小学英语辅导语法

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载第一章名词（Noun）名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如apieceofbread(一片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：twopiecesofbread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1.一般情况下在词尾加

s.词尾读音shopshops(商店)在清辅音后读[s]bagbags(书包)在浊辅音后读[z]windowwindows(窗户)在元音后读[z]2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加es。classclasses(班级)词尾读音[iz]boxboxes(盒子)matchmatches(比赛)brushbrushes(刷子)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i加es.storystories(故事)词尾读音[iz]4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加skeykeysmonkeymonkeys词尾读音[z]5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomatotomatoes(西红柿)potatopotatoes(土豆)zoozoos(动物园)photophotos(照片)词尾读音[z]*（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，头顶一个大芒果（mango）。6.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为ves.leafleaves(树叶)knifeknives(小刀)词尾读音[vz]*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe变ves的单词）口诀：2妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加“s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例：roofroofs(屋顶)7.不规则名词复数的变化manmen(男人)toothteeth(牙齿)childchildren(儿童)mousemice(老鼠)footfeet(脚)womanwomen(女人)8.名词单复数形式一样sheepsheep(绵羊)deer--deer（鹿）EnglishEnglish（英国人）ChineseChinese（中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法1.主要是在词尾加’s构成。如:ThisisTom’sdesk.这是汤姆的书桌。ThatisMike’sbook.那是迈克的书。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾s,则仅加一个’.如:theteachers’readingroom教师阅览室thepupils’pencil-boxes学生们的文具盒3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上’s。如：thechildren’spalace少年宫men’sroom男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。3名词练习题写出下列名词的复数形式1.computer____________2.apple____________3.city______________4.house_____________5.sheep_____________6.watch______________7.tomato_____________8.child_____________9.tooth________10.foot______________11.wife_____________12.potato____________13.play_____________14.day____________15.glass______________16.radio______________17.zoo______________18.life______________19.story_____________20.leaf_____________21.baby_____________22.dress_____________23.butterfly___________24.deer_________25.class_____________26.brush_____________27.key_____________28.English____________29.mouse____________30.man_____________二、汉译英1．Tom的足球_________________2.老师们的自行车_________________3．学生们的课桌_________________4.哥哥的文具盒_________________5．姑姑的卡片_________________6.猴子们的香蕉_________________7．蚂蚁们的早餐_________________8.妈妈的包_________________9．姐姐的连衣裙_________________10女孩们的苹果_________________三、把下列句子翻译成英文1．这些是Peter的篮球吗？________________________________________2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？___________________________________________3．有一些书在Sam的课桌上。________________________________________4．有一些孩子们在教室里。___________________________________________四、改错（圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.Therearesomebutterflysonthetable.________________________2.ThisisAlicedress.______________________3.Iliketomatoverymuch.__________________五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1．Thisdogisbrown.___________________________________________________2.Thereisabookandapenonthetable.___________________________________________________3.Thatwomanisateacher.___________________________________________________4第二章代词一、人称代词1．人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：数人称主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hesheithimherit复数第一人称Weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。Sheissittinginabus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。Thispenisbad.Ican’twritewithit.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。单数代词：youandI;youandhe;heandI;you,heandI.复数代词：weandthey;weandyou;youandthey;we,youandthey第三人称单数代词：heandshe*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词例，Whosecoatisthis?这是谁的上衣?It’shers.是她的。hers=hercoat*关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，myyourhisheritsourtheir不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的

