专题 语法填空新题型指导及训练-高考英语三轮复习资料(原卷版)

【考纲解读】20XX年新春伊始，备受关注的英语高考变革终于尘埃落定，新课标卷中的单项选择题正式退出历史舞台，随之而生的是高考新题型——语篇型语法填空题。《20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲·课程标准实验版》对英语科中出现的这一新题型，就其设计与形式明确地给出了具体的说明：（语法填空题）共10小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（不多于3个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。本部分所需时间约为30分钟。【命题特点】语法填空题的测试依据是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等而形成的，其考查宗旨在于：考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力，其“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路，不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念，与《课程标准》所提出的英语课程的性质完全吻合。其命题规律主要体现在：1．从语法的句子结构与语法形式入手语篇中的句子结构和常见的语法形式是命题者关注的重点，如：（样题）Mum:No,hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished65(make)them,sohecouldn'thavedoneit.中finishdoing就是句子结构和语法转换的有效结合。2．从词汇的本义、转义和前后缀的变化入手每一篇语言材料都会给出适当的提示词，且给出的提示词多是词汇的本义，命题者就是要求考生根据所给词汇的本义，利用适当的语言环境进行词性的转换，前后缀的变化做题。如：（样题）Alan:Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.I'msurehewasinthekitchen4(early).中early的变化形式就是此类试题的命题经典。3．从语境语篇的线索以及标志性信息词入手语篇线索的关键体现即是根据上下文中一些标志性信息词的暗示来进行命题，如：（样题）Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2Iwenttoanswerthephone.中空缺部分的填入要根据上文的关键信息词I…leftthemonthetable…Iwenttoanswerthephone.和文章最后的关键信息词…whenthephonerang.分析判断。总之，语法填空题不应以学生常犯的语法错误作为干扰项。因为语法填空主要测试学生的语篇应用能力，而将语法中的“偏、难、怪”等设空干扰，这与文章理解没有直接关系，偏离了测试的方向。【题型分类】纵观语篇型语法填空题的命题特点与命题规律，我们不难分析：深挖掘相关的语篇型语法填空题，对精准把握命题思路与走向是有一定积极意义的。尤其注意《考试说明》中对语篇型语法填空设计形式的关键性诠释“在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白”，此“语言材料”无疑包涵对话体语言材料和短文体语言材料。下面仅就这两种语言材料形式的设题模式做一个诠释，以期抛砖引玉：【例1】对话体（20XX年新课标全国卷《考试说明》样题）Mum:(puttingonhercoat)I'mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan:Why?Mum:I'mnotsurewhat1(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2Iwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey're3(go).Alan:Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.I'msurehewasinthekitchen4(early).Mum:No,hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished5(make)them,sohecouldn'thavedoneit.6,hecouldn'tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennisstuff,soI'msure7wasn'thim.Alan:(openingthefridgedoor)Well,itwasn'tme.ButMum,look!Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfof8fridge?Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I9haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.Oh,dear.Ireallymustbelosingmy10.Now,whydidIputonmycoat?【例2】短文体Oneofmyfather'sfavorite1(say)asIwasgrowingupwas“Tryit!”Icouldn'tsayIdidn'tlikesomething,2itmightbe,untilafterItriedit.OvertheyearsI'vecometorealizehowmuchofmysuccessIowetomy3(accept)ofthosewordsasoneofmyvalues.MyfirstjobwasjustoneIdecidedtotryforacoupleofyearsuntilIdeterminedwhatIwantedtodoasacareer(职业).4(actual)IbelievedIwouldworkforafewyears,get5(marry),stayhomeandraiseafamily,soIdidn'tthinkthejobItookmatteredthatmuch.Icouldn't6moremistaken.Imasteredtheskillsofthat7(begin)levelpositionandIwasgiventheopportunity(机会)tomoveupthroughthecompanyinto8(differ)positions.Iacceptedeachnew是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。在对题目进行作答之前，要先对题干进行详细阅读，检查题目中是否有提示词语存在，而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分，例如，主语、谓语等，最后根据其所充当的句子成分，加之其所处句子的语态等，选择词语的正确形式。例如，动词的现在分词或者过去分词，或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。

