第04辑一轮阅读 专题10 阅读理解说明文选标题专练15篇（满分攻略+高考真题+名校模拟）-2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）学生版

2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）第04辑一轮阅读专题10阅读理解说明文选标题专练15篇（攻略+真题+模拟）原卷版【说明文选标题满分攻略】一、说明文标题错误三大特征1.范围太宽泛：选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。2.范围太具体：选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。3.范围太偏颇：选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。二、说明文选标题三大方法1.主题段法标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。2.主题句法解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。2.关键词法任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。三、说明文选标题三大策略1.正面肯定法在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。2.反面否定法撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。3.排除干扰法研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。四、说明文标题思维导图【说明文选标题高考真题】【2024全国甲卷第27题】Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!24.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sasurvivalskill. B.It'staughtbymothercats.C.It'shardtointerpret. D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.25.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds. B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells. D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy【2022新高考II卷第31题】Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom. B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing. D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer.【说明文选标题名校模拟】【说明文选标题专练01】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Airconditioningusehasexplodedinthelast30years.AccordingtoU.S.Censusdatain1993,justaboutthree-quartersofsinglefamilyhomesintheMidwesthadairconditioning.IntheWestandNortheast,itwasjustabouthalf.Now,allregionsarepushing100percentairconditioningcoverage.IntheSouth,it’sbeenatabout100percentsincetheearly1990s.Asthecostofairconditioninginstallationhasgonedown,andtemperatureshavegoneup,Americanshavebeenofferedanopportunityforasteadyindoortemperatureyear-round,regardlessoftheweatheroutside.Thisdriveforcomfortforcesustodisconnectfromwhat’shappeningallaroundus.Aconditionedclimateallowsustocompletelyignorethechangingseasonsandourwarmingplanet.Onlylisteningtopeoplewhoagreewithus—ortryingtosilencethosewhodisagree—createsourown,individuallyconditionedrealities.NewYorkUniversityprofessorandsocialpsychologistJonathanHaidtshowedhowthecomfortsofconveniences“atomize”oursocialstructures.Eachnewtechnologythatmakesourliveseasieralsomakesuslessreliantonotherpeople.Haidt’sbigfocusisonsmartphonesandsocialmedia,asexploredinhisrecentbook,butoursocietywascrackingoffintosmallerandsmallerpieceslongbeforewehadtherobotsinourpockets.Carsallowedustoshopinothertowns,reducingrelianceonlocalbusinesses.Atelevisionsetgavesomethingforpeopletodointheevenings,reducingtheneedtohangoutwithneighbors,andbyextension,erodingcommunitystructuresandinstitutions(oftencalled“thirdplaces”,incontrasttoworkandhome).Airconditioningallowedustostayinsideintheheat,limitingaplay-basedchildhoodwherekidsrunaroundwitheachotherandmaketheirownfun.Whatifweallturnedofftheairconditioningforabit,openedourwindows,andtrulyexperiencedlifeasitwashappening,notwhatwemanufacturedittobe?Wemightbealittlelesscomfortable,butmaybealittlemoreconnected.1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Airconditioningeasilyshapesourindividualpersonality.B.Airconditionedhousesaremorecomfortablethanothers.C.Airconditioningcanreduceourconnectionwiththeworld.D.AirconditioningisaccessibletoeveryhouseholdintheUS.2.WhydoestheauthormentionHaidt?A.Topromotehisrecentbook. B.Toillustratetechnologicaladvances.C.Topraisehumanself-reliance. D.Torevealtheharmofairconditioning.3.Whatdoestheword“eroding”underlinedinparagraph4referto?A.Constructing. B.Destroying.C.Avoiding. D.Improving.