“mine”外，其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“**自己”。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesIcandoitbymyself.我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f四、指示代词This(这个)these(这些)指近处的事物That(那个)those(那些)指远处的事物例，Thisisabook.这是本书。Thesearesomebooks.这些是书。Thatisacar.那是辆小汽车。Thosearesomecars.那些是小汽车。代词练习题根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。Maryisafriendof______________.(I)Thisis________(she)ruler.________(I)isinthebag.Herbrotheristooyoungtolookafter_________(he)Thisis_________(I)book.Thisbookis_________(I).Thesepensare_________(we).二、填写下列表格。人称代词我我们你，你们他她它他们主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词三、改写下列句子Eg,Thisismybook.Thebookismine.Thatisherruler._________________________________Thesearetheirfootballs.__________________________________Thisismybackpack.____________________________________Thoseareyourboxes.____________________________________四、把下列句子改写成复数。1.Thisisabutterfly.____________________________________________2.Thatisabus.________________________________________________3.Itisamouse.________________________________________________五、改错。1.Thisisminelamp.___________________________________________2.Theseareoursbooks.____________________________________________3.Thataretheirteacher.___________________________________________4.Thehouseismybrother.________________________5.Hehasvisitedmanycountry.______________________6.TheyareChineses.______________________________7.ThisisTomredbike.____________________________第三章数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。最基本的基数词如下表所示：1~1011~1920~1001one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten100onehundred*基数词的写法：21~99的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例：21twenty-one32thirty-two99ninety–nine百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。例：101ahundredandone.320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eight2．序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例，four+thfourthsix+thsixthseven+thseventhten+thtenth2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，onefirsttwosecondthreethirdfivefiftheighteighthnineninthtwelvetwelfth3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i，然后在加eth.例，twentytwentieththirtythirtiethfortyfortiethninetyninetieth两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty–onetwenty-firstthirty-fivethirty-fifthahundredandfifty-threeahundredandfifty-third*基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth,sixth）一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母st,nd,rd；（first，second，third）八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i;th前面有个e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如adesk,atree;an用在元音因素之前，如anapple,anhour,anEnglishbook.不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。Sheisateacher.That’sanorange.定冠词the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。Thisisabus.Thebusisbig.不用冠词的情况：专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese,English,Jim等。名词前已经有this,that,my,your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，thatmouse(那只老鼠)3)一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，athome在家gotoschool去上学*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。1)at____home2)goto_____bed3)goto_____school4)catch______badcold5)have_____goodtime6)______redapple7)_____Englishbook8)______spoon9)_____orange10)______melon11)_______eraser二、选择填空1.Thereis_____“m”intheword“primary”anB.aC.theD./2.Thisis____orangebike.A.aB.anC.theD/3.Italwaystakesushalf_____hourtohave____longwalkaftersupper.A.a,aB,a,theC.an,aD.an,the4.Englishis____usefullanguagein____world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,/D./,the5.Wearegoingto_____cinemathisevening.A.theB./C/aD.an6.He’sstandingon_____othersideof_____river.A.a,aB.the,theC.the,aD.a,the7._____potatoisavegetable,not____fruit.A.The,anB.The,aC.A,theD.An,/8.Hewas_____firsttocome.A.TheB.aC.theD./9.Doyousee____bookon_____table?A.the,aB.a,anC.an,anD.a,the10.Where’s_____desk?It’sin____middleoftheroom.A./,/B./,aC.a,/D.the,the11.Heis_____friendofmine.A.anB./C.theD.a12.Thereis____universitynearthefarm.A.aB.anC.theD./13.Hediedin____autumnof1989.A./B.theC.aD.an14.Ihave____book.It’s_____interestingone.Ilikereading____booksverymuch.A.a,an,/B.a,/,theC.an,an,theD./,an,/15.Todayis_____Children’sDay.A.aB.anC.theD/16.Thisis_____bag.Thatis____eraser.A.a,aB.a,anC.an,aD.an,an四、用代词填空:1._____,_____and____areallgoodfriends.A.We,you,theyB.You,they,weC.We,they,youD.They,you,we2.____classroomisbig,but____ismuchbiggerthan_____.A.We,they,usB.Our,their,ourC.Our,theirs,oursD.Our,theirs,we3.Shelost____pen.Willyoulendher____?A.her,yoursB.his,yourC.hers,youD.their,yourself4.“Whatareyoudoing?”“Iamlookingat_____inthemirror?”A.meB.myselfC.itselfD.himself5.____,____and_____allenjoymusic.A.She,you,IB.I,she,youC.You,she,ID.I,you,she第四章形容词和副词形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2．形容词加er的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er；⑵以字母e结尾，加r；⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。3．不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1．形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better,far-farther)练习题一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old__________young________tall_______long________short________strong________big________small_______fat_________thin__________heavy______light________nice_________good_________beautiful__________________low__________high_________slow_______fast________late__________early_________far_________well_______二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.8.________Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_____.9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.10.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..11.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?12.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?13._____thegirlsgetup_______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.14.Jimruns_____(slow).ButBenruns_____(slow).15.Thechilddoesn’t______(write)as____(fast)asthestudents.三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。________is_________thanJim？________are2、谁比David更强壮？是GaoShan._________________thanDavid?GaoShan________.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？_________pencilis_________,______or________？4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_________apples________________,your_______oryour_______?My_______________________.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_________________as_________asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He_______as__________as________________Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。________________as_________as______twin_______?No,__________________thanhim.8.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLing________to_______________thanSuYangeveryday.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。I_________as_______asMike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。____Tom__________thanyou?No,he_______.He_____as_____as_____.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。________moreexercise,you’ll_________________soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I______________atScience.ButIdon’t_________wellinChinese.13.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。____you_______thekite_____thanWangbing?No,I______it_____than___.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike_______.Allmy____________________thanme.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My__________up_____thanme.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。____thegirls__________________theboys?Yes,they____.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。Shedoesn’t_________inPE.ButIdon’t___________than_____.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。___you____football_____thanyourclassmates?No,they____as____asme.19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My________________thanmy______.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。_____sweater_____as_______as_____.21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。Mydress_____too_____.Iwantto_____a______one.22.I'mtallerthanMike.(该成用原级的比较)I'm_________as________asMike.第五章一般现在时态一、一般现在时的定义一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。二、一般现在时的结构一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s或-es。现在以连系动词be和行为动词read为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明：动词肯定句否定句beIam…Iamnot…You/We/Theyare…You/We/Theyarenot…He/She/Itis...He/She/Itisnot…readI/We/You/Theyread…I/We/You/They/donotread…He/She/Itreads…He/She/Itdoesnotread…动词疑问句简略答语（肯定）简略答语（否定）beAmI…?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areyou…?Yes,Iam/weare.No,Iam/wearenot.Arewe…?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youarenot.Arethey…?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Ishe…?Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Isshe…?Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Isit…?Yes,itis.No,itisnot.readDoI/we/theyread…?Yes,you/we/theydo.No,you/we/theydonot.Doeshe/she/itread…?Yes,he/she/itdoes.No,he/she/itdoesnot.连系动词be的各种形式常与代词或not缩写成一个词。助动词do，does一般只有与not缩写。联系动词be缩写形式如下肯定缩写否定缩写IamI’mIamnotI’mnotYouareYou’reYouarenotYou’renot/Youaren’tHeisHe’sHeisnotHe’snot/Heisn’tSheisShe’sSheisnotShe’snot/Sheisn’tItisIt’sItisnotIt’snot/Itisn’tWeareWe’reWearenotWe’renot/Wearen’tTheyareThey’reTheyarenotThey’renot/Theyaren’t动词donot的缩写形式为don’t，doesnot的缩写形式为doesn’t。动词加-s或-es（动词第三人称单数）当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es一般在词尾加–s例：work—worksleaveleavesswimswims以字母s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的词加-es例：passpassesfixfixesteachteachesdodoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i再加-es例：studystudiescarrycarriesflyfliescrycries一般现在时的用法表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often（经常）,always（总是）,sometimes（有时）,everyday（每天）,onSundays/Mondays等表示频度的时间状语连用。一般现在时的时间状语有：today,often,sometimes,always,usually,everyday(week,month,year,…),thisyear,onceaweek(month,year,…)一周（月，年）一次例句：Igetupat6o’clockeveryday.Heoftengoestoschoolbybike.