第04辑一轮阅读 专题10 阅读理解说明文选标题专练15篇（满分攻略+高考真题+名校模拟）-2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）教师版

2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）第04辑一轮阅读专题10阅读理解说明文选标题专练15篇（攻略+真题+模拟）解析版【说明文选标题满分攻略】一、说明文标题错误三大特征1.范围太宽泛：选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。2.范围太具体：选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。3.范围太偏颇：选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。二、说明文选标题三大方法1.主题段法标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。2.主题句法解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。2.关键词法任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。三、说明文选标题三大策略1.正面肯定法在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。2.反面否定法撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。3.排除干扰法研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。四、说明文标题思维导图【说明文选标题高考真题】【2024全国甲卷第27题】Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!24.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sasurvivalskill. B.It'staughtbymothercats.C.It'shardtointerpret. D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.25.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds. B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells. D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother’sattentionandbefed.(猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.(猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,(狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.(许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take...upanotch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“UnderstandingYourCat’sBehavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。【2022新高考II卷第31题】Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom. B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing. D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer.【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.B【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。28.A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。29.B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。30.D。词义猜测题。根据句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。31.B。主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。【说明文选标题名校模拟】【说明文选标题专练01】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Airconditioningusehasexplodedinthelast30years.AccordingtoU.S.Censusdatain1993,justaboutthree-quartersofsinglefamilyhomesintheMidwesthadairconditioning.IntheWestandNortheast,itwasjustabouthalf.Now,allregionsarepushing100percentairconditioningcoverage.IntheSouth,it’sbeenatabout100percentsincetheearly1990s.Asthecostofairconditioninginstallationhasgonedown,andtemperatureshavegoneup,Americanshavebeenofferedanopportunityforasteadyindoortemperatureyear-round,regardlessoftheweatheroutside.Thisdriveforcomfortforcesustodisconnectfromwhat’shappeningallaroundus.Aconditionedclimateallowsustocompletelyignorethechangingseasonsandourwarmingplanet.Onlylisteningtopeoplewhoagreewithus—ortryingtosilencethosewhodisagree—createsourown,individuallyconditionedrealities.NewYorkUniversityprofessorandsocialpsychologistJonathanHaidtshowedhowthecomfortsofconveniences“atomize”oursocialstructures.Eachnewtechnologythatmakesourliveseasieralsomakesuslessreliantonotherpeople.Haidt’sbigfocusisonsmartphonesandsocialmedia,asexploredinhisrecentbook,butoursocietywascrackingoffintosmallerandsmallerpieceslongbeforewehadtherobotsinourpockets.Carsallowedustoshopinothertowns,reducingrelianceonlocalbusinesses.Atelevisionsetgavesomethingforpeopletodointheevenings,reducingtheneedtohangoutwithneighbors,andbyextension,erodingcommunitystructuresandinstitutions(oftencalled“thirdplaces”,incontrasttoworkandhome).Airconditioningallowedustostayinsideintheheat,limitingaplay-basedchildhoodwherekidsrunaroundwitheachotherandmaketheirownfun.Whatifweallturnedofftheairconditioningforabit,openedourwindows,andtrulyexperiencedlifeasitwashappening,notwhatwemanufacturedittobe?Wemightbealittlelesscomfortable,butmaybealittlemoreconnected.1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Airconditioningeasilyshapesourindividualpersonality.B.Airconditionedhousesaremorecomfortablethanothers.C.Airconditioningcanreduceourconnectionwiththeworld.D.AirconditioningisaccessibletoeveryhouseholdintheUS.2.WhydoestheauthormentionHaidt?A.Topromotehisrecentbook. B.Toillustratetechnologicaladvances.C.Topraisehumanself-reliance. D.Torevealtheharmofairconditioning.3.Whatdoestheword“eroding”underlinedinparagraph4referto?A.Constructing. B.Destroying.C.Avoiding. D.Improving.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TurnoffAirConditioningforaBit B.ExperienceYourLifetotheFullestC.KeepAwayfromAirConditionedHouses D.NeverCreateOurOwnConditionedRealities【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出长时间待在空调房中会导致一些问题，以及其引用对手机和社交媒体的批判，间接影射空调的危害。1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Thisdriveforcomfortforcesustodisconnectfromwhat’shappeningallaroundus.(这种对舒适的追求迫使我们与周围发生的事情脱节)”可知，空调会减少我们与世界的联系。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第三段“NewYorkUniversityprofessorandsocialpsychologistJonathanHaidtshowedhowthecomfortsofconveniences‘atomize’oursocialstructures.Eachnewtechnologythatmakesourliveseasieralsomakesuslessreliantonotherpeople.Haidt’sbigfocusisonsmartphonesandsocialmedia,asexploredinhisrecentbook,butoursocietywascrackingoffintosmallerandsmallerpieceslongbeforewehadtherobotsinourpockets.(纽约大学教授和社会心理学家JonathanHaidt展示了便利的舒适是如何‘原子化’我们的社会结构的。每一项使我们的生活更轻松的新技术也使我们对他人的依赖减少。海特的重点是智能手机和社交媒体，正如他在最近的书中所探讨的那样，但早在我们口袋里有机器人之前，我们的社会就已经分裂成越来越小的碎片)”可知，作者提到海特是为了揭示空调的危害。故选D。3.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Atelevisionsetgavesomethingforpeopletodointheevenings,reducingtheneedtohangoutwithneighbors(电视机为人们在晚上提供了一些事情，减少了与邻居一起闲逛的需要)”以及后文“communitystructuresandinstitutions(oftencalled‘thirdplaces’,incontrasttoworkandhome)(社区结构和机构（通常被称为‘第三场所’，与工作和家庭相对）)”可知，电视机为人们在晚上提供了一些事情，减少了与邻居一起闲逛的需要，因此破坏了社区结构和机构，故划线词意思是“损害，破坏”。故选B。4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Whatifweallturnedofftheairconditioningforabit,openedourwindows,andtrulyexperiencedlifeasitwashappening,notwhatwemanufacturedittobe?Wemightbealittlelesscomfortable,butmaybealittlemoreconnected.(如果我们都关掉空调，打开窗户，真正体验真实的生活，而不是我们制造的生活，会怎么样？我们可能不太舒服，但可能更有联系)”结合文章指出长时间待在空调房中会导致一些问题，以及其引用对手机和社交媒体的批判，间接影射空调的危害。可知，A选项“暂时关掉空调”最符合文章标题。故选A。【说明文选标题专练02】（2024·浙江·模拟预测）AsmallstudypublishedWednesdaydocumentssignificantlyrestoredhearinginfiveofsixkidstreatedinChina.“Hearinglossishardtorecover.That’swhywewerealwaystryingtodevelopatherapy(疗法),”saidZheng-YiChen,aseniorauthorofthestudy.Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%ofcases.Allthechildrenintheexperimentshaveaconditionthataccountsfor2%to8%ofinherited(遗传的)deafness.It’scausedbymutations(变异)inageneresponsibleforaninnerearproteincalledotoferlin,whichhelpshaircellstransmitsoundtothebrain.ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.Theyobservedthechildrenforaboutsixmonthsandcapturedpatients’progressinvideos.Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.ThePhiladelphiahospitalreportedthattheirpatient,AissamDam,isnowabletohearhisfather’svoiceandcarsontheroad.Dr.JohnGermiller,wholedtheresearchinPhiladelphiasaid,“Hishearingisimprovedfromastateofcompletedeafnesswithnosoundatalltothelevelofmildhearingloss.”ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”1.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.TheresultofChen’stherapy. B.Theimpactofgenemutations.C.Thetroubleofcuringhearingloss. D.Theanalysisofchildren’sdeafness.2.Whatdomostparticipantsinthetworesearcheshaveincommon?A.Theyshowedpositiveresponsetothetherapy. B.Theirpowerofspeechwaspartiallyregained.C.Theirimprovementswererecordedbyvideos. D.Theyhadmildhearinglossafterthetreatment.3.WhatisDr.LawrenceLustig’sattitudetowardthetherapy?A.Dismissive. B.Objective. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeneTherapy:AHopefortheDeafB.DeafChildren:AConcernofSocietyC.Chen’sResearch:ABreakthroughinSurgeryD.InheritedDeafness:AChallengeforTreatment【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.A【导语】本文为说明文。这篇短文主要报道了中国一项小型研究，其中五个孩子在接受治疗后听力显著恢复。这些儿童患有由基因突变导致的遗传性耳聋，研究团队通过手术向内耳输送了功能正常的基因副本，治疗后孩子们能进行正常对话。尽管仍有许多问题待解，如治疗效果的持久性等，但这项成果和其他研究一样，显示出恢复听力损失的积极前景。1.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%ofcases.(全球有3400万儿童患有耳聋或听力损失，高达60%的病例是由基因引起的。)”可知，第二段主要是对儿童耳聋情况的分析。故选D。2.推理判断题。根据第四段“Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.(其中一个视频显示，一个小女孩在治疗13周后重复着父亲、母亲、祖母、姐姐和“我爱你”。他们不知道为什么治疗对其中一人无效。但其他五个人以前完全失聪，现在可以听到定期的对话并与他人交谈。)”及第五段“Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.(先前其他研究的结果也同样积极。)”可知，这两项研究的大多数参与者的共同点是他们对治疗有积极反应。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”(哥伦比亚大学的LawrenceLustig博士说：“尽管这些研究中的孩子们最终并没有获得完美的听力，但这些孩子即使是轻微的听力损失恢复也相当惊人。”不过，他补充道，“还有很多问题，比如治疗能持续多久，孩子们的听力是否会继续改善。”)”可知，LawrenceLustig对这个疗法的态度是客观的。故选B。4.主旨大意题。根据全文和第四段“ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.(陈的团队的治疗方法在手术中将该基因的功能拷贝传递到内耳。它没有造成重大副作用。)”可知，文章主要介绍了通过基因治疗患有由基因突变导致的遗传性耳聋的儿童。A项“基因治疗：聋人的希望”是最合适的标题。故选A。【说明文选标题专练03】（24-25高三上·江苏苏州·开学考试）Inrecentdecades,experimentshavebeguntocatchupwithwhatpeoplewhoworkcloselywithanimalshavealwaysknown—thatanimalshaveaninnerlife,andconsciousnessisn’tuniquelyhuman.Consciousnessisaconceptthatisextremelydifficulttodefine.Therehavebeenmanyattempts:isitawareness,orawarenessofthatawareness,orself-awarenessinstead?Butausefulworkingdefinitionmightbethatitisanykindofsubjectiveexperience,rangingfromhowweperceivetheexternalworldtoourinnerthoughtsandemotions.Becauseyoucanneverbeinsideanotherlivingbeing’shead,questionsofconsciousnessarebothhardtoanswerandopentobias(偏见).FindingsofexperimentsinspiredagroupofscientistsinApriltowriteTheNewYorkDeclarationAnimalConsciousness,whichnowhasover300supporters.Itstatesthatthereis“strongscientificsupportforconsciousexperience”inmammalsandbirdsand“atleastarealisticpossibilityofconsciousexperience”infishandotherspecies.Thatanimalshavesomeformofinnerlifemustsurelybeself-evidenttomanypeoplewholiveorworkwiththem,justasIwouldguessthatmostcarersofnewbornbabiesdon’tseetheseinfantassenselessautomaticmachines.Theexperiencesofpeoplewiththoroughknowledgeofeitherhavehistorically,beenviewedassubjectiveandbiased,asemotionalconnectiontendstoinfluencelogicalreasoning.Ourconsciousnessleadsustoover-empathizewithotherswecannottrulyknow,theargumentgoes.But,asthebiologistMarcBekoffwrote,ifwehumanshavesomething,thenotheranimalsarelikelytohaveittoo.Ipersonallyfeelthatattemptstodivorceemotion,feelingandexperiencefromhowweseeanimalscanbeasunscientific.Fortoolong,weassumedthathumansareuniqueandanimalsdon’tfeelpainoremotionsthewaythatwedo,aconvenientbutcruelnullhypothesis(无效假设),whenwecouldhavestartedfromthepositionthatperhapstheydoinstead.1.Whichisakeycharacteristicofconsciousnessaccordingtothepassage?A.Itmeansanyemotionalexperienceofhumans.B.Itreferstoindividual’ssubjectiveexperience.C.Itisallabouthowweperceivetheexternalworld.D.Itreferstoacommonqualitysharedbyallanimals.2.Whyarethecarersofnewbornbabiesmentioned?A.Toshowthatanimalsarejustasconsciousashumanbabies.B.Tohelpreadersunderstandwhyanimalspossessconsciousness.C.Toargueagainsttheviewofpeoplelivingorworkingwithanimals.D.Toexplainwhyanimalcarerswouldassumeanimalshaveaninnerlife.3.Whatmightbetheauthor’sattitudetowardsMarcBckoff’sassumptionaboutanimalemotions?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Supportive. D.Uncertain.4.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ConsciousnessImprovedThroughPracticeB.QuestionsofHumanConsciousnessAnsweredC.FactorsAffectingAnimalConsciousnessDiscoveredD.ConsciousExperienceFoundinCertainAnimalSpecies【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.D【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对动物意识的实验和发现，向读者普及了关于动物意识的知识，并探讨了意识这一概念的定义和难以测量的原因。1.细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Butausefulworkingdefinitionmightbethatitisanykindofsubjectiveexperience,rangingfromhowweperceivetheexternalworldtoourinnerthoughtsandemotions.(但一个有用的可行定义可能是，它是任何一种主观体验，从我们如何感知外部世界到我们的内心想法和情绪。)”可知，个体的主观体验是意识的关键特征。故选B。2.推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Thatanimalshavesomeformofinnerlifemustsurelybeself-evidenttomanypeoplewholiveorworkwiththem,justasIwouldguessthatmostcarersofnewbornbabiesdon’tseetheseinfantassenselessautomaticmachines.(动物有某种形式的内在生命，这一点对许多与它们一起生活或工作的人来说肯定是不言而喻的，就像我猜大多数照顾新生儿的人不会把这些婴儿视为毫无意义的自动机器一样。)”可知，提到新生儿护理者的目的是为了解释为什么动物护理者会认为动物有某种形式的内在生命。故选D。3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“But,asthebiologistMarcBekoffwrote,ifwehumanshavesomething,thenotheranimalsarelikelytohaveittoo.Ipersonallyfeelthatattemptstodivorceemotion,feelingandexperiencefromhowweseeanimalscanbeasunscientific.(但是，正如生物学家MarcBekoff所写的那样，如果我们人类有某种东西，那么其他动物很可能也有。我个人认为，试图将情感、感觉和经验与我们看待动物的方式分离开来是不科学的。)”可知，作者认为MarcBekoff关于动物情感的假设是科学的，并且作者支持这种假设。故选C。4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段“FindingsofexperimentsinspiredagroupofscientistsinApriltowriteTheNewYorkDeclarationAnimalConsciousness,whichnowhasover300supporters.Itstatesthatthereis“strongscientificsupportforconsciousexperience”inmammalsandbirdsand“atleastarealisticpossibilityofconsciousexperience”infishandotherspecies.(实验的发现启发了一组科学家在4月份撰写了《TheNewYorkDeclarationAnimalConsciousness》，现在有300多名支持者。它指出，在哺乳动物和鸟类中有“强有力的科学支持意识体验”，在鱼类和其他物种中“至少有现实的意识体验可能性”。)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家在动物身上发现了意识体验，包括哺乳动物、鸟类以及鱼类和其他物种。因此，D选项“ConsciousExperienceFoundinCertainAnimalSpecies(在某些动物物种中发现意识体验)”符合题意。故选D。【说明文选标题专练04】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）Maritimewatchdogs(海事监管机构)havelongreliedontheAutomaticIdentificationSystem(AIS)totrackships’radioactivityacrosstheglobe.AISrequirementsdifferbetweencountriesandships,andit’seasytosimplyturnoffaship’stransponder(应答器)whenacrewwantstostayhidden.Hencethedarkfleets.Now,forthefirsttimeever,researchershavecreatedaglobalmapofhumanactivityintheoceansandoncoastlines.Byusingsatelliteimagery,GPSdataandartificialintelligence,theteamuncoveredunregulatedactivityonthehighseas,includinguntrackeddarkfleets.Thenewestfindingsshowcasethetroublinglylargerimpactofdarkfleetsaroundtheworld.“Wehadanideathatweweremissingabigpartoftheactivityhappeningintheocean,butwedidn’tknowhowmuch,”saidFernandoPaolo,theleadauthorofthestudy.“Andwefoundthatit’salotmorethanweimagined.”Forexample,intheMediterraneanSea,previousnumbershadshownfishingontheEuropeansidetobetentimesgreaterthanthatontheAfricanside.Butthenewstudysuggeststheamountoffishingonbothsidesisroughlythesame.Butthisdatacandomorethanuncoverpossibleillegalfishing.“Shiptrackingcouldalsotransformenvironmentalconservationeffortsbyrevealingentryintoprotectedareas,”writesmachinelearningresearcherKonstantinKlemmer.Morethan20shipsperweekcrossedintotheGreatBarrierReefMarinePark,andoverthefiveperweekenteredtheGalapagosMarineReserve,accordingtothestudy.It’snotalltroublingrevisions,however.Accordingtotheteam’sfindings,thenumberofgreenoffshoreenergyprojectsdoubledoverthefive-yearperiodanalyzed.Asof2021,windturbines(涡轮机)officiallyoutnumberedtheworld’soilplatforms,withChinatakingtheleadbyincreasingitsnumberofwindfarmsby900percent.1.Whatdo“thedarkfleets”inparagraph1referto?A.Shipstravelingatnight.B.Shipspaintedwithdarkcolors.C.Shipsindependentfromanycountry.D.Shipsworkingwithoutbeingmonitored.2.Whatdidtheresearchersthinkofthenewfindings?A.Unrealistic. B.Complex. C.Shocking. D.Confusing.3.Whatpositivetrenddoesthemapreveal?A.Thenumberofoilplatformshasbeenonthedecline.B.Greatimportanceisattachedtogreenenergy.C.Windenergyholdstheleadinenergyconsumption.D.Conservationeffortstowardsprotectedareasareeffective.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BeyondtheWaves:ExploringMaritimeMysteries.B.FromAIStoAL:InnovationsofMaritimeWatchdogs.C.PaintingtheSeas:ArtisticExpressionsonDarkFleets.D.MappingOceanActivity:BringingDarkFleetstoLight.【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员绘制了海洋活动的全球地图，揭示了黑暗舰队的行踪。1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Maritimewatchdogs(海事监管机构 )havelongreliedontheAutomaticIdentificationSystem(AIS)totrackships’radioactivityacrosstheglobe.AISrequirementsdifferbetweencountriesandships,andit’seasytosimplyturnoffaship’stransponder(应答器)whenacrewwantstostayhidden. Hencethedarkfleets.(海事监管机构长期以来一直依靠自动识别系统（AIS）来跟踪全球船舶的无线电活动。不同国家和船只对AIS系统的要求不同，当船员想要隐藏时，很容易关闭船只的应答器。因此才有了黑暗舰队。)”可知，第一段中的“黑暗舰队”指的是那些关闭了AIS系统，未被监控的船只。故选D项。2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Andwefoundthatit’salotmorethanweimagined.(我们发现它比我们想象的要多得多)”可知，研究人员发现，实际发现的要比想象的多，所以可推知这应该是令人震惊的。故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Accordingtotheteam’sfindings,thenumberofgreenoffshoreenergyprojectsdoubledoverthefive-yearperiodanalyzed.(根据研究小组的发现，绿色海上能源项目的数量在分析的5年期间翻了一番)”可知，绿色海上能源项目翻了一番；由此可知，地图揭示了对绿色能源的重视。故选B项。4.主旨大意题。分析全文内容，尤其第二段“Now,forthefirsttimeever,researchershavecreatedaglobalmapofhumanactivityintheoceansandoncoastlines.Byusingsatelliteimagery,GPSdataandartificialintelligence,theteamuncoveredunregulatedactivityonthehighseas,includinguntrackeddarkfleets.(现在，研究人员有史以来第一次绘制了人类在海洋和海岸线上活动的全球地图。通过使用卫星图像、GPS数据和人工智能，该团队发现了公海上不受监管的活动，包括未追踪的黑暗舰队。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员绘制了海洋活动的全球地图，揭示了黑暗舰队的行踪，所以D选项“测绘海洋活动：将黑暗舰队带向光明”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选D项。【说明文选标题专练05】（24-25高三上·重庆合川·开学考试）ElephantsarethelargestlandmammalsonEarth,andunderstandingthembettercouldleadtobigscientificbreakthroughsinscience.Bothdelicateandstudy,elephanttrunks(象鼻)cangraspasingleleafbutcanalsocarrynearly600pounds.Scientiststhinkthattheyareanincredibleinspirationforthenextgenerationofbio-inspired(仿生)robots.Byconductingahigh-resolutionmotioncaptureanalysisofelephants’trunks,researchersfoundelephantshaveasetofsimplemovementsthattheycanintegratefreelytohandleobjectsofvariousshapesandsizes.Forexample,elephantsusesuction(吸力)topickuplightweightobjects.However,topickupheavierthings,theyusesuctiontosecurethepositionoftheobjectsandtrunkwrappingtoholdandliftthings.“It’snotthewholetrunkthatislengtheningorshortening—it’sdifferentparts,relyingonwhattheelephantisdoing,”saidMilinkovitch,professorofthephysicsofbiologyattheUniversityofGeneva,Switzerland.Researchersals