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TurnoffAirConditioningforaBit B.ExperienceYourLifetotheFullestC.KeepAwayfromAirConditionedHouses D.NeverCreateOurOwnConditionedRealities【说明文选标题专练02】（2024·浙江·模拟预测）AsmallstudypublishedWednesdaydocumentssignificantlyrestoredhearinginfiveofsixkidstreatedinChina.“Hearinglossishardtorecover.That’swhywewerealwaystryingtodevelopatherapy(疗法),”saidZheng-YiChen,aseniorauthorofthestudy.Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%ofcases.Allthechildrenintheexperimentshaveaconditionthataccountsfor2%to8%ofinherited(遗传的)deafness.It’scausedbymutations(变异)inageneresponsibleforaninnerearproteincalledotoferlin,whichhelpshaircellstransmitsoundtothebrain.ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.Theyobservedthechildrenforaboutsixmonthsandcapturedpatients’progressinvideos.Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.ThePhiladelphiahospitalreportedthattheirpatient,AissamDam,isnowabletohearhisfather’svoiceandcarsontheroad.Dr.JohnGermiller,wholedtheresearchinPhiladelphiasaid,“Hishearingisimprovedfromastateofcompletedeafnesswithnosoundatalltothelevelofmildhearingloss.”ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”1.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.TheresultofChen’stherapy. B.Theimpactofgenemutations.C.Thetroubleofcuringhearingloss. D.Theanalysisofchildren’sdeafness.2.Whatdomostparticipantsinthetworesearcheshaveincommon?A.Theyshowedpositiveresponsetothetherapy. B.Theirpowerofspeechwaspartiallyregained.C.Theirimprovementswererecordedbyvideos. D.Theyhadmildhearinglossafterthetreatment.3.WhatisDr.LawrenceLustig’sattitudetowardthetherapy?A.Dismissive. B.Objective. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeneTherapy:AHopefortheDeafB.DeafChildren:AConcernofSocietyC.Chen’sResearch:ABreakthroughinSurgeryD.InheritedDeafness:AChallengeforTreatment【说明文选标题专练03】（24-25高三上·江苏苏州·开学考试）Inrecentdecades,experimentshavebeguntocatchupwithwhatpeoplewhoworkcloselywithanimalshavealwaysknown—thatanimalshaveaninnerlife,andconsciousnessisn’tuniquelyhuman.Consciousnessisaconceptthatisextremelydifficulttodefine.Therehavebeenmanyattempts:isitawareness,orawarenessofthatawareness,orself-awarenessinstead?Butausefulworkingdefinitionmightbethatitisanykindofsubjectiveexperience,rangingfromhowweperceivetheexternalworldtoourinnerthoughtsandemotions.Becauseyoucanneverbeinsideanotherlivingbeing’shead,questionsofconsciousnessarebothhardtoanswerandopentobias(偏见).FindingsofexperimentsinspiredagroupofscientistsinApriltowriteTheNewYorkDeclarationAnimalConsciousness,whichnowhasover300supporters.Itstatesthatthereis“strongscientificsupportforconsciousexperience”inmammalsandbirdsand“atleastarealisticpossibilityofconsciousexperience”infishandotherspecies.Thatanimalshavesomeformofinnerlifemustsurelybeself-evidenttomanypeoplewholiveorworkwiththem,justasIwouldguessthatmostcarersofnewbornbabiesdon’tseetheseinfantassenselessautomaticmachines.Theexperiencesofpeoplewiththoroughknowledgeofeitherhavehistorically,beenviewedassubjectiveandbiased,asemotionalconnectiontendstoinfluencelogicalreasoning.Ourconsciousnessleadsustoover-empathizewithotherswecannottrulyknow,theargumentgoes.But,asthebiologistMarcBekoffwrote,ifwehumanshavesomething,thenotheranimalsarelikelytohaveittoo.Ipersonallyfeelthatattemptstodivorceemotion,feelingandexperiencefromhowweseeanimalscanbeasunscientific.Fortoolong,weassumedthathumansareuniqueandanimalsdon’tfeelpainoremotionsthewaythatwedo,aconvenientbutcruelnullhypothesis(无效假设),whenwecouldhavestartedfromthepositionthatperhapstheydoinstead.1.Whichisakeycharacteristicofconsciousnessaccordingtothepassage?A.Itmeansanyemotionalexperienceofhumans.B.Itreferstoindividual’ssubjectiveexperience.C.Itisallabouthowweperceivetheexternalworld.D.Itreferstoacommonqualitysharedbyallanimals.2.Whyarethecarersofnewbornbabiesmentioned?A.Toshowthatanimalsarejustasconsciousashumanbabies.B.Tohelpreadersunderstandwhyanimalspossessconsciousness.C.Toargueagainsttheviewofpeoplelivingorworkingwithanimals.D.Toexplainwhyanimalcarerswouldassumeanimalshaveaninnerlife.3.Whatmightbetheauthor’sattitudetowardsMarcBckoff’sassumptionaboutanimalemotions?