表示客观事实，普遍真理。例句：Twoandtwoarefour.二加二等于四。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时态专项练习写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式posteatstopjumpgolikevisitpassrisereadkidehavegivewriteswimstudywatchflyteachdo单项选择()1._____youhaveabook?ADoB.AreC.IsD.Have()2.DoesLiLeiliketowatchTV?______________.A.Yes,helike.B.No,hedoesn’t.C.Yes,he’dlike.D.No,helikes.()3.Shedoesn’t______herhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doingB.todoC.doesD.do()4.How____Mr.Smith______toEngland?A.do,goB.is,goC.does,goD.does,goes()5._____she______homeatsixeveryday?A.Is,leaveB.Does,leaveC.Is,leavesD.Does,left用下列动词的适当形式填空1.I______(get)upat6o’clockeveryday.2.Myfather______(have)alovelydog.3.He______(go)toschoolonfoot.4.She______(do)notlikewatchingTV.5.They______(play)footballeverySundayafternoon.按要求完成下列各题1.TomorrowisSaturday.(变成一般疑问句)_________________Saturday?2.Doesheplaybasketballeveryweekend?(肯定回答)Yes,_____________.3.Shelookslikehersister.(变一般疑问句)_____she______likehersister?4.PeterandSamlookthesame.(一般疑问句)______they_____thesame?5.Dotheyalwaysgotothemovie(电影院)onSundays?(否定回答)No,______________.五、英汉互译Tom经常放学后（afterschool）踢足球。__________________________________我喜欢唱歌。__________________________________Heoftengoestoschoolonfoot.__________________________________Childrenliketoplaythisgame.__________________________________今天是星期日。__________________________________第六章现在进行时态现在进行时的定义现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“系动词（am，is，are）+现在分词（动词加-ing形式）”构成。现在以动词work为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明：肯定句否定句Iamworking.Iamnotworking.Youareworking.Youarenotworking.He/She/Itisworking.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyareworking.We/You/Theyarenotworking.疑问句简略答语AmIworking?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areweworking?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youaren’t.Areyouworking?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,weare.No,wearenot.Ishe/sheitworking?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/she/itisnot.Aretheyworking?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.现在分词的构成一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。staystayingdodoinglistenlistening以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。makemakingrideridinggivegiving以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。putputtingsitsittingrunrunning现在进行时的用法表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作，常和下列时间状语连用：now,atthismoment,atpresent,thesedays(years),thisterm…有时也与look,listen等连用。例句：Look,whatarethemonkeyseating?看，那些猴子在吃什么？表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作。例句：Theyarerunningandjumpingallthetime.他们一直在跑啊跳啊。现在进行时态专项练习写出下列动词的现在分词形式stay__________do__________listen__________suffer__________refuse__________close__________operate_________die_________work________spend_________look_________make__________put__________sit__________run__________tie__________take_________give_________ride_________please_________win_________begin_________open_________lie_________用所给动词的适当形式填空MaryandLucyare________(dance)now.Listen!Someoneis_______(play)thepianointhenextroom.Heis__________(sweep)theflooratthemoment.Look!Thecat________________(eat)thefishonthetable.A:______you_______(study)French?B:Yes,Iam.Sheoften____________(dance)afterschool.Myfatherandmother____________(swim)inthepond.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthegarden.Weare__________(watch)TVnow.Bequiet!Thebaby___________(sleep)now.三.改错Wearecleanningourclassroom.______________________________Sheissinginthenextroom.______________________________Whatamyoudoing?______________________________MaryiscomeingbackfromBeijing.______________________________HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.______________________________Theyisreadingbooksnow.______________________________Mybrotherisplaystheguitarnow._______________________________Sallyisdanceingintheroom._______________________________IwatchingTVathomenow.________________________________Doyoulisteningtheradionow?________________________________四.英汉互译他正在教室里做作业。______________________________________________WearereadingEnglishnow.______________________________________________Peter和Billy正在操场上（intheplayground）打篮球。______________________________________________Look!Abirdisflyinginthesky.______________________________________________公共汽车来了。______________________________________________刘先生经常在周日的时候（onSundays）看英语书。______________________________________________Heisn’tplayinggames.Heisstudying.______________________________________________孩子们在摘（pick）苹果。______________________________________________Thatsonofyoursisalwaysmakingtroubles(捣乱).______________________________________________10.你们正在做什么?____________________________________________________第七章.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：lastyear,yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often,always等频率副词连用。例如：①Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。

②LiMeialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年李梅总是步行上学。II.一般过去时的构成我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。动词过去式的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,come-came,take-took,have(has)-had,do(does)-did,write-wrote,see-saw,等。III.一般过去时的几种句型肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。否定句结构为：主语+didnot(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：Hedidn'tgotothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天没去玩具店。一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语＋动词原形＋其它。如：1)-DidyougotoBeijinglastweek?

-Yes,wedid.(No,wedidn't.)2)-Didyoumeetthebusinessmanbefore?-No,Ididn't.(Yes,Idid.)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词＋did+主语＋动词原形＋其它。如：1)-Whatdidyoudolastnight?-Ididmyhomework.2)-Wheredidyougolastweek?-IwenttoShanghaiwithmyparents.★含有be动词的句子，将be动词变为过去式。am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were：

Iwasatthebutcher's.

Youwereastudentayearago.

Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首

Wereyouatthebutcher's?

Wereyouastudentayearago?

Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?★变否定句在be动词后面加not

Iwasnotatthebutcher's.

Youwerenotastudentayearago.

Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答

Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasnot.

Yes,youwere./No,youwerenot.

Yes,he/shewas./No,he/shewasnot.★特殊疑问句

Whatdidyoudo?（必背）不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式：

Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.

Theboywenttoarestaurant.

TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.★变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型

Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?

Didtheboygotoarestaurant?

DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnot

Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.

Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.

TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.

Yes,hedid./No,hedidn't.

Yes,theydid./No,theydidnot.附：一般过去时口诀一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否定句很简单，didn't站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。练习题1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_________.3.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook.4.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.5.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.6.When________you_________(write)thissong?I__________(write)itlastyear.7.Myfriend,Carol,________(study)forthemathtestand________(practice)Englishlastnight.8.________Mr.Li__________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_________.9.How_________(be)Jim'sweekend?It_________(benot)bad.10.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she__________.II.翻译下列句子1.我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。______________________________________excitingweekend.2.Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本地理方面的书籍。Jennylikes_____________.She_______abook______________lastnight.3.Emma每天都练习弹吉他。可是昨天他没有练习。Emma__________theguitareveryday.Buthe____________________yesterday.4.上周六他们做什么了？What________they__________________Saturday?第八章一般将来时一.意义:

表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening……

二.构成及变化

一般将来时常用的两种结构

begoingto+动词原形:表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。

shall／will+动词原形:表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性,还用来表示意愿

1.begoingto+动词原形

1.肯定句

主语+

be(am/,is,/are)goingto+动词原形+其它成份

MysisterisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.我姐姐准备明年学英语。

2.否定句

主语+be（am/is/are）not

goingto+动词原形+其它成份

Iamnotgoingto（goto）thecinematonight.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。

3.一般疑问句Be(am/is/are)+主语+goingto+动词原型+其它成份…?

Isyourfathergoingtoplaybasketballwithyou?No,heisn’t.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。

4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句?

WhereareyougoingtospendSpringFesital.?春节你打算在哪过？

5.注意:begoingto结构后面习惯上不跟go，come等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如:He’sgoingtoNewYorknextweek.下周他要去纽约.

2.will/shall+动词原形

（在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will）

1.肯定句

主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份

I(shall)writetohimnextweek.下周我将给他写信。

2.否定句

主语+will/shall+not+动词原形+其它成份

Theywon’twatchTVthisevening.今天晚上他们不看电视。

3.一般疑问句will/shall+主语+动词原形+其它成份

Willyoustayathomewithustomorrow？明天你和我们呆在家里好吗？

4.特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句

Whenwillyourfatherbeback?你爸爸什么时侯回来？

附:

ShallI/we…常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Willyou…?他们的回答比较灵活。

1．Shallwegotothepark?

肯定Sure,let’sgo.

否定No,let’sgotothecinema.

2.

Willyoupleasecometomybirthdaypartynextweek?

肯定Yes,Iwill./Sure.

否定I’msorry.I’mafraidIcan’t.练习题1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_______you___________________meet?改句子。5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancy________goingtogocamping.6.I'llgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_______go______jointhem.7.I'mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）_______________she_________________________afterschool?用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________（have）apicnicthisafternoon.2.Mybrother_______________（go）toShanghainextweek.3.Tomoften______________（go）toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________（go）toschoolbybike.4.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually__________（watch）TVand____________（catch）insects?5.It'sFridaytoday.What_____she_________（do）thisweekend?She______________（watch）TVand_____________（catch）insects.6.What___________（d0）youdolastSunday?I____________（pick）applesonafarm.Whatareyou______________（do）nextSunday?I______________（m