名师原创：Unitt1-单元考点精讲（二）

PAGEPAGE15名师原创：Unitt1单元考点精讲（二）●词汇精讲1.challengen.挑战；v.向--挑战;对..质疑【原句再现】Challengeslikethismightsometimesputyouunderpressure.【词块积累】challengingadj.有挑战性的respondto/facethechallenge回应/面对挑战accept/takeupthechallenge接受挑战challengeaview质疑某个观点【精品例句】Lifeisfilledwithchallenges.生活充满挑战Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess.我要他跟我下一盘棋Thejobdoesn’treallychallengeher这项工作对她并不难"Challengeyourself--gohikingintheGobiDesert!'挑战自己!到戈壁沙漠徒步旅行去!【考点训练】翻译下列句子政府将不得不面对失业率上升的挑战(Thegovernmentwillhavetomeettothechallengeofrisingunemployment.)他们向他发出挑战，说他不可能在一小时内洗40辆车(Theythrewdownthechallengethathecouldn'twash40carsinonehour)2.selectv.(经过认真思考而)挑选;选择;选拔【原句再现】Asamemberoftheschoolvolleyballteam,Iwasselectedtheend-of-yearcompetition.【词块积累】selection可选之人或物;选集selectiveadj.慎重选择的;精挑细选的makeaselection作出选择selectsb./sth.forsth.selectsb/sthtodosthselectsb/sthassthSelectionsFromCharlesDickens《狄更斯选集》辨析：select,choose,pick三者都有“选择”之意。select指“精选”，是从同类的许多事物或人中仔细辨别后选出最合适的；choose泛指选择，可不带宾语；pick表示挑出一个或数个最佳者，通常所指的事项不很重大，是不太正式的用词【精品例句】Pleaseselectafewnicestrawberriesforyoursister.请给你妹妹精心挑选一些好的草莓.Weofferawiderangeofholidaystochoosefrom.我们有各种旅游度假方式可供选择。Shepickedapieceofcakeforherself.她为自己挑了一块蛋糕【高考链接】He'stheonlystudentintheclassthathasbeenselectedtotakepartintheModelUnitedNationsconference.(湖北卷.语法填空)【考点训练】翻译下列句子他挑了一部手机自用(Heselectedamobilephoneforpersonaluse.)他希望入选国家队(Hehadhopesofbeingselectedforthenationalteam.)李先生被评为年度最佳教师。(Mr.LiwasselectedastheBestTeacheroftheYear.)你可以从多种交通工具中进行选择(Youcanchoosefromawiderangeofvehicles.)3.particularadj.(只用于名词前)特定的;特别的;讲究的;挑剔的【原句再现】Isthereanythingelseinparticularthatyou’dliketosharewithus?【词块积累】particularlyadv.特别，尤其inparticular尤其，特别aparticularcustomer挑剔的顾客beparticularabout/oversth./sb.对…过分挑剔/讲究【精品例句】Heisalwaysparticularabouthisclothes.他总是对衣服过分讲究Thegiantpandaeatsonlyoneparticulartypeofbamboo.大熊猫只吃一种竹子Ihavenothingparticulartodothisevening.今晚我没有什么特别的事要做Wemustpayparticularattentiontothispoint.我们必须要特别注意这一点Thecoconutisparticulartothetropics.椰子是热带特有的【高考链接】Parentsandcoachesinparticularshouldactasbetterexamplesforchildren.(上海卷.语法填空)Shehasalreadytriedherbest.Pleasedon'tbetooparticular________herjob.(江西卷.完型)(about/over)【考点训练】翻译下列句子她很在意自己的外表(Sheisveryparticularabout/overherappearance.)这个周末你有什么特别的安排吗?(Areyoudoinganythinginparticularthisweekend?)这本词典对初学者特别有用(Thedictionaryisparticularlyusefulforbeginners.)4.confidentadj.有信心的，自信的【原句再现】WiththeEnglishteacher’ssupport,hethoughtseniorhighschoolwaseasyandfeltconfidentabouthisfuture.【词块积累】confidently.adv.自信地；confidence.n.信心beconfidentof/aboutsth./doingsthbeconfidentthat…信任have/loseconfidencetodosth.对做某事有/失去信心haveconfidenceinsb./sth.信任某人/某事物withconfidence自信地；肯定地【精品例句】Ifeelconfidentof/about/intheinterview.我对面试充满信心Weareconfidentof/about/infinishingtheprojectaheadofschedule.我们对提前完成这项工程有信心Comparedwiththem,we’remoreconfidentofsuccess.与他们相比，我们对成功更有信心Weareconfidentthatnextyear’sprofitswillbehigher.我们有把握明年获取更高利润【高考链接】Thelittlegirlwalked____(confident)ontothestage,readyforherfirstspeech.(湖北卷.语法填空)(confidently)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当的介词或用括号内词的适当形式填空Weshouldnotmindwhatotherssaysolongasweareconfident___whatwehavedone.(of/about/in)Therewasa____(confidence)smileonherfacethen.(confident)5.referto提到，谈到；查阅，参考；指的是【原句再现】Refertotheinterviewforideas【词块积累】referencen.提及,涉及;参考;推荐信;推荐人in/withreferenceto关于;根据.而论refer…to…把…委托给…【精品例句】Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.那位科学家在演讲中至少3次提到了全球气候变暖。Mycolleaguesaidthatasthesituationwasunusualhewouldreferthemattertohiseditor.我同事说由于情况非同寻常,他会把这个问题交给他的编辑处理。Inreferencetoyourquestionaboutcost,theticketsforthefilmare50yuaneach.关于你询问的价格，那部电影的票价是每张50元。【高考链接】WhilegivingtheEnglishspeech,oneisnotallowedtorefertothenotes.(天津卷.阅读篇)Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout______hisnotes.(山东卷.完型)A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon(B)You'dbetterwritedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuture(江西卷.完型)A.purposeB.referenceC.progressD.memory(B)Hereisamemoforyourreferencewhenyouanswerthephones.(福建卷.阅读篇)Theword“business”alsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesgoodsandservices.(全国卷.阅读篇)【考点训练】翻译下列句子查一下词典看看拼写是否正确(Pleaserefertoadictionarytocheckthespelling.)千万别提起他的病(Avoidmakinganyreferencetohisillness.)6.give…ahand帮助某人，向某人伸出援助之手【原句再现】So,giveyourfriendsahandwhentheyneedit.【精品例句】Weallshouldgivethedisabledahandwhenevertheyneedus.每当残疾人需要我们的时候，我们都应该伸出援助之手Givingothersahandmeanshelpingoneself.帮助别人就意味着帮助自己25.raten.速度;比率:价格;费用;v.|不用于进行时]对…评估;对…评价;给划分等级【原句再现】Aftercompletingthisunit,Icanratemyperformanceinsomeways.【词块积累】ahighrateofunemployment高失业率besoldatahighrate以高价出售atanyrate无论如何(anyway)atthis/thatrate这样/那样的话:【精品例句】Ourmoneywasrunningoutatanalarmingrate.我们的钱正在以惊人的速度消耗殆尽Theuniversityishighlyratedforitsresearch.这所大学因其研究工作而受到高度评价。Theshowwasratedasagreatsuccessbycritics.评论家认为这场演出是一次巨大的成功。【高考链接】Whenstudentsratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.(北京卷.完型)Thecarisrunningata_______ofeightykilometersanhour.(陕西卷.阅读篇)(rate/speed)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当介词_______anyrate,themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.(At)Ifyougoon_______thatrate,youwilldamageyourhealth.(at)7.forwardadj.前面的，前部的，向前的；adv.向前，提前地【原句再现】I’mlookingforwardtoit【词块积累】lookforwardtosth./doingsth.希望/期待某事/做某事【精品例句】Lookingforwardtothefuture,wehopetoexpandouroverseasbranches.展望未来，我们希望扩展海外的分支机构Theylookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.他们期待不久收到你的来信【高考链接】Welookforwardto___(see)youagain.(全国卷.语法填空)(seeing)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Helookedforward___returningtohishomeland.Thesechildrenarelookingforwardto____(visit)theSummerPalace.(visiting)8.argue争论v，争辩【原句再现】Argueabouttheweek’shottesttopicswiththeschool’ssharpestminds!【词块积累】argumentn.争论，辩论；论证；论据;理由;论点arguewithsb.about/over…=haveanargumentwithsb.about/over…就某事与某人争论/辩论/争吵withoutargument无可争辩arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事arguefor/againststh./doingsth.为支持（赞成）/反对….而争论itisbeyondargumentthat..是无可争辩的【精品例句】Dotheyoftenarguewitheachotheraboutthetimeandplaceofameeting?他们经常为会议的时间和地点相互争吵吗？Shearguedfor/againstcuttingthebudget.她据理主张/反对削减预算Settlethequestionbyargument,notbyfighting.解决这个问题要靠说理，而不是靠打架【高考链接】Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.有些人论证说有天赋的孩子应该被分在专门的班级里(广东卷.阅读篇)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式Myparentswere_____ahugeargument,andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.(in)Weallfoundhis________(argue)convincingandinteresting.(argument)9.debaten/v讨论；辩论;与…辩论；反复考虑;斟酌【原句再现】JointheDebateClub!【词块积累】open/closeadebatedebate(sth)withsbopen/closeadebate开始/终止辩论underdebate在讨论/辩论中debate+wh-从句/wh-todo【精品例句】Theydebatethequestionopenly.他们公开辩论这个问题Wedebatedforanhourontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhisplan.我们花了一个小时讨论他的计划的利与弊Wemustdebatethequestionwiththerestofthemembers.我们必须和其他成员讨论这个问题Scientistsaredebatingwhetherit’simportanttoinventthiskindofrobot..科学家们正在讨论发明这种机器人是否重要Thereisafiercedebateoverthequestionwhethertheexperimentshouldbeallowed.在是否进行这个实验的问题上展开了激烈的争论。【高考链接】ThisChristmasIwasdebatingwhattogivemyfather.(湖南卷.完型)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）Scientistsdebatewiththeofficials____howtorebuildthedestroyedbridge.(about/over/on)10.exchange.n.交换，交流；兑换；外汇；交易所.v.交换；交流；兑换【原句再现】Aftercompletingthisunit,Icanexchangeideas(withothers).【词块积累】anexchangestudent交换生foreignexchange外汇anexchangerate汇率NewYorkStockExchange纽约证券交易所inexchangefor…作为交换（和…交换）exchange…for…以…换…exchange…with…与/和…交换【精品例句】Wemustpromoteanexchangeofideasandinformation.我们必须促进思想和信息的交流。Wouldyoulikethisoldwatchinexchangeforyourcamera?你愿意用这块旧手表换你的相机吗？Beforegraduation,weexchangegiftswitheachother.毕业前夕，我们互赠礼物Wecanexchangeourcurrencyfordollarshere我们可以在这把钱兑换成美元【高考链接】Itisillegalforapublicofficialtoaskpeopleforgiftsormoneyinexchange____favorstothem.（湖北考卷.完型）A.withB.toC.forD.in(C)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当的介词IamteachingaforeignerChineseinexchange______herteachingmeEnglish.(for)WherecanIexchangemydollars_________pounds?(for)Weexchangeopinions________theexpertsonthismatter.(with)11.asif/though(其后的从句常用过去时表示拟语气,但如果事情真有可能发生时也不用虚拟语气)好像;似乎【原句再现】Ifeelasifhighschoolwasonlyyesterday.【精品例句】Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.整个事情我都记得很清楚,就像发生在昨天一样HespeaksEnglishperfectlyasifIthoughhehadlivedinEnglandformanyyears.他英语讲得很好，好像他在英国生活了很多年似的Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看样子好像要下雨(可能真会下雨)【高考链接】ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI______(do)it?(重庆卷.语法填空)(haddone)【考点训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式HetalksaboutRomeasifhe_______(be)before.(hadbeen)Themanactsasifhe_____(be)afool.(was)Shelistenedattentivelyasifshe_____(turn)intoastone.(hadbeenturned)12.dependon/upon依靠，依赖；指望；由…决定;取决于..:【原句再现】Butitalldependsonwhatyoudo.【词块积累】dependent(=reliable)adj.依靠的，依赖的；由…决定的，反义词是independent.dependencen.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖dependon/uponsb.doingsth.=dependon/uponsb.todosth.指望某人做某事It/That(all)depends.那的看情况/看情况而定dependon/uponit毫无疑问【精品例句】Wedependon/uponenergytodomanythingsinourdailylives.在日常生活中，我们做很多事都离不开能源Wedependon/uponhimfinishingthejobthisweekend.我们指望他这个周末能完成工作。Dependon/uponit,weshallsolvetheproblematlast请相信，我们最终会解决这个问题。Youcandependon/uponJane--shealwayskeepsherpromises.你可以信赖简，她总是信守诺言Thefutureofspaceresearchdependsonhowmuchmoneywehave.太空研究的未来取决于我们的经济实力Successisdependentonyoureffortsandability.成功取决于你的努力和能力【高考链接】--Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?--.__________.Iftimepermits,ImaygotoShanghaiwithmyfriends.(福建卷.单选)A.Don'tmentionitB.Itdoesn'tmatterC.ForgetitD.Itdepends(D)Thejourneytakesabouttwohours,________ontraffic.(上海卷.语法填空)(depending)Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon’tlearntodependonourselves.(上海卷.完型)Don'talwaysdepend_____others.Youshouldlearntorelyonyourself.(on/upon)【考点训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式Heishismother's_____________(depend).(dependence)I'llneverbe___________(depend)onanyoneagain.(dependent)--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon’tknow.Itall_________(dependence).(depends)13.makethemostof…充分利用…【原句再现】“Thatway,you’llmakethemostofyourtimeatseniorhigh.”【词块积累】联想同意词组：makethebest(use)of…makefull/gooduseof…takefulladvantageof…getthemostof…【精品例句】Ihopeyouwillallmakethemostofthischancetoshareinformationandopinions.我希望你们大家都充分利用这个机会分享信息，交流意见Weshouldmakegooduseofthesematerialstobuildasmallhouse.我们应该充分利用这些材料建一座小房子【高考链接】Ifyoutakefulladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwillbeabletodevelopyourskillsasacriticalthinker.(北京卷.完型)【考点训练】翻译下列句子这个女孩儿正在充分利用网络挣钱(ThegirlismakingthemostoftheInternettoearnmoney.)我们应该充分利用闲暇时间提高我们的英语水平(WeshouldtakefulladvantageofsparetimetoimproveourEnglish.)14.putsb.underpressure给某人施加压力【原句再现】Challengeslikethismightsometimesputyouunderpressure.【词块积累】pressn./v.按;压;挤；出版社，印刷厂；催促,逼迫pressuren.压力airpressurebloodpressureatmosphericpressurethepress报刊新闻业;出版界thelocalpress当地报刊thefreedomofthepress新闻自由putpressureonsb.=putsb.underpressure.presson(不顾困难)继续进行【精品例句】TangWanmarriedwiththeforeignerbecauseofthepressureofherparents.迫于父母压力唐婉和那个外国人结婚了TheseGermansputpressureontheirgovernmentconstantlyfortheirrights.这些德国人为了他们的权利不断向政府施加压力Pressedbyhisfamily,thegirldecidedtoseizetheopportunity.在朋友和家人的催促下，我决定抓住机会Thenurseappliedpressuretohisarmtostopthebleeding.护士用力按住他的手臂来止血Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedalandthecarleaptforwards.她猛踩油门，车向前冲去。【高考链接】Iknowstudyingisveryimportant,butmyparentsputtoomuchpressureonme.(浙江卷.完型)Lifeistoughinthecity.Inordertolosetheir,somepeopledrinkalcohol.（全国卷.完型）A.temperB.moodC.consciousnessD.pressures(D)He_______________(按下)thebuttonandthedoorbellrang.(全国卷.完成句子)(pressed/pushed)【考点训练】翻译下列句子有些人在有压力时工作表现会更好(Somepeopleworkbetterunderpressure.)(他按铃叫秘书)Hepressedthebelltocallhissecretary.她把脸贴在窗上(Shepressedherfaceagainstthewindow.)15.keepanopenmind不抱成见，持谦虚态度，持开放心态【原句再现】Justkeepanopenmindandtakepartinasmuchaspossible【精品例句】Pleasekeepanopenmindandshareyoursuggestionswithothers.16.dealn.买卖，交易；协议v.买卖，经营；谈及；处理；对付；相处【词块积累】agreat/gooddeal许多，大量agreat/gooddealof…（后接不可数名词）许多的…,大量的…agreat/gooddealofmoney/time/water…dealwith处理；应付；对付；相处；与…打交道/做生意；涉及/论及辨析:dealwith和dowith相同点：都有“”的意思，一般可以换用，例如：，Thisproblemisdifficulttodealwith.=Thisproblemisdifficulttodowith.Theoldmanisdifficulttodealwith.=Theoldmanisdifficulttodowith.不同点：dealwith还有“与…打交道/做生意”和“涉及/论及”之意，而dowith则另有“与…有关系”之意。dealwith通常与how连用，而dowith通常与what连用，例如：Thebosshasdealtwiththecomputercompanyformanyyears.Thesevillagershavebeendealingwiththepeopleallovertheworld.Theaccidentyesterdayhadsomethingtodowiththedriver’scarelessness.ThomasEdisonalwaysaskedsomequestionsthathadnothingtodowithhisstudy.Theydidn’thowtodealwiththeseolddesks.（此句中只能用dealwith）Whatareyougoingtodowiththisproblem?(词句中只能用dowith)【原句再现】Howdidshedealwithnewchallenges?【精品例句】Althoughshehadnevermetthatexpert,sheknewagreatdealabouthim.尽管他从没见见过那位专家，但对他很了解Ittakesagooddealofefforttodothejobwell.做好这件工作需要花大量的精力Thosescientistsdiscussedallthewaystodealwiththeproblem.那些科学家讨论了处理这个问题的各种方法ThetwobooksdealwiththeancienthistoryofEgypt.这两本书讲述了埃及的古代历史【高考链接】Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasanttodealwith.(四川卷.完型)David’sbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.(全国卷.完型)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当的疑问词Theydidn’tknow_____onearththeyshoulddealwiththepresentsituation.(how)_____aretheygoingtodowiththisfurniture?(What)17.headn.头；最前面的部分；首脑，领导；头脑，才智v.出发；动身；率领；位居…的首位:【原句再现】So,holdyourheadup,then.【词块积累】headache头痛;令人头痛的人/事Headline(报纸的)标题theheadline新闻提要theheadofapage页眉headmaster(中小学)校长headteacher(中小学)班主任havegetaheadache头疼holdone’sheadup振作起来，勇敢起来，坚强起来holdone’sheadhigh趾高气扬，昂首headtheteam/list带领团队/名列榜首headfor朝…方向走【精品例句】Grammarisaheadacheforme.语法让我头疼Twoheadsarebetterthanone.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。Don’tholdyourheadtoohigh.不要太趾高气扬。Afterthegame,thefansheadedfortheexit.比赛线束后，球迷们朝出口走去。【高考链接】IreceivedaletterfromtheheadofthePersonnelDeparmen1.(全国卷.阅读篇)Happyasachild,Igotonthebicycleandheadedoutontothestreets.(湖北卷.阅读篇)【考点训练】翻译下列句子一个苹果从树上掉下来砸在了他的头上(Anapplefellfromthetreeandhithimonthehead)在英国，国家元首是国王或女王。(IntheUnitedKingdom,theheadofstateisakingorqueen.)18.beabouttodosth.就要做某事/即将做某事，常与when引导的从句连用，表示“某人正要做某事突然发生了另一件事”【原句再现】LisagraduatedfromourschoollastJuneandisabouttogotocollegeinNewYork.【词块积累】beabout(接时间/距离)大约…beaboutsb./sth.关于…【精品例句】It’saboutteno’clocknow.现在大约十点钟It’sabouttwentyminutes’walkfromhere.距此步行大约需要二十分钟ThisbookisaboutthehistoryofAmerica.这是一本关于中国历史的书Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorainyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午我正要出门，天下雨了【高考链接】Tomwasabouttoclosethewindow_________hisattentionwascaughtbyabird.(全国卷.完型)（when）【考点训练】在空白处填入括号内词的正确形式Theywereabout_____(go)outwhentheearthquakehappened.(togo)句式点拨Notonly…but(also)….不仅…而且….【原句再现】Theseactivitiesnotonlyhelpthemgainmoreskills,butalsoteachthemtocareabout