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Supportive. D.Uncertain.4.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ConsciousnessImprovedThroughPracticeB.QuestionsofHumanConsciousnessAnsweredC.FactorsAffectingAnimalConsciousnessDiscoveredD.ConsciousExperienceFoundinCertainAnimalSpecies【说明文选标题专练04】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）Maritimewatchdogs(海事监管机构)havelongreliedontheAutomaticIdentificationSystem(AIS)totrackships’radioactivityacrosstheglobe.AISrequirementsdifferbetweencountriesandships,andit’seasytosimplyturnoffaship’stransponder(应答器)whenacrewwantstostayhidden.Hencethedarkfleets.Now,forthefirsttimeever,researchershavecreatedaglobalmapofhumanactivityintheoceansandoncoastlines.Byusingsatelliteimagery,GPSdataandartificialintelligence,theteamuncoveredunregulatedactivityonthehighseas,includinguntrackeddarkfleets.Thenewestfindingsshowcasethetroublinglylargerimpactofdarkfleetsaroundtheworld.“Wehadanideathatweweremissingabigpartoftheactivityhappeningintheocean,butwedidn’tknowhowmuch,”saidFernandoPaolo,theleadauthorofthestudy.“Andwefoundthatit’salotmorethanweimagined.”Forexample,intheMediterraneanSea,previousnumbershadshownfishingontheEuropeansidetobetentimesgreaterthanthatontheAfricanside.Butthenewstudysuggeststheamountoffishingonbothsidesisroughlythesame.Butthisdatacandomorethanuncoverpossibleillegalfishing.“Shiptrackingcouldalsotransformenvironmentalconservationeffortsbyrevealingentryintoprotectedareas,”writesmachinelearningresearcherKonstantinKlemmer.Morethan20shipsperweekcrossedintotheGreatBarrierReefMarinePark,andoverthefiveperweekenteredtheGalapagosMarineReserve,accordingtothestudy.It’snotalltroublingrevisions,however.Accordingtotheteam’sfindings,thenumberofgreenoffshoreenergyprojectsdoubledoverthefive-yearperiodanalyzed.Asof2021,windturbines(涡轮机)officiallyoutnumberedtheworld’soilplatforms,withChinatakingtheleadbyincreasingitsnumberofwindfarmsby900percent.1.Whatdo“thedarkfleets”inparagraph1referto?A.Shipstravelingatnight.B.Shipspaintedwithdarkcolors.C.Shipsindependentfromanycountry.D.Shipsworkingwithoutbeingmonitored.2.Whatdidtheresearchersthinkofthenewfindings?A.Unrealistic. B.Complex. C.Shocking. D.Confusing.3.Whatpositivetrenddoesthemapreveal?A.Thenumberofoilplatformshasbeenonthedecline.B.Greatimportanceisattachedtogreenenergy.C.Windenergyholdstheleadinenergyconsumption.D.Conservationeffortstowardsprotectedareasareeffective.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BeyondtheWaves:ExploringMaritimeMysteries.B.FromAIStoAL:InnovationsofMaritimeWatchdogs.C.PaintingtheSeas:ArtisticExpressionsonDarkFleets.D.MappingOceanActivity:BringingDarkFleetstoLight.【说明文选标题专练05】（24-25高三上·重庆合川·开学考试）ElephantsarethelargestlandmammalsonEarth,andunderstandingthembettercouldleadtobigscientificbreakthroughsinscience.Bothdelicateandstudy,elephanttrunks(象鼻)cangraspasingleleafbutcanalsocarrynearly600pounds.Scientiststhinkthattheyareanincredibleinspirationforthenextgenerationofbio-inspired(仿生)robots.Byconductingahigh-resolutionmotioncaptureanalysisofelephants’trunks,researchersfoundelephantshaveasetofsimplemovementsthattheycanintegratefreelytohandleobjectsofvariousshapesandsizes.Forexample,elephantsusesuction(吸力)topickuplightweightobjects.However,topickupheavierthings,theyusesuctiontosecurethepositionoftheobjectsandtrunkwrappingtoholdandliftthings.“It’snotthewholetrunkthatislengtheningorshortening—it’sdifferentparts,relyingonwhattheelephantisdoing,”saidMilinkovitch,professorofthephysicsofbiologyattheUniversityofGeneva,Switzerland.ResearchersalsoperformedCTscansandMRIsonthetrunkofadeadelephant.Theyusedhigh-resolutioncamerastocreatea3Dmodelofatrunk,allowingthemtobetterunderstandthestructureofanelephant’smusclegroups,skinandconnectivetissues.Thestudydatawillbeusedtohelpdesignaninnovative“soft”roboticarm.“Thedataisexceptional,butnowtheeffortistotranslatethisbiologicaldataintosomeengineeringspecifications,”Milinkovitchsaid.“Weneedtoextractsomesimplifyingprinciplesthatcanmaketherobot’sbehaviorsimpleenoughtobeeffectiveandadaptabletochanges.”Theprojectisalsofuelingadvancementsinmaterialscience,asresearchershavedevelopedanewmaterialsimilartotheusefulpropertiesofelephantskinandcanbe3Dprintedforroboticprototypes(原型).Thenewmaterialsmaybecommercializedforawiderangeofuses.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“study”inparagraphlprobablymean?A.Strong. B.Broad. C.Sensitive. D.Rough2.Howdoesanelephanthandledifferentobjects?A.Bysecuringthepositionoftheseobjectsatfirst.B.Bycombiningsuctionwithtrunkmovementsflexibly.C.Bysuckingthemwithallthestrength.D.Bystretchingitstrunkbasedonthings’sizes.3.Whydoresearcherstranslatethebiologicaldata?A.Totestthesafetyoftheroboticarm. B.Toupgradetheappearanceoftherobot.C.Toimprovethebehavioroftherobot. D.Tostudythestructureofmuscletissues.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ElephantTrunks:TheTheoryofMovementinRoboticsB.ElephantTrunks:TheInspirationforSoftRoboticsC.“Soft”RoboticArms:AnInnovationin3D-printedRobotsD.“Soft”RoboticArms:AMajorBreakthroughinMaterialScience【说明文选标题专练06】（24-25高三上·广东佛山·开学考试）Whensomeoneasksforyouropinion,areyouquicktoofferit?Ordoyouoptinsteadforalaid-back“it’syourcall,”anundecided“anything’sfine,”oraneager-to-please“whateverworksbestforyou?”Manyofusdon’tshareourthoughtsoutofadesiretoappeareasygoingandcooperative.Butthroughtworesearchprojectsthatexploredawiderangeofinterpersonalsituations,wefoundthatfailingtoweighincanactuallymakeyouseemlesslikableandharmyourrelationships.Inourfirstresearchproject,welookedathowpeoplereactedwhenaskingafriendwhatrestaurant,movie,ormuseumthey’dprefertogoto.Nomatterthecontext,theparticipantsalmostalwaystoldusthattheywantedtheircompaniontopickaspecificoption—andwhentheircompanionchosenotto,theparticipantsfoundtheirfriendslesslikable,andtheybecamelessinterestedingoingonfutureoutingswiththem.Whyisthis?Youmightthinkthatwithholdingyourpreferencesmakesyoumorelikable,butinfact,whensomeoneasksforyourinput,they’regenerallylookingforhelpmakingadecision.Ourparticipantsreportedthatitwasharderforthemtomakeadecisionwhentheirfriendrefusedtoexpressanopinion,andthisunpleasantdecision-makingexperienceoftenharmedtheirimpressionoftheirfriend.Anotherreasonwithholdingapreferencecanbackfireisthatwhensomeoneclaimsnottocare,itcanseemliketheyactuallydohaveanopinion,butarehidingittoavoidconflict.Inoursecondresearchproject,wefoundthatwhensomeonesaystheydon’thaveapreference,thedecisionmakeroftenassumesthey’reonlysayingthatbecausetheyhavetheopposite

preferenceastheydo.Whenthishappens,thedecisionmakerismorelikelytochoosetheoptionthattheythemselvesdon’twant,ultimatelymakingthemthatmuchlesssatisfiedwiththeinteraction.Sonexttimesomeoneasksyouwhatyouthinkdon’tholdback.Whetherit’safriendaskingwhereyou’dliketogotoeat,aclientwho’scuriouswhatkindsofmusicyoulike,oraworkmaterequestingyourinputonaworkplacedecision,sharingyouropinionisalmostalwaysawin-win.1.Whyaresomepeopleunwillingtosharetheirpersonalpreferences?A.Toprotectprivacy. B.Tomakeagoodimpression.C.Toavoidargument. D.Togetbetterinvolved.2.Whatdidthefirstresearchprojectfindaboutpeopleaskingforfeedback?A.Theydiditoutofpoliteness. B.Theyexpectedanagreement.C.Theypreferredconcreteanswers. D.Theyhadnooptionsinmind.3.Whatcanweinferaboutdecisionmakersfromparagraph4?A.Theywillguessothers’thoughts. B.Theywillsticktotheirownideas.C.Theywillexpresstheirdissatisfaction. D.Theywillacceptothers’suggestions.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.IfYou’reToldNo,It’sFine B.IfYouDon’tFeelLikeIt,TryItC.IfSomeoneDoubtsYou,BeYourself D.IfSomeoneAsksYourOpinion,GiveIt【说明文选标题专练07】（2024·四川巴中·一模）Whenitcomestobuildingstructures,humansoftenconsiderthemselvesthebest,buttheabilitiesofsocialinsectsareamazing.Forexample,termites(白蚁)constructtallnests.However,thetruemastersofinsectarchitecturearethebees.Ateamofevolutionarybiologists,ledbyVivianaDiPietro,hasdiscoveredthatthesesmall-brainedinsectscanbuildinvariousarchitecturalstyles,similartohumans.Thesestylesarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,indicatingthatinsectscanhaveculturaldifferences—aconceptoncebelievedtobeuniquetohumans,asnotedbyAndrewWhiten.Inastudyofover400beecoloniesinBrazil,mostnestswerelayeredlikecakes,whileotherswerespiral(螺旋状).Theresearchersfilmedthebeesandfoundnodifferenceinthespeedofcellconstruction,suggestingthatneitherstyleismoreefficientthantheother.Todetermineifgeneticsplayedarole,researcherstransferredworkersfromonenesttypetoanother.Therelocatedbeesadaptedtothelocalbuildingstyle,andsodidtheyoungbees.Thesefindingsareexcitingforthosestudyinganimalculture,astheydemonstratethatbeescanpassdownconstructiontechniqueswithoutdirectteaching.Thischallengesthetraditionalviewofculture,whichisoftendefinedasbehaviordirectlypassedfromoneindividualtoanother.Dr.Whitenbelievesthatthenewfindingssuggestcomplexanimalbehaviors,likebeaver(海狸)dams,mayalsoresultfromindirectlearning.Somescientistssaythatcertainhumantraditionscouldbepasseddownsimilarly,althoughthisisnotsure.Beeskeepsurprisingus;ithasbeenobservedthatbumblebees(大黄蜂)learnfromolderbees,challengingtheideathatsuchlearningisuniquetohumans.Perhapsbeesdeserverecognitionastoparchitectstoo!1.WhatdidtheteamofVivianaDiPietrofind?A.Cultureisonlyfoundinhumansocieties.B.Beesbuildmoreefficientlythanhumans.C.Beesexhibitvariedconstructiontraditions.D.Animalbehaviorscomefromdirectteaching.2.WhatwasthetraditionalviewofcultureaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Inheritedthroughgenetictraits. B.Learnedfromindividualinteractions.C.Passeddownthroughwrittenrecords. D.Developedfromenvironmentalfactors.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Beeschallengehumanuniquenessinlearning.B.Beescannotcommunicatewitheachotheratall.C.Animalbehaviorsaremostlynaturaloccuring.D.Humantraditionscanbedirectlytaughttoothers.4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheSecretLivesofBees B.TheIntelligenceofBeesC.TheCulturalArchitectureofBees D.TheComplexityofInsectStructures【说明文选标题专练08】（24-25高三上·广东潮州·阶段练习）Whatifthesecrettounlockingyourchild’scognitive(认知的)potentialwasassimpleasa10-secondstretch?Doesitsoundtoogoodtobetrue?Anewstudy’sfindingsshowedthatquick,low-intensityactivitiescouldbeavaluabletoolforenhancingkids’cognitivefunctionandpotentiallyimprovinglearninginschoolsettings.Thestudy,ledbyTakashiNaitoandcoworkers,focusesonapartofthebraincalledtheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Thisarea,locatedatthefrontofthebrain,iscrucialformanyimportantmentaltasks.Aschildrengrow,theirPFCcontinuestodevelop.Whilepreviousstudieshaveshownthatmoderate(中度的)tointenseexercisecanimprovebrainfunction,researcherswerecognizantoflessabouttheeffectsoflight,easyactivities-thekindthatcouldbedonequicklyinaclassroomorduringshortbreaks.Sothisstudyaimed’tofillthatgapbyexamininghowsimpleexerciseaffectsbloodflowinthePFCofchildren.Theresearchersinvited41childrenbetweentheagesof10and15toparticipateinthestudy.Thesekidsperformedsevendifferenttypesoflightexercise,eachlastingeither10or20seconds.Theexerciseincludedthingslikestretching,handmovements,andbalancingononeleg.Then,theresearchersusedatechniquecalledfunctionalnear-infraredspectroscopy(NIRS)todetectchangesinbloodflowinthebrain,whichcanindicateincreasedbrainactivity.TheirfindingssuggestedthatevenshortburstsoflightactivitycanwakeupthePFCinchildren.Thiscouldpotentiallyleadtoimprovedfocus,betterdecision-making,andenhancelearningabilities.However,theresearchfocusedonlyonchildrenaged10-15,leavingquestionsaboutitsapplicabilitytoyoungerchildrenoradults.Thesamplesizeof41participants,whileprovidingvaluabledata,mayaffectthegenera