情态动词语法讲义教师版

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载高三英语情态动词虚拟语气语法讲义I.情态动词基本含义特殊含义can表一般的能力Marycanswim.表示许可或请求允许向对方请求许可Can/Could/May/MightI……肯定回答Yes,youcan/may否定回答No,youcan’t/maynot/mustn’t/you’dbetternot3.can用于肯定句表示理论上的可能性，译为“有时，常常，往往会”Evenexpertscanmakemistakes.4.用于固定句型cannot/couldn’t（help/choose）butdo只好，不得不can’twaittodosthcan’thelpdoingsthcannot/couldn’t(can/couldnever)+形容词副词比较级表示肯定，最高级的概念cannot(never)……enough/toomuch无论怎样也不为过，越…越好5.could用于虚拟语气couldhavedone本能够做实际上没做到might1.表可能性Hemightbeathome.

他可能在家2.请求对方许可May/MightI……?3.may/mightwelldo完全有理由may/mightaswelldo最好，不如Ourholidayswereruinedbytheweather;wemightjustaswellhavestayedathome.08全国）Lizamaywellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestravelling.4.表祝愿Mayyoubehappy!5.表示虚拟语气mighthavedone本可以做实际没做mightn’thavedone_______6.表推测must表必须，必要（mustn’t________）MustI…?肯定Yes,youmust.否定No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto.2.表偏偏，偏要，指发生与说话人的愿望相反或令人不愉快的事情或表示一定要Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughtermustgoanddotheopposite.3.表示肯定推测should表示劝告，建议，命令（oughtto）--TurnofftheTV,Jack,shouldn’tyoubedoingyourhomeworknow?--Mun,justtenmoreminutes.表示应该做且有一种道义上的责任--Yououghttohavegiventhemsomeadvice.--So____________________(确实如此)，butIwastoobusy?表示明显的结果或合理的推断，且与所期待的事几乎是事实。--WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.--They_____bereadyby12.pm.4.用于I’msurprisedthat…..,Youcan’timagine……,It’sstrang等句型后表示惊讶，惋惜，忧虑Youcan’timaginethatatopstudentshouldhavefailedinthecollegeentranceexamination.5.用于虚拟语should/oughttohavedone本不应该做但实际上做了shall用于第一，三人称表示征求对方意见ShallI/we……Shallhe/they…用于第二，三人称表示说话人对对方的命令，许诺或威胁,命令Ifyoutakegoodcareofmycamera,youshallkeepitwithyouduringyourholiday.用于各种人称表示立法，规章，法令，预言等Beingexaminedtwiceayearistherulethateverydrivershallobeyinthiscity.Nostudent______gooutoftheschoolcampusafter10:00atnightwithoutpermission.will表将来时，可表示说话人临时做出的决定--Didyoutellhimabouttheresult?--Oh,no,Iforgot.I_____hernow.Will/Wouldyou表请求3.用于各种人称表意志，决心，意愿等Ifyouwilllisten,