浙江省宁波市慈溪市2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题

2023学年第二学期高一期末测试英语注意事项：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Finishherreport.B.Buysomegroceries.C.Pickuphermother.2.HowmuchmoredoesBrianwant?A.$10.B.$20.C.$30.3.Wherewillthemanprobablygoforholiday?A.TheNationalPark.B.Themountain.C.Theseaside.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Studyinthelibrary.B.Getalibrarycard.C.Borrowbooks.5.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Waitingfortherepairman.B.Doingnothingforashortwhile.C.Pressingtheemergencybuttonatonce.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toaskforadvice.B.Toconfirmthetesttime.C.Tosharestudymethods.7.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Waysofdoingtheshooting.B.Waysofdoingmathshomework.C.Waysofrememberingtimestables.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthemangoingtodotoday?A.Writeareport.B.Takeatest.C.Makeapresentation.9.Howdoesthemanfeelnow?A.Worried.B.Confident.C.Tired.10.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Setoffearlier.B.Workharder.C.Checkthetraffic.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whenshouldthewomanarriveatthepany?A.At8:00am.B.At8:15am.C.At8:30am.12.Whydidthewomangetupsolatethismorning?A.Shewastoosleepy.B.Theweatherwastoocold.C.Thealarmdidn’tgooffproperly.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Formerschoolmates.C.Colleagues.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Wheredidthewomangetherfirstjobaftercollege?A.Inafilmstudio.B.Inatalentagency.C.Inapublishingfirm.15.Whydidthewoman’smotherputherinactingclasses?A.Todevelophertalent.B.Toletherknowmorepeople.C.Tohelpheroverehershyness.16.Whatsportdoesthewomanlikebest?A.Swimming.B.Skiing.C.Skating.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowdidthespeakergettoSpain?A.Bytrain.B.Byplane.C.Byship.18.WhatdidthespeakerdoonthefirstnightinSpain?A.Sherestedatthehotel.B.Shevisitedsomefriends.C.Sheexperienceditsnightlife.19.WhichplacedidthespeakervisitlastinSpain?A.PradoMuseum.B.SantiagoStadium.C.RetiroPark.20.WhatdidthespeakerthinkofhertripinMorocco?A.Great.B.Terrible.C.Boring.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEurope’sMostBeautifulLibrariesLibrariesholdaspecialcharm.Here’sabriefintroductionofsomeofthemostamazinglibrariesacrossEurope.RoyalLibraryinCopenhagen,DenmarkBuiltin1999,itisanextensionoftheoldlibrary,whoseterrace(露台)canacmodatelargecrowdsforeventssuchasconcertsandplays.Apartfromthemainfunctionsofalibrary,thebuildinghousesabookshop,acafeandarestaurant.WarsawUniversityLibraryinPolandLocatedinthecitycenter,itwasfoundedin1816,althoughthenewbuildingwaspletedin1999.Itsentrancecontainsblockswithwritingsinvariouslanguages,includingawritingofPlato’sinAncientGreekandalsooneinAncientPolish.WirtschaftsuniversitätBibliothekinVienna,AustriaPartsofthesitewereoriginallybuiltin1898,butthelibrarywasrepairedfollowingafirein2005.Theinnovativedecorationgivestheimpressionthattheycamefromanotherplanet.ItalsoboaststhetitleofthebiggestlibraryinGermanspeakingcountries.BibliotecaNazionaleMarcianainVenice,ItalyItislocatedoffSanMarcoSquareandwaspletedinthelate1500s.DesignedbyJacopoSansovino,ithasanelegantandsomewhatunusualstylefortheperiodinwhichitwasbuilt.Theinteriorbeautycanreallyholdyourbreath.1.WhatcanvisitorsdointheRoyalLibrary?A.Seemovies. B.Sellbooks. C.Makecoffee. D.Enjoyconcerts.2.Whichlibraryhasthelongesthistory?A.RoyalLibrary. B.WarsawUniversityLibrary.C.WirtschaftsuniversitätBibliothek. D.BibliotecaNazionaleMarciana.3.Whatdothefirstthreelibrarieshaveinmon?A.Theyallhavemanyfunctions.B.Theyarenottheoriginalarchitectures.C.Theyarefamousfortheiruniquedecoration.D.Theyhousemanyancientworksinvariouslanguages.【答案】1.D2.D3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章要介绍了欧洲一些最美丽的图书馆，包括它们的位置、历史、设计和特色等。每个图书馆的描述都提供了具体的细节，如建造年份、建筑特色、内部设施等，旨在向读者介绍这些图书馆的独特之处。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章RoyalLibraryinCopenhagen,Denmark部分中的“Builtin1999,itisanextensionoftheoldlibrary,whoseterrace(露台)canacmodatelargecrowdsforeventssuchasconcertsandplays.(它建于1999年，是旧图书馆的延伸，其露台可以容纳大量人群举办音乐会和戏剧等活动)”可知，这个图书馆除了图书馆的基本功能外，其露台还可以容纳大量人群进行音乐会等活动。因此，游客可以在皇家图书馆欣赏音乐会。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章RoyalLibraryinCopenhagen,Denmark部分中的“Builtin1999,itisanextensionoftheoldlibrary,whoseterrace(露台)canacmodatelargecrowdsforeventssuchasconcertsandplays.(它建于1999年，是旧图书馆的延伸，其露台可以容纳大量人群举办音乐会和戏剧等活动)”、WarsawUniversityLibraryinPoland部分中的“Locatedinthecitycenter,itwasfoundedin1816,althoughthenewbuildingwaspletedin1999.(它位于市中心，始建于1816年，尽管新建筑于1999年完工。)”、WirtschaftsuniversitätBibliothekinVienna,Austria部分中的“Partsofthesitewereoriginallybuiltin1898,butthelibrarywasrepairedfollowingafirein2005.(图书馆的部分建筑最初建于1898年，但在2005年的一场火灾后，图书馆得到了修复)”以及BibliotecaNazionaleMarcianainVenice,Italy部分中的“ItislocatedoffSanMarcoSquareandwaspletedinthelate1500s.(它位于圣马可广场附近，于16世纪后期完工)”可知，WarsawUniversityLibrary是在1816年成立的，RoyalLibrary是1999年建造的，WirtschaftsuniversitätBibliothek的部分建筑是在1898年建造的，但经过2005年的火灾后进行了修复，而BibliotecaNazionaleMarciana是在16世纪末完成的。因此，BibliotecaNazionaleMarciana是这些图书馆中历史最悠久的。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章RoyalLibraryinCopenhagen,Denmark部分中的“Builtin1999,itisanextensionoftheoldlibrary,whoseterrace(露台)canacmodatelargecrowdsforeventssuchasconcertsandplays.(它建于1999年，是旧图书馆的延伸，其露台可以容纳大量人群举办音乐会和戏剧等活动)”、WarsawUniversityLibraryinPoland部分中的“Locatedinthecitycenter,itwasfoundedin1816,althoughthenewbuildingwaspletedin1999.(它位于市中心，始建于1816年，尽管新建筑于1999年完工)”、WirtschaftsuniversitätBibliothekinVienna,Austria部分中的“Partsofthesitewereoriginallybuiltin1898,butthelibrarywasrepairedfollowingafirein2005.(图书馆的部分建筑最初建于1898年，但在2005年的一场火灾后，图书馆得到了修复)”可知，RoyalLibrary是1999年建造的，是旧图书馆的扩建；WarsawUniversityLibrary的新建筑是在1999年完成的；WirtschaftsuniversitätBibliothek的部分建筑是在1898年建造的，但经过2005年的火灾后进行了修复。因此，这三个图书馆的共同点是它们都不是原始的建筑。故选B。BWhen89yearoldLiJinrongheardsomeonecallingher“mom”ataneventinWuhan,HubeiProvince,sheimmediatelyrosefromherseat.Aforeignwomanrantowardherbeforehugginghertightlyandsaying,“Mom,mom.”Thewoman,BouammouchKheira,isfromAlgeria.Sheunderwentatotalnasalreconstructionoperation(全鼻再造手术)—thefirstofitskindinAfrica—thatwasdonebyLiandothermembersofaChinesemedicalteam40yearsago.In1984,Lijoinedthe11thChinesemedicalaidmissiontoAlgeria.ShehelpedahospitalintheNorthAfricancountrycarryoutoral(口腔的)andfacialoperations.In1985,12yearoldKheiravisitedthehospitaltoseektreatmentforastomachinfection.DoctorLihappenedtonoticeKheira’sbadlydisfigured(容貌受损的)nose,thetipofwhichwasbittenoffbyadonkeywhenshewasjust2yearsold.“Hadshenotbeendisfigured,shewouldhavegrownuptobeagreatbeauty,”Lisaid.ThenshedevisedadetailedtreatmentplananddecidedtotransplanttheskinfromoneofKheira’supperarmstoreconstructhernose,becauseitmatchedherfacialskintoneandwouldnotleavenoticeablescars.Thoughscaredatfirst,Li’ssincereattitudeandcaringwordsremindedherofhermotherandgaveherhope.ThereconstructionofKheira’snoserequiredfouroperationsoveraperiodoftwomonths.Afteritsperfectpletion,Kheiraranfromward(病房)toward,tellingeveryonethatshenowhadanose,agiftfromher“Chinesemother”.Kheiratravelled10,000kilometersfromAlgeriatoWuhan.“ThisismyfirstvisittoChina,butIdon’tfeelthejourneywashardatall,becauseIamsoexcitedtomeetProfessorLi,myChinesemother,”Kheiraadded,“WithoutmyChinesemother,mylifewouldbedarkerthandeath,”4.WhydidKheiragotothehospitalin1985?A.ShewenttovisitdoctorLibydesign. B.Hernosetipwasbittenoffbyadonkey.C.Shelongedtolearnaboutfacialoperations. D.Therewassomethingwrongwithherstomach.5.WhatdoweknowabouttheoperationperformedonKheira?A.ItleftnoscarsonKheira’body. B.ItmadeKheira’slifemorepositive.C.Itwasthefirstofthiskindintheworld. D.Itwasfinishedtotallyinonesignificantoperation.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeProfessorLi?A.Caringandconsiderate. B.Honestandenergetic.C.Humbleandpassionate. D.Selflessandambitious.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MotherofanAfricanGirl. B.AHeartwarmingReunion.C.TheStrikingNasalOperation. D.ContributionsofChineseMedicalTeams.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了中国医疗援助团队1985年在阿尔及利亚为一位患者进行全鼻再造手术，近40年后当时的患者Kheira跨越万里只为和当时的医生“中国妈妈”李金荣重聚，表达感激之情。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“In1985,12yearoldKheiravisitedthehospitaltoseektreatmentforastomachinfection.(1985年，12岁的Kheira到医院寻求治疗胃部感染)”可知，Kheira在1985年去了医院是因为她的胃有问题。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Afteritsperfectpletion,Kheiraranfromward( 病房 )toward,tellingeveryonethatshenowhadanose,agiftfromher“Chinesemother”.(在完美完成后，凯拉从一个病房跑到另一个病房，告诉每个人她现在有了一个鼻子，这是她的“中国妈妈”给她的礼物。)”以及最后一段““ThisismyfirstvisittoChina,butIdon’tfeelthejourneywashardatall,becauseIamsoexcitedtomeetProfessorLi,myChinesemother,”Kheiraadded,“WithoutmyChinesemother,mylifewouldbedarkerthandeath,”(‘这是我第一次来中国，但我一点也不觉得旅途艰难，因为我很兴奋能见到我的中国母亲李教授，’凯拉补充道：‘没有我的中国母亲，我的生活将比死还要黑暗。’)”可知，凯拉的手术使凯拉的生活更加积极。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““Hadshenotbeendisfigured,shewouldhavegrownuptobeagreatbeauty,”Lisaid.ThenshedevisedadetailedtreatmentplananddecidedtotransplanttheskinfromoneofKheira’supperarmstoreconstructhernose,becauseitmatchedherfacialskintoneandwouldnotleavenoticeablescars.(“如果她没有被毁容，她长大后会是一个大美人，”李说。然后，她设计了一个详细的治疗计划，并决定从凯拉的上臂上移植皮肤来重建她的鼻子，因为它与她的面部肤色相匹配，不会留下明显的疤痕)”以及第四段“Thoughscaredatfirst,Li’ssincereattitudeandcaringwordsremindedherofhermotherandgaveherhope.(虽然一开始很害怕，但李真诚的态度和关心的话语让她想起了母亲，给了她希望)”可知，李教授是一个关心和体贴他人的人。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“When89yearoldLiJinrongheardsomeonecallingher“mom”ataneventinWuhan,HubeiProvince,sheimmediatelyrosefromherseat.sAforeignwomanrantowardherbeforehugginghertightlyandsaying,“Mom,mom.(在湖北武汉的一次活动中，89岁的李金荣听到有人叫她“妈妈”，她立刻从座位上站了起来。一个外国女人跑过来紧紧地抱住她说：“妈妈，妈妈。”)”、最后一段中“Kheiratravelled10,000kilometersfromAlgeriatoWuhan.“ThisismyfirstvisittoChina,butIdon’tfeelthejourneywashardatall,becauseIamsoexcitedtomeetProfessorLi,myChinesemother,”Kheiraadded,“WithoutmyChinesemother,mylifewouldbedarkerthandeath.”(凯拉从阿尔及利亚到武汉旅行了1万公里。“这是我第一次来中国，但我一点也不觉得旅途艰难，因为我很兴奋能见到我的中国母亲李教授，”凯拉补充道，“没有我的中国母亲，我的生活将比死还要黑暗。”)”结合文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了中国医疗援助团队1985年在阿尔及利亚的Kheira进行全鼻再造手术，近40年后Kheira跨越万里来到中国只为和当时的医生“中国妈妈”李金荣重聚，表达感激之情。B选项“温馨的团聚”最符合文章主旨。故选B。CTheParisOlympicsaregettingreadytodefendagainstcyberattacks(网络攻击),withthethreatpossiblyingfromcriminals.“Weareworriedabouteverythingfromthebroadcasterstothesponsors,transportinfrastructures(基础设施)andsupport,andpetitions.Anykindofattackisonthetable,”saidJohnHultquist,ananalystatMandiantConsulting,aUScybersecurityconsultancyfirm.Hisconcernisreasonable,ascyberattacksaresurprisinglymonduringtheOlympicGames.ThefirstcyberattackontheOlympicswasinMontrealin1976.Manyeventshadtobepostponedormovedbecauseofthe48hourelectricaldisruption.TokyoOlympicsin2021reported450millioncyberattacks—whichdoubledthenumberexperiencedduringthe2012LondonOlympics.However,it’simportanttonotethattheParisOlympicswillmakethefirstattempttotakeheavyadvantageofartificialintelligence(AI)initsoperation.“AIwillhaveahugeimpactonus,”aseniorFrenchmilitaryofficialstated.“Itwillallowustorearrangedatafasterandextractkeyevents,whichwillhelpfightback.”However,healsowarnedthattherearemanyenemiesandtheresourcesmaynotbeenoughtodealwithallpossibleattacks.Theseattackscouldtargetgyms,localtransportationsuchastrainsandsubways,Paris’electricityandwatersystems,phonenetworks,andmediareportingoftheGames.Thehighestriskinvolvesdisruptionofinfrastructuresandbroadcasts.Furthermore,attackscouldextendbeyondtheGameswiththespreadoffakevideosabouttheevents.Deepfakevideoscouldbeusedtodistractfromtherealityofparticularevents.Hultquistalsowarnedthatpetitionresultscouldbetampered(篡改)with,highlightingthepotentialforinterference(干扰)withcameras,timekeepingdevices,andscoreboards.Talkingabouttheimportanceofdatasecurity,heremendedkeepingsystemsisolated(隔离的)andusingpaperbackupsforscorestoensuretheirsecurity.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onthetable”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ready. B.Harmful. C.Possible. D.Preventable.9.WhyaremanyOlympicsinthehistorymentionedinparagraph3?A.TogivetheevidenceofJohn’sworry. B.Tospecifythefiguresofthecyberattacks.C.Tohighlightthesharpincreaseincyberattacks. D.Toillustratethebadeffectcausedbythedisruption.10.WhatistheseniorFrenchmilitaryofficial’sattitudetowardtheuseofAIintheParisOlympics?A.Curiousbutopposed. B.Positiveandoptimistic.C.Supportivebutcautious. D.Uninterestedanddoubtful.11.Whatarethelasttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thehighrisksandtheirinfluences.B.Safetyconcernsoftheeventandthesolutions.C.Theimpactofdeepfakevideosandrelatedmeasures.D.Thepotentialinterferenceandtheimportanceofsecurity.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了巴黎奥运会正准备防范网络攻击，威胁可能来自犯罪分子。这样的担忧不无道理，因为网络攻击在奥运会期间出人意料地普遍。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“TheParisOlympicsaregettingreadytodefendagainstcyberattacks(网络攻击),withthethreatpossiblyingfromcriminals.(巴黎奥运会正准备防范网络攻击，威胁可能来自犯罪分子)”以及划线词上文“Weareworriedabouteverythingfromthebroadcasterstothesponsors,transportinfrastructures(基础设施)andsupport,andpetitions.(我们对转播商、赞助商、交通基础设施和支持以及比赛等一切都感到担忧)”以及“Anykindofattackis”可知，上文提到他们对一切网络攻击都感到担忧，由此说明任何形式的网络攻击都是可能的。故划线词意思是“可能的”。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Hisconcernisreasonable,ascyberattacksaresurprisinglymonduringtheOlympicGames.ThefirstcyberattackontheOlympicswasinMontrealin1976.Manyeventshadtobepostponedormovedbecauseofthe48hourelectricaldisruption.TokyoOlympicsin2021reported450millioncyberattacks—whichdoubledthenumberexperiencedduringthe2012LondonOlympics.(他的担忧不无道理，因为网络攻击在奥运会期间出人意料地普遍。第一次针对奥运会的网络攻击发生在1976年的蒙特利尔奥运会。由于48小时的电力中断，许多活动不得不推迟或转移。2021年东京奥运会报告了4.5亿次网络攻击，是2012年伦敦奥运会的两倍)”可知，提到历史上的许多奥运会是为了给出约翰担心的证据。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““AIwillhaveahugeimpactonus,”aseniorFrenchmilitaryofficialstated.“Itwillallowustorearrangedatafasterandextractkeyevents,whichwillhelpfightback.”However,healsowarnedthattherearemanyenemiesandtheresourcesmaynotbeenoughtodealwithallpossibleattacks.(法国军方一位高级官员表示：“人工智能将对我们产生巨大影响。”“它将使我们能够更快地重新排列数据并提取关键事件，这将有助于反击。”然而，他也警告说，敌人很多，资源可能不足以应对所有可能的袭击)”可知，法国军方高级官员对在巴黎奥运会上使用人工智能持支持但谨慎态度。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Theseattackscouldtargetgyms,localtransportationsuchastrainsandsubways,Paris’electricityandwatersystems,phonenetworks,andmediareportingoftheGames.Thehighestriskinvolvesdisruptionofinfrastructuresandbroadcasts.Furthermore,attackscouldextendbeyondtheGameswiththespreadoffakevideosabouttheevents.Deepfakevideoscouldbeusedtodistractfromtherealityofparticularevents.(这些攻击的目标可能是健身房、火车和地铁等当地交通工具、巴黎的电力和供水系统、网络以及媒体对奥运会的报道。最大的风险是基础设施和广播中断。此外，随着有关奥运会的虚假视频的传播，攻击可能会延伸到奥运会之外。深度造假视频可以用来分散人们对特定事件现实的注意力)”以及最后一段“Hultquistalsowarnedthatpetitionresultscouldbetampered(篡改)with,highlightingthepotentialforinterference(干扰)withcameras,timekeepingdevices,andscoreboards.Talkingabouttheimportanceofdatasecurity,heremendedkeepingsystemsisolated(隔离的)andusingpaperbackupsforscorestoensuretheirsecurity.(胡尔特奎斯特还警告说，比赛结果可能被篡改，他强调了干扰摄像机、计时设备和记分牌的可能性。在谈到数据安全的重要性时，他建议保持系统隔离，并使用纸质备份来确保分数的安全性)”可知，最后两段主要讲的是活动的安全问题及解决方案。故选B。DHaveyoueverwonderedabouttheuniversallayout(布局)ofsupermarkets?Smartdesignersarebehindit,subtlytemptingyoutowalkthrougheachaisleandfillyourshoppingcartwithoutevenrealizingit.Grocerystoredesignisacarefullycraftedartfrombothpsychologicalandmarketingstandpoints,accordingtoReevesConnelly,whostudiedarchitecturaldesignatthePrattInstitute.Heexplainedthereisaspecificreasonwhyfruitandvegetablesareoftenlocatedatthefrontofthestore,“You’llgrabthefruitsandvegetablesfirstandthenhopefullyfeellessguiltyaboutbuyingjunkfoodlateron.”Meanwhile,essentialitemssuchasmilkandeggsareplacedatthebackofthestoretoensurecustomerswalkthroughotheraisleswithmanyunhealthyoptionslikesnacksandsodas,potentiallyincreasingthelikelihoodofimpulsepurchases.There’salsoareasonwhyyouoftenfeellostinlocalsupermarkets.Shockingly,theymovethingsaround.Reevesexplained,“Theyareverymuchawarethatthesestrategiesbeelesseffectiveafteryouvisitthestoreafewtimesandgetabettersenseofwhereeverythingis,sothey’llregularlymovetheproductstodifferentaislestoconfuseyou.Thepracticeisnotlimitedtoaspecificstorebutisemployedacrossvariousretailchains.”“Theirlittletricksalwaysworkonme,”oneregularshopperadmits,“Iwalkintogetthreethingsandendupspending$300;that’swhyIhategroceryshopping,”hesaid.Ontheotherhand,someshoppersareproudtodeclaretheyhaveneverfallenintothetrap.“That’swhyIalwayskeepashoppinglistonme,”anothershoppershared.“I’vestartedhavingmygroceriesdelivered.IfIhavetogotothestore,Inevergrabatrolley.IfIcan’tcarryit,I’mnotbuyingit,”headded.12.Whatisthepurposeofthesupermarketlayout?A.Toshowthedesigner’swisdom. B.Tosaveconsumers’shoppingtime.C.Toincreasenonessentialpurchases. D.Toprovidemultiplegoodsforchoice.13.Whatwouldthestoreownerprobablydotomakemoreprofits?A.Putthehealthyfoodtogether. B.Distributejunkfoodindifferentareas.C.Placeessentialitemsbeforejunkfood. D.Rearrangeproductsinsupermarketsregularly.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Mostshoppersaretrappedinmarketingtricks.B.Shoppingbasketsarebetterthanheavytrolleys.C.Makinglistscanbeasmartactforimpulsebuying.D.Grocerydeliverycanhelpimprovesupermarketsales.15.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Abusinessmagazine. B.Apsychologyreport.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Ashoppingguide.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Meanwhile,essentialitemssuchasmilkandeggsareplacedatthebackofthestoretoensurecustomerswalkthroughotheraisleswithmanyunhealthyoptionslikesnacksandsodas,potentiallyincreasingthelikelihoodofimpulsepurchases.(与此同时，牛奶和鸡蛋等必需品被放在商店的后面，以确保顾客穿过其他过道，有许多不健康的选择，如零食和苏打水，这可能会增加冲动购物的可能性)”可知，超市布局的目的是促进非必要消费。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Reevesexplained,“Theyareverymuchawarethatthesestrategiesbeelesseffectiveafteryouvisitthestoreafewtimesandgetabettersenseofwhereeverythingis,sothey’llregularlymovetheproductstodifferentaislestoconfuseyou.Thepracticeisnotlimitedtoaspecificstorebutisemployedacrossvariousretailchains.”(里夫斯解释说：“他们非常清楚，当你几次光顾商店并更好地了解每样商品的位置后，这些策略的效果就会降低，所以他们会定期将产品移到不同的过道，让你感到困惑。这种做法不仅限于特定的商店，而是被各种零售连锁店采用。”)”可知，为了提高利润，店主可能会定期重新安排超市的产品布局。故选D。14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Ontheotherhand,someshoppersareproudtodeclaretheyhaveneverfallenintothetrap.“That’swhyIalwayskeepashoppinglistonme,”anothershoppershared.(另一方面，一些购物者自豪地宣称他们从未落入陷阱。“这就是为什么我总是把购物清单放在身上，”另一位购物者分享道)”可推知，带购物清单是避免冲动购物的明智之举。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Haveyoueverwonderedabouttheuniversallayout(布局)ofsupermarkets?Smartdesignersarebehindit,subtlytemptingyoutowalkthrougheachaisleandfillyourshoppingcartwithoutevenrealizingit.(你有没有想过超市的通用布局？聪明的设计师在背后，巧妙地引诱你穿过每一条过道，在不知不觉中装满购物车)”以及全文可知，文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。由此推知，文章可能选自一本商业杂志。故选A。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。π(Pi)DayfallsonMarch14.Thisisthedaywhenmathematiciansandgeometry(几何学)loversaroundtheworldgettogetherandcelebratethemathematicalconstant(常数)ofPi.___16___Firstly,thedatewhichcanberepresentednumericallyintheformat3.14representsthefirst3digitsofπ.Besides,oneofourgreatestphysicistsAlbertEinsteinwasbornonMarch14,1897.In2018,thefamousphysicistStephenHawkingpassedawayonPiDay.TheearliestknowncelebrationofPiDaywasorganizedbythephysicistLarryShawattheSanFranciscoExploratoriumin1988,featuringeatingdifferentkindsoffruitpies.___17___Themuseumstaffmarchedaroundacircularroom,sangsongs,andatepie.Newsstoriesaboutthecelebrationspreadtheideatoschools,museums,andmunities.In2009,USHouseofRepresentativesofficiallynamedthisspecialday—“PiDay”.ManypeoplecelebratePiDaywithfamilyandfriends.___18___Peoplemakepizzas(roundones,ofcourse)andbakecreampies.SomepeopleevenuseaspecialpiepanshapedliketheGreekletterπ.Theyarealsowillingtodrinkpineapplejuice.___19___Overthousandsofyears,peopletriedtounfoldthepuzzlebehindthismagicnumber.Beforetheappearanceofmodernputingtechnologies,mathematiciansallovertheworldhavemadetheireffortsoncalculatingtheapproximationofPi.___20___WhileIndianmathematicianAryabhataapproximatedPito√￣9.8624usingthecircumferenceofapolygon(多边形)with384sides.On2019’sPiDay,GoogleannouncedthatthecalculationofPihasalreadyreached31.4trilliondecimal(小数的)places.A.Themostpopularwayisbyeatingpithemedfoods.B.March14seemstobetightlyconnectedwithScience.C.Itwasbecause“Pi”and“pie”soundedsameinEnglish.D.TheworldrecordformemorizingpiisheldbyChaoLufromChina.E.ChineseancientmathematicianZuChongzhiextendedPito7decimalplaces.F.Anothercelebrationistorecitethisamazingnumberwithcountlessdecimalplaces.G.Picanalsobeusedtocalculatethevolumeofsomethingshapedlikeaballoratube.【答案】16.B17.C18.A19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了圆周率日的由来、庆祝方式以及人们如何努力计算π的值。【16题详解】根据下文内容“Firstly,thedatewhichcanberepresentednumericallyintheformat3.14representsthefirst3digitsofπ.Besides,oneofourgreatestphysicistsAlbertEinsteinwasbornonMarch14,1897.In2018,thefamousphysicistStephenHawkingpassedawayonPiDay.(首先，可以用3.14格式表示的日期代表π的前3位数字。此外，我们最伟大的物理学家之一阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦出生于1897年3月14日。2018年，著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金在圆周率日去世)”可知，下文讲述的是3月14日和科学有联系的一些例子。选项B“March14seemstobetightlyconnectedwithScience.(3月14日似乎与科学密切相关。)”与下文内容一致，是下文内容的概括。故选B。【17题详解】根据空前内容“TheearliestknowncelebrationofPiDaywasorganizedbythephysicistLarryShawattheSanFranciscoExploratoriumin1988,featuringeatingdifferentkindsoffruitpies.(已知最早的圆周率日庆祝活动是1988年由物理学家LarryShaw在旧金山探索馆组织的，活动内容是吃不同种类的水果派)”可知，在最早的圆周率日庆祝活动上，人们会吃各种水果派。选项C“Itwasbecause“Pi”and“pie”soundedsameinEnglish.(这是因为“Pi”和“pie”在英语中发音相同。)”是上文内容的自然延续，解释了人们为什么会在圆周率日庆祝活动上吃水果派。故选C。【18题详解】根据空前内容“ManypeoplecelebratePiDaywithfamilyandfriends.(许多人与家人和朋友一起庆祝圆周率日)”可知，人们会和家人朋友一起庆祝圆周率日。选项A“Themostpopularwayisbyeatingpithemedfoods.(最流行的方式是吃pi主题的食物。)”延续上文内容，指的是人们会通过吃pi主题的食物来庆祝圆周率日。同时自然引出下文内容“Peoplemakepizzas(roundones,ofcourse)andbakecreampies.SomepeopleevenuseaspecialpiepanshapedliketheGreekletterπ.(人们做披萨(当然是圆的)和烤奶油派。有些人甚至用希腊字母π形状的特殊烤盘)”，指的都是人们会吃pi主题的食物。故选A。【19题详解】根据上文内容“Peoplemakepizzas(roundones,ofcourse)andbakecreampies.SomepeopleevenuseaspecialpiepanshapedliketheGreekletterπ.Theyarealsowillingtodrinkpineapplejuice.(人们做披萨(当然是圆的)和烤奶油派。有些人甚至用希腊字母π形状的特殊烤盘。他们也愿意喝菠萝汁)”可知，上文提到的是人们会吃pi主题的食物来庆祝圆周率日的方式。选项F“Anothercelebrationistorecitethisamazingnumberwithcountlessdecimalplaces.(另一个庆祝活动是背诵这个有无数小数点的惊人数字。)”提出了另一种庆祝圆周率日的方式。从而与本段段首句“ManypeoplecelebratePiDaywithfamilyandfriends.(许多人与家人和朋友一起庆祝圆周率日)”形成一致。故选F。【20题详解】根据上文内容“Beforetheappearanceofmodernputingtechnologies,mathematiciansallovertheworldhavemadetheireffortsoncalculatingtheapproximationofPi.(在现代计算技术出现之前，世界各地的数学家都在努力计算圆周率的近似值)”可知，在现代计算技术出现之前，世界各地的数学家都在努力计算圆周率的近似值。选项E“ChineseancientmathematicianZuChongzhiextendedPito7decimalplaces.(中国古代数学家祖冲之将圆周率扩展到小数点后7位。)”延续上文内容，指出中国古代数学家祖冲之将圆周率扩展到小数点后7位。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。DouglasSmithisapetitiveguy.Sowhenheturnedhisattentiontothevegetablegardenbehindhishome,hewasdevotedtoitsomuch,infact,thathiscasualhobbygrewto___21___.TheBritishgardenerhas___22___anearly7poundtomato,a624poundpumpkinanda20foottallsunflower.Recently,though,hehaschangedhisfocusfromsizeto___23___.Twiceinarow,SmithbroketheGuinnessWorldRecordforthemostcherrytomatoesgrownonasinglestem.___24___,hebrokethepreviousrecordof488cherrytomatoes—whichhadbeen___25___formorethan10years—afterhegrew839cherrytomatoesononesteminSeptember,2021.Then,in2022,GuinnessWorldRecords___26___thatSmithhadactuallybeatenhisownworldrecord,growing1,269cherrytomatoesonasinglestem.Growinghugevegetablespresenteda(n)___27___opportunityto“pushyourgardeningknowledgetodosomethingdifferent,”Smithsaid.“Ifyou’retryingtogrowforapetition,youlearnalotmoreabout___28___togrowthembestthroughanexerciselikethis.”___29___theprospectofearningprizesandpraise,whatinspiredSmithmost,hesaid,wasthelearningprocessandthestrongsenseof____30____amongfellowgrowers.Althoughit’spetitiveinnature,themunitycooperate.“petitivevegetablegrowingisactuallyknowledgesharing,”Smithsaid.ForSmith,theprocessofgrowingsupersize____31____isscientific.To____32____hischerrytomatogrowingoperation,hespentcountlesshoursreading