在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时，则要根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性，例如，连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词分成形容词性以及名词性代词、指示或者不定代词等。在运用介词的时候，往往考查固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。语法填空题的科学解题步骤可参照以下几条进行：1．浏览全文，把握语篇。至于具体空格上填写什么词，只有在了解全文大意后，从语篇着手，并联系上下文，可根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组及配和句型搭配，及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解，行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行填充。2．边读边填，先易后难。语法填空在设题方面分为提示词填空和不提示词填空，也称自由填空类和提示性填空类：自由填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。在平时训练及复习这些语法要点的时候，考生可采取自由填空的练习方式进行训练；提示性填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词等。3．验证复查，清除难点。根据语篇进行填空后，必须逐一进行复核检查，消除隐患，排除难点，以达到完全无障碍阅读之目的，顺利流畅地表达出文章的主题大意。语法填空的检测目的也就顺利达到了。语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目语法的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下应用能力，在考试中就能提高对语法填空的的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。【考点剖析】Passage1Alice:Mr.Black,ThisisAlicespeaking.I'mcallingtoaskyouBlack:Well,ofcourse.2canyoutellmewhattheproblemis,Alice？Alice:OK,Mr.Black.Mysonisgoingtotakepartinasinging3(compete)tobeheldinWashingtontomorrow.He'sgotsomanythingstotakethathecan'tgothere4.Black:Soyouwanttotake5thereinyourminibus？Alice:Yes.AndassoonasIputhimupinthehotel,I6(drive)back.Black:Well,thatwouldbe7tootiringjourney.It'snearly300kilometersawayanditwilltakeyouatleastsixhours8(travel)toandfromWashington.Whydon'tyoustaythereuntilyouhaveseenyoursonperform？Alice:ButIhavetwo9tomorrowmorning.Black:Don'tworry.I'lltellMarytotakeyourclasses10.She'salwayswillingtohelp.Alice:That’llbenice.ThankyouandgivemythankstoMary.Black:You'rewelcome.Passage2Iwaswalkingwithafriendyesterday1IfoundaniPhone5sinapileofsnow.Ipicked2upanditstillworked!IstartedlookingthroughthenamelistandcallingnumberstoseewhetherIcouldfigureoutwhosephoneitwas.3,onlyonepersonansweredandshedidn’trecognizethenumberthatIwascallingfrom.Sincethatladydidn’tknowwhosephoneitwas,myfriendsuggestedthatwegobackto4streetandthehousethatwefoundtheiPhone5sinfrontof.Iknockedonthedoorandtwocollege-agepeopleanswered.They5(lose)theirphones,butasItoldthemthestoryandmentionedsome6onthenamelist,theyoungmansaidthathealsohadthosenamesandit7bethephoneofoneoftheirfriends.Ireallydidn’thaveanythingtosay,becauseinmymindIwasjustdoingtherightthing.I8(immediate)triedtofindtheowner,becausethatisexactly9IwouldwantsomeonetodoifeitherIoranyofmyfamilymemberslostphones.Thepurposeofhelpingothersisnotforreturn.10(help)othersismorethanenoughformeanditisthemostendlessjoyoflife.【高考再现】广东省2014语法填空(共10小题；每小题l5分．满分l5分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号mother’shands,—missedhergoodnightkissonmyforehead.NowthosehandsIoncethoughttobesoroughwerestilldoingthingsformeandmyfamily.Ifrequentlyrecalledthenightmyyoungvoicecomplained.Onenight,catchingMom’shandinhand,IblurtedouthowsorryIwasforthatnight.Ithoughtshe’dremember___22_____Idid.ButMomdidn’tknowwhatI__23__(talk)about.Shehadforgotten—andforgiven—longago.Thatnight,Ifellasleepwithanew___24___(appreciate)formygentlemotherand___25__caringhands.AndtheguiltthatIhadcarriedaroundforsolongwasnowheretobefound.【基础练习】Passage1HotelClerk:Hi,canIhelpyou?Man:Yes,I’dlikearoom1thenight,please.Thesignoutsidesaysyouhavevacancies(空房).HotelClerk:Yes,2onlyacouple.Iguessnobodywantstodriveinsuch3(storm)weather.Man:Isurelydon’t.Howmucharetherooms?HotelClerk:Theyare$50a4.Man:That’sfine.HotelClerk:IcangiveyouRoom14.Itisrightbesidethecoffeeshop.Ijustneed5tosigntheregister.Man:Thereyougo.Iam6(awful)hungry.Isthecoffeeshopstillopen?HotelClerk:Yes,itis7untilnineo’clock.Ifyouwantanythingafterthat,thereareacoupleofmachines8(sell)softdrinks,chocolatebars——thingslikethat.Man:Thankyou.Bytheway,isthereatelevisioninthe9?HotelClerk:Yes,we’vegotcable(光缆)TV.Man:Oh,that’sgreat.HotelClerk:Well,hereisyourkey.10youneedanythingelse,moretowelsoranything,pleasecallme,fortheofficeisopenuntilmidnight.Man:OK.Thanksagain.Passage2Officer:Nowcouldyoutellmeyour1,please?Jenny:Yes,officer,it’sJenny.Officer:AndcouldIhaveyouraddresstoo,please?Jenny:Yes,2.It’sFourthAvenue.Officer:So,couldyoutellme3(exact)whatyousawabouttheincident?Jenny:Yes,well,Iwasjustcomingoutofthesupermarketexit,whenallofasuddenIheardthiscry,andwhenIturnedaroundtosee4itwas,Isawthismansortoftugging(拽拉)atthiswoman’shandbag,andshe5(hit)himwithherfreehand.Thenhepushedherand6felltotheground.Hethenranoffdownthestreetandroundthecomer.Officer:Isee.Andcouldyoudescribethemanforme?Jenny:Well,letmesee.Hewasmediumheight,aboutthirty.Itallhappenedsoquickly7it’shardtoremember.Officer:Dopleasetry,itcouldbeveryimportantin8(help)ustocatchhim.Jenny:Ohyes.Idoremembersomethingelse.Hewaswearingayellowjacket,youknow,andjeans,bluejeans.Officer:9younoticethecolorofhishairbyanychance?Jenny:Oh,darkhair,Ishouldsay.Yes,darkbrown.Andthat’s10Icanremember,I’mafraid,anditwasverywavy.Officer:Thankyouverymuch,Jenny.You’vebeenveryhelpful.Passage3Manager:I’dliketomake1aboutyoureducationalbackground,MissShelly.YourmajorwasEnglish,wasn’tit?Shelly:Right.IgraduatedfromNewYorkUniversityManager:Fine.Andcouldyoupleasetellme2youhavegotanyworkingexperience?Shelly:Well,I3(work)forSingaporeAirlinesatthemoment,intheirSanFranciscooffice.Manager:And4areyouexactlytherenow?Shelly:Iworkinthedepartmentofsalespromotion.Manager:Isee.Andhowlonghaveyoubeenworkingthere?Shelly:Fortwoandahalfyears.Manager:Wouldyoumind5(tell)meyourpresentsalary?Shelly:I’mmakingtwenty-twohundredandeightyamonthatpresent.AndIknowyourstarting__6ofthispositionisabout$2,600amonth.Customer:What’s2specialtoday?Waiter:Legoflamb.AndI3(high)recommendit.Customer:Well…Letmesee…Okay,IthinkI’llhavethespecial.Waiter:Allright.Now,asanappetizer(开胃菜),youhaveachoiceoffruitsaladortomatojuice.Customer:Hmm.IthinkI’dlikethefruitsalad.Waiter:Allright.Andthe4we’reofferingtodayaresplitpeaorFrenchonion.Customer:SplitpeaorFrenchonion?That’sadifficultchoice.IguessI’dratherhavethesplitpeasoup.Waiter:Withyourlegoflamb,5canhaveyourchoiceofoursidedish.Todaywe’refeaturingbrownrice,bakedpotatoandbeansincreamsauce.Customer:That’squitea6(select)!Letmehavebrownrice.Waiter:Okay.Ithinkthat’sit.Oh!Ialmostforgot.7wouldyouliketodrinkwithyourmeal?Customer:I’llhaveaglassofred8.Waiter:Allright.I’llputthis9inrightaway,andI10(be)backinamomentwithsomerollsandbutter.Customer:Thankyou.Passage5DianaJacobsthoughtherfamilyhad1workable(可使用的)antopayforcollegeforher21-year-oldtwinsons:acombinationofsavings,income,scholarships,andamodestamountofborrowing.Thenherhusbandlosthisjob,2theplanfellapart.“Ihavetwokidsincollege,andIwanttosay‘comehome,’butatthesametimeIwanttoprovidethem3aTheJacobsfamilydidworkouta4:Theyaskedandreceivedmoreaidfromtheschools,andeachson5(increase)hisborrowingtothemaximum(极点)amountthroughthefederalloan(贷款)program.Theywilleachgraduatewith$20,000ofdebt,butatleast6willbeabletofinishschool.Withunemployment7,financialaidadministratorsexpecttohearmorefamiliesliketheJacobs.Morestudentsareapplyingforaid,andmorefamiliesexpecttoneedstudentloans.Collegeadministratorsare8(concern)thattheywillnothaveenoughaidmoneytogoaround.Financialaidadministrators9(have)ahardtimeasmanycompaniesdecidethatstudentloansarenotprofitableenoughandhavestoppedmakingthem.Thegoodnews,10,isthatfederalloansaccountforaboutthreequartersofstudentborrowing,andthegovernmentsaysthatmoneywillflowuninterrupted.Passage6Venice,1smallwaterside(水边的)cityinnortheastItaly,boilswithhappinessandexcitementonceeveryyear.BetweenFebruary21andMarch4,carnivalhitsthestreets.Formostpeoplecarnival（狂欢）meanslargepartiesandfeasting.ButinVenice,italsomeans2(tradition)masksandcostumes.Thesecostumeswere3(original)meanttohidepersonalidentities.Then,differentsocialclassescouldmixinaseaofhappiness.Today,peopleinVenicestilldressupinthestrangestways4armedsoldiers,butchersandfishermen,forexample.Barsandcafesarefilledwithparty-goers5cometoshowofftheirstrangecostumes.Theirdesignsandcreations6(make)byspecialstudios.Ready-madecostumesarenotacceptable.“Inthemonths7thecarnivalweworkovertimetomeetthedemand,”saidamask-maker.“Manykilometersofsilkandlacearemade8costumes.Forshopkeepers,carnivalisthebesttimeoftheyear.”TheVenicecarnivaldatesbacktotheMiddleAges.Atthattime,thecitywas9ofthewealthiestinEurope.NowtheVenicecarnivalattractshugecrowdsfromallovertheworld.Thecitycertainlybenefits—awholeindustry10(build)uparoundthecarnival’smasksandcostumes.“TheVeniceCarnivalisamagicaltime!It’ssuchgreatexperience,”saidoneFrenchtourist.Passage7“Comein,Kim.Haveaseat,please,”saidBillWilliams,themanager.ThiswasKim’sfirstexperiencewithan1.Afteronlysixmonthshewasdueforaraise2thisassessmentwassatisfactory.“Kim,”beganBillWilliams,“Iamverypleasedwiththequalityofyourwork.Myonlyconcernisthatyouarenotactiveenoughin3(put)forwardyoursuggestions.”“But,”repliedKim,“Ihavealwayscompletedeveryassignment4gaveme,Mr.Williams.”“Iknowthat,Kim.Andplease,callmeBill.ButwhatIexpectisforyoutothink5(independence)andintroducenewideas.Itismoreinputfromyou6Ineed–morefeedback(反馈)onhowthingsaregoing.Idon’tneeda‘yesman’.Youjustsmileasthougheverythingisfine.I’mnotaskingyoutotellme7todo,butwhatyouthinkwecando.Tomakesuggestions,Iemployedyou8Irespectyourexperienceinthisfield.”“Yes,Isee.I’mnotaccustomedtothis,butI9(try)todoasyousay…Bill.”“Good,then,Iexpecttohear10fromyouatstaffmeetingsoratanyothertimeyouwanttodiscussanideawithme.”“Yes,ofcourse.Thankyou,Mr.Will…Bill.”Passage8Manykindsofmusiccanstir(搅拌)the1(imagine)andproducestrongfeeling.Forsomepeople,成熟的)baby5(name)Krissy,whoweighedjust1.5poundsatbirth,wasontotallifesupport.Doctorsthoughtshehadlittlechanceofsurvival.HermotherinsistedonplayingMozartforKrissy,andthought6savedherdaughter’slife.Krissylived,7shewasverysmallforherageandslowerthantheaveragechild.Attheageoffour,sheshowedan8inmusicandherparentsgaveherviolinlessons.Totheirastonishment,Krissywasabletoplaymusicalpiecesfrommemorythat9farbeyondtheabilityofanaveragefour-year-old.10(play)musichelpedherimproveinallareasofherlife.【名校模拟】【2014宁夏银川一中第二次模拟】Lynn:Ireallywanttofindagoodjob.Doyouhaveanyadvice?Kate:Oh,lotsofadvice!_____61______,besuretodressproperlyfortheinterview.Ifit’sforateachingjob,asIdid20yearsago,thenyoumightwanttoconsider_____62_____(wear)nicepantsandadressshirt.______63______,youwon’tliketowearclothesthataretooformalandelegantfortheinterviewnowadays.Lynn：Isee.Anything______64____wouldyousuggestIshouldpayattentionto?Kate:Well,second,besuretodosomeresearchonthecompanyfor______65____youarebeinginterviewed.Thiswillhelpyouknowifyouhavetheneededskillsorexperiencetoworkforthatcompany.Youcanalsoaskthe________66____(interview),usuallytheirpersonnelmanager,aboutthreeintelligentquestionsabouttheirbusiness.Thatwillshowyouareinterestedintheircompany.Lynn:That’sgoodadvice!Anylastthoughts?Kate:Yes,finally,bepreparedtotellthemwhyyouwouldbethe______67______(good)choicefortheposition.Youdon’thavetotalktoomuchaboutwhatyou_____68______(study)for4yearsinuniversity,butyoucantellthem___69____aconfidentanddirectwaywhyyoucanhelptheircompany.Followingtheabovetips,youwillfindasatisfyingjobsoonerorlater.Lynn:Thankyouverymuch.Ihavegottobuysomenewclothesandthenfinishmy______70________(apply).【20XX届甘肃张掖市第三次诊断】UnprecedentedAviationMysteryABoeing777tookofffromMalaysia’slargestcityofKualaLumpurat0:41amonMarch8.【小题1】_____destinationwasBeijing.Buttheflightneverarrived,【小题2】______（leave）friendsandrelativesofthepassengersonboardweepingandworrying.Therewere239people【小题3】____boardtheMalaysiaAirlinesflight，includingChina，Vietnam，theUS，Singapore，andthePhilippines【小题4】_______still______（search）forthemissingplane.Its【小题5】__________（disappear）isan"unprecedented（史无前例的）aviationmystery”，AzharuddinAbdulRahmanm，headofMalaysia’sCivilAviationAuthority，saidonMarch10.Therewasnosignof【小题6】____crash.Abouttwohoursofaftertakingoff，airtrafficcontrolsuddenlylostcontactwiththeplane.Theweatherwasclear，thepilotsdidn'tmakeanydistresscalls，【小题7】nodebris碎片）wasfoundinthearea【小题8】______theflightlastmadecontact.Besides，airplanecrashes【小题9】________（typical）occurduringtakeofforlanding.Only9percentoffatalaccidentshappen【小题10】______aplaneisatcruising（平稳行进的）altitude，accordingtoareportbyBoeinginAugust.【2014东北三校第二次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。OnThursdayMrs.Clarkelockedthedoorandwenttothewomen’sclubasusual.Whenshecamehomeshesensed__61__unusual.Hadsomeonegotin?Thebackdoorandthewindowswerealllockedandtherewas__62__signofforcedentry.Hadanythingbeentaken?Shewentfromroomtoroomcheckingand__63__(find)hersparecameramissing.ThefollowingThursdayshewentoutatherusualtime,butshejusttookashortwalkinaparknearby,camehomethroughthebackdoorandsettleddowntowaitandseewhat__64__(happen).Itwas4o’clock__65__thefrontdoorbellrang.Mrs.Clarkewasmakingteaatthetime.Thebellrangagain,andthensheheardherletter-box__66__(push)open.Pickingupthekettleofboilingwater,shemovedquietlytowardsthedoor.Apieceof__67__appearedthroughtheletter-box,andthenahand.__68__wireturnedandcaughtaroundtheknob（圆钮）onthedoor-lock.Mrs.Clarkeraisedthekettleandpouredthewater__69__thehand.Asharpcrywasheardoutsideasthewirefelltothefloorandthehandwas__70__(instant)pulledback,whichwasfollowedbythesoundofrunningfeet.【2014吉林省九校联合体第二次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenIwasalittlegirl,everytimemydadwasrepairingsomething,he61askmetoholdthehammer,andmeanwhile,haveaconversationwithme.Ineversawmydaddrinkingortakinganightout.Allhedidafterworkwastakingcareofhisfamily.Igrewupandlefthomeforcollegeand62then,mydadhadbeencallingmeeverySundaymorning,(miss)occasionstohaveatalkwithmydad.68thetimeIgottohospital,myfatherhadpassedaway.Nowitwas69whodidnothavetimeforaconversationwithme.Irealized70littleIknowaboutmydad,hisdeepestthoughtsanddreams.AfterhisdeathIlearnedmoreabouthim,andevenmoreaboutmyself.【2014河北省衡水中学二调】Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys?Theanswerdependslargely61culturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptians,greenwasacolor62representedthehopeandjoyofspring,whileforMuslims,itmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.DuringtheSpringFestivalinChina,children63(give)moneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynations,blueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotect64againstevils（灾祸）.People’s65(choose)ofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbythei