34km)Ithrewmyselfdownonthe

floorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twentyonemilesbrieflyflashed

onthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageof

mecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtech­

nology.

Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.I

oncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatch

mypace,pareitwithotherpeople'sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreally

recognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoselfim­

provement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn'tit?Thepointwastobebetter.

Inthepastyear,theconceptof"beingbetter"hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealth

dropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.

Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeeling

somejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyand

whatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears*worthofdatathatwasonce

veryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.

WhathasbeeverycleartomesinceIquittrackingmyrunsisthatIgenuinelylovedoingthem.

Irunaroundmylocalparkwithasillylittlesmileonmyface.Iloveitsomuch.ButIdonotlove

runningquickly.Idonotlikeraces.Idonotwanttobepushedtobefaster.ThingsInoticeaboutiny

runsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwardsclearandfocused.Inotice

dogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.

Iambetter.OrsometimesIamworse.ButeitherwayTmslowlyploddingalong,andthat'sgood

enough.

24.Theauthorcriedafterthefinaltrainingrunbecauseshe.

A.hadtostopworkingoutB.becamephysicallywornout

C.lostthedataonthewatchD.feltasharppaininthelegs

25.Theauthorusedtoviewexercisetrackingas.

A.afunhobbyforenjoymentB.astrongneedforrecognition

C.amethodofescapingpunishmentD.awayofbeingabetterrunner

26.Whatdoes"beingbetter"meantotheauthornow?

A.Gettingpleasureoutofwinningraces.B.Beingmorefocusedonherlifegoal.

C.Freeingherselffromdemandingtasks.D.Improvingheroverallwellbeing.

27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?

A.Adjustmentbringshappiness.B.Passionisthekeytosuccess.

C.Sportscontributetohappiness.D.Successequalsselfimprovement.

C

AshighereducationleadersdivedeeperintotheconversationonDigitalTransformationand

Education4.0,theyarealsolearninghowtoincorporatetheDigitalTwinsrealmconceptintotheir

curricula,becauseDigitalTwintechnologycanservetheuniversityofthefuture.

ADigitalTwinisavirtualrepresentationofarealobjectorsystemwhichisupdatedfrom

realtimedataandusesmachinelearning,simulation（模拟）,andreasoningtohelpdecisionmak­

ing.Inotherwords,aDigitalTwincancreateahighlyplexvirtualmodelwhichistheexactreplica

ofaphysicalthing.Connectedsensorsonasmartcampuscancollectdatainrealtime.Thisdatais

usedtocreateamapontothevirtualmodel,thuscreatingaDigitalTwinofacampus.Whenschool

administratorslookattheDigitalTwin,theycanseecrucialinformationabouthowtherealcampus

isdoing.

TheapplicationsforDigitalTwintechnologydonotstopthere.Studentsandfacultycanbenefit

fromusingthetechnologyaswell.Forexample,hybridclassroomshavebeemoreandmoremon

nowadays.Digitaltechnologieshaveacceleratedthetransitionintotheuniversityofthefuture.Dig­

italTwintechnology,oneofthetrendingtechnologiesrelatedtoIndustry4.0,helpsfacultycreate

simulationmodelsbasedoncourserequirements.

DigitalTwintechnologymakestheultimateimmersivelearningexperiencepossible.Byusing

aDigitalTwin,studentscanlearnhighlyengagingtaskswhichcanbetoodangerous,plex,orexpen­

sivefortheclassroom.Ratherthanhandsonlaboratorydissectionofaphysicalfrogtolearnanimal

scienceorhavingtowaitforavailablehumanorgansinthehealthsciencelab,medicalstudentscan

usethevirtualtwinofananimalorhumanorgansfortheirstudy.

Theplexityofchemistryormicrobiologyrequiresstudentstobetotallyengaged.ByusingDig-

italTwinsinaVirtualRealitysimulatedlearningexperience,facultycanachieveamaximumlevel

ofengagementhelpingeachstudentlearnabstractconceptsintheirownuniquewayandmuchfaster.

Byrunningsimulations,studentscanbetterexploresystembehaviorunderdifferentconditions,un­

derstandfailureanddevelopanunderstandingofsystemsensibilitiesaswellashowchangesinthe

systemparameters（参数）andexternaldisruptionsmakeanimpactontheresults.

Someuniversities,suchasStanfordandCopenhagenSchoolofMarineEngineering,havein­

corporatedDigitalTwintechnologyintotheirteachingcurricula,applyingittodisciplineslikearchi­

tectureandengineeringastheybelievetheyaretherealityoftheindustry.Overall,thisenhances

studentmotivation,acceleratesunderstanding,andimprovestheoveralllearningexperience.Moreo­

ver,theindustryencouragesuniversitiestoincorporateeducationalDigitalTwinsinautomationto

givestudentstheinitialunderstandingoftoolsandskillstheywillneedintheirfuture.

28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatDigitalTwins.

A.remainaconceptB.arevirtualcopiesofrealobjects

C.representfutureeducationD.canoperatecampusesremotely

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Education4.0facilitatesthedevelopmentofDigitalTwins.

B.Newtechnologyposespotentialthreatstocollegeteachers.

C.DigitalTwintechnologyinhighereducationisonthehorizon.

D.VirtualclassroomshavegrowninpopularityunderIndustry4.0.

30.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

D

Theideathatweneedtoeatmeattogetenoughproteinandiron,afalseassumptionofsome

Paleodiet（原始饮食）advocates,isamonmisconception.Itignorestheabundanceofproteinand

ironinmanyplantbasedfoodssuchasnutsandseeds.Likewise,whilewetypicallyassociateomega3

fattyacidswithfish,fishthemselvesincorporatetheseintotheirtissuebyeatingseaweed,whichwe

canconsumedirectlywithouttheconcernsofexposuretomicroplasticsinfishflesh.

Indeed,awholefood,plantbaseddietcanprovideallessentialnutrientsexceptforvitaminB12,

madebybacteriainsoilandingestedbyanimals,therebyincorporatedintotheirtissue,milk,and

eggs.

Whilemodemsanitationallowshumanstoconsumecleanproduceunpollutedbydirt,wecan

easilyandcheaplyobtainoralB12supplements.

Evidently,significantlyreducingourconsumptionofmeatwouldcarryvastbenefits.Cardio­

vasculardiseaseremainstheleadingcauseofdeatharoundtheworld.Eatinghighlyprocessedfoods

andredmeathasbeenrepeatedlydemonstratedtopromoteunderlyingmechanismsofcancerand

cardiovasculardisease,suchasinflammation（炎症）anddamagetotheliningofbloodvessels

（血管）.

Mountingevidencepointstothebenefitsofawholefood,plantbaseddiet.Studiesfrom2017

foundthatavegetariandietisassociatedwitha25percentrelativeriskreductionforcoronaryheart

diseaseandan8percentrelativeriskreductionforcancer,withavegandietrelatedtoa15percent

relativeriskreductionforcancer.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasclassifiedprocessedmeatas

carcinogenic（致癌的）,and（unprocessed）redmeatasprobablycarcinogenictohumans.

Inadditiontoharmingourselves,eatingmeatharmsothers.Factoryfarmingpracticesoftenen­

tailunspeakablecrueltytoanimals,andworkingconditionsforhumanlaborersareoftenunsafeand

inhumaneaswell.Overcrowdingoflivestockandworkerspromotesthespreadofdiseaseamong

bothpeopleandanimals,puttingusalatriskforfuturepandemics.Theoveruseof"routine"antibi­

otics（抗生素）toaccelerateanimalgrowthandprecautiouslytreattheinfectionsanticipatedasa

resultoflivinginuncleanandovercrowdedconditionscanpromoteantibioticresistance.

Whilelargescale,wellcoordinatednationalandinternationalactionisundoubtedlyneededto

fightunscrupulousfactoryfarmingpracticesandtoensuretheavailabilityofnutritiousandhealthy

foodforallcitizens,thosewithgreaterinfluence,suchasphysicians,educatorsandpolicymakers,

shouldconsidertheimportanceofactingasrolemodelsforhealthybehaviorsthemselvesaswellas

advocatingforpoliciesthatensurebetternutritionalaccessandeducationforothers.

Alloftheseshouldnotbeexcusesforindividualstoresistimplementingchangeintheirown

livesandmunities.Societieschangewhenenoughindividualswithinthemaltertheirbehavior,and

itisuptoeachofustoactasachangeagentinwhatevercapacitywecan.Wewouldallbewell

servedtopullthisleverinourownlivesaswell.

31.Theauthorwritesthefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyto.

A.showtheconcernsofPaleodietadvocates

B.parethedifferencesbetweentwodiets

C.highlighttheimportanceofnutritionintake

D.pointoutamisunderstandinginnutritionsource

32.Whichofthefollowinglogicchainsisreasonableaccordingtothepassage?

A.""?吗r'2—►animaltissue—>cleanproduce—>►supplementsin

nS01humans

Bprocessedfoodinflammation-►b|oodIsseis一heartdiseases

avegetarian__reductionof_lowerriskofAavegandiet

C.diet~heartdiseasescancers

overcrowdedspreadof_overuseof_»antibiotic

D.conditionsdiseases―Aantibioticsresistance

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"unscrupulous"inParagraph6probablymean?

A.Illegal.B.Unfair.C.Immoral.D.Unnecessary.

34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AMeatlessDietIsBetterforYou

B.FoodProblemsCallforJointEfforts

C.SayNotoProcessedMeatConsumption

D.EatableGreensorNot?ThatIsaQuestion

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该

项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Wehumansareparisoncreatures.35Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelping

usfitintothesocialhierarchy（等级）oftheculturesweinhabited.Regardlessofthereasons,

socialparisonplaysasignificantroleinhowweviewandevaluateourselves,andhowweinteract

withourworld.

Itusedtobethatourprimaryreferenceofparisonwasourlocalmunities,primarilyneighbors

andcoworkers.Becausewetendtogatheraroundthosesimilartoourselvesintermsofeducational

level,workine,andsharedinterests,therangeofdifferenceswhenweparedourselvestootherswas

fairlysmall.Unfortunately,withtheemergenceoftheInternet,wecannowpareourselvestoliterally

anyoneintheworld.36Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourparisonshas

nowbeesolargeandunattainable.

37WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtobesosuccessful,

famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetopare,itisdifficultnottohaveitinfluence

howweviewourselves.Sadly,theseparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand"lessthan”.

Theseharmfulparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperience

avarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.Wefeeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveand

whatwelack.38

It'sonethingtorealizethatyoupareyourselftoothers.It'sanotherthingtorecognizethatsocial

parisonisoftencorrosive（逐步侵蚀的）toyouinsomanywayspsychologicallyandemotionally.

It'sanentirelyotherthingtostopyourselffromparingyourselftoothers.39

A.Weareconstantlymeasuringourselvesagainstotherpeople.

B.Yetitispossible,anditisworththeeffortforyourmentalhealth.

C.Thus,wearenowexposedtogroupsthatarequitedifferentfromus.

D.Webelievethatthereissomethingwrongwithusparedtoothers.

E.Wecanevenfeelbitternessandangeratothersfortheunfairnessofitall.

F.paringourselvestoothershasthepotentialtoincreaseourlifeexperience.

G.Thisnewlevelofparisonhashugeimplicationsforourpsychologicallives.

第三部分书面表达（共两节,32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域内作答。

Egocentrismistheinabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandanyperspectiveotherthanone'sown.To

thosewhoareegocentric,therearetwotypesofopinions: