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语法理论、习得研究和历时研究方法的完美统一——语法竞争模型及其修正(>o??>??u?C??,>o??,200240)????:?m??????????????,Kroch?Q???4?u??q??m???8?????6?????????v>W?r?????????8????,????>??????????/??,???h??Z?>???????>??y??@,???????v>W?S??????????Z???????,????>?Z??8????>W????????UO??????@,?v????>????u????????Z?????????@(???????8??????@(?????8>&??>??4>????????8?R?.?QZ?????????????,>R???y??????>?????UO??Z???,?mP&P?)???D??Z????4>??7?????????8???3??,>R???y???7Z?>??????)??????>??4,>????m????????>c?????y?????6???2????>?Z?????q*@,>o???????[?m?p?????y??????Z?>P??@,Z??z??:?????????/??,??????>?,?????????8,q???[>W???)????]H04[???z?:???(]A[?????8??]167489212010(07)004107???????8?6??????>???,??>?>o???@?=>?>8????????>&?????????????T@,??????>?>???????????Z?>????u???????8??>??v?C???l,q??????S?)??(AgglutinationTheory)!@(???????l(GrowthPrinciple)!???????8!?Q@,?6?????????????@?????2?????6?8@(?????8@(?????6??@(?P?K????>??T@(Z;??????>???>????????6???R?.?Q(Harris&Campbell1995:1447)@,>??=>8????>o?Y??,?j>?????>f>Q?SUy????Z?????Z????)??????>f???@q*,???????????6???l?:??Z??V,???????????6??>???Z?q>?J@,??20>8??60??>?????,???SLabov?6?????????8??>????9?]??????>8,???????8?6????Z?>?>?>5?W????>?@,???m>??v??>R>?Weinreich,Labov??Herzog(1968)>???????,????????????Z?>??????????.??@,?j?????6???6???????h??,?T?]?????????T>&???t????,>R???????????6??????>??W?????b?@@,Z?q??h??,?m???l>&????(P&P)?)???D??>c,q?>R>??????????v?????????*???l???5???T???8,???8?????k??Z???????,>????j???s????>????9?C???y?????????8@,?h?????????8????>???Z??????????????8,???????8?r??????????>??4??????????Z?????,>??h?7?????????8@,?j??,??>????????8>-????>5???????8,?H>???>?????>?>5???k@(???????4??????????????@,?m????????????>????6??????>W,Kroch??Pintzuk?Q???4?SUy??????q?>f>Q????(variationistapproach)??Z???????!?@,??????????P&P?)??q?q??4??>????7??,>o??>??u?C???8???????????????6???T,?6?????H>R????????????????????????@,?N?U????@j>R???S(??q??m???????8???????8?8???????????C???8),qD?h?????????8?8????(Elanguage)>???Z??8????(Ilanguage)???8?8???????K???6??,?m?6?????c>Wq??m?0?????8???????C????????????,>??????8?8?????????8????,>??hZ??BZ??????6????????@,?????????m>?Z??SUy??????????>??y???h????@,Z?q??h??,?m?????????8?T??,??????>w???????/??Z?>???????(variation)Z????????(,????>R>w?????????????r??,??>w???r???0>???>????(,??Kroch??>x>R??????>?!(GrammarCompetition)(1994)@,>??????)???@Z???>??)????????>???????,?m?????6???6?????????H>??i,>R???????????6??>-????>5???????????6??U?Z?>????????y?z(>c??>W?H>??j?m??????>??y??>?????????,>?Z??BZ?>f???)??????)@,qD?h???m???[?D????Z????????6??????qO,??????>??y???h?J>????m?S>?>?????@,q???,????UO??Z???>?U????m???+?8?.??,???r?mP&P?)???D??Z????4???????8???3??,?)??????>W?R?j??>??4????,?R>q?m?????)???D??>c???v?????6????Z?????q*?Q?Q@,????,??????>??y??>??r????>&??q???,?m???u??????>?q???,>??hq????y??????????@,??>????*??Z??8?u???rZ?????????????????,??>x??Z????M?@???*>R???u???6???4q??m???y??>?>?>????????8???????6??,???H>???Z/?????y????>?>???,?.?&?n???mP&P???)???D??>c,>??????6??????Z???,Z???q*?????y????>?q???,>??Tq?>x?????@?)?)????????????>????????r?R?@??>????K,>R???????8?6????q??r>?UO?????2q???@,#41#?v7?T2010??7?K??>??8???6??No.7July2010:07:1.??????>??y????Kroch(1989)>???,??????>??y?????m>??u???????6??,>?????>?>????9?]??@,?H>??n???mKroch(1989,1994,2001)@(Pintzuk(1999,2003)?Q???6?????S>x>o????????Z?>f??Z???,?h???????????6???????????T?]???????????:Z?Z?>P??>x?0@,1.1??????>??y????>f??Z?????????>??y???????????S?k?????????/??(theConstantRateEffect,CRE)@,Kroch?Q?u???????6??????,?m???????8?T??,>??vqu?h??Z???>w>5???????????r??@,q???,?h>????T?????????v>Wqu?h??Z???OV??VO??>w????????????@,?m????>w???????r????q??m???????M?2????,Kroch?Q(1989)????,???????r????q??m?????m>P?h??????>W????>P?V???h,qD??>??m??>5????>W?????8???????k???h??@,?V????>????????????U>??t???r??,>??h?B?R>?????????q?q??m??,qD???S??????????,???m?S?r????>W??q??m?????k???h??@,??????????Kroch??>x>R?????????/??!(1989)@,>c???H>??????????)??@,>????l>o??,???8??>?>?>c??>w?????[>W??>?q?>??????[???T@,?v>?????Z?>c,?????4??>??m?S?r??????>W?h??????q??m?????[,Z??n??????????>????h,>????????h@,???k?h?????T??@,?v>?????Z?>c,?????4?????r?y??q??m?????[@,>?>???Z/?m???r?b??????>Wq??m,?]???????@>P?5?r?b??????>W@,?h?J,Z??n???????????????h,>?????>P?h@,???kq??y???T??@,???8,>??????8???T,Z??m???l>o????>?>w??>P?h?????[???M????:??>/?m>P?h??????>W>?>P?h??????????,??>/?m??>5????>W>????h??????????(Pintzuk2003:513)@,Bailey(1973)?(q??y???T??,?h????>R?0>5????>W?????8?????k>P?h??,Z??y??????1?S?R(Pintzuk2003:513):??1??1>W???5?????R????,???????R?????[q??m???????f???????[(????>c??),>r??????>???>r??>P?h??????(???k?????@???&????,?????:???r>r>5????,??>??h?J????)@,?hK?(?h?????T??,??>R??>5????>W?????8?????k???h??,Z????????y???????S?R(z35),??>W???5???????????L>Q?h??@,??2??2?????@????>??????????/??,?S?1??????!?k?:>o??>r??????>x?????MZ?????????@,?????H>??r??????>?????>????&,??Z;>f???????@??Z??????????:?R????@,??Z/,????????@,????Z??????[??q??m????(Z?q???????>c:?m??>5???v>W,????Z?>w>5?0>???>????(>W?????[?m??>5????>W??Z????y??,Z??)?????[????????>??f????;??>x,>???>???Z??????[??q??m????,??>P??Z??/??Z?>c?*????@,),?.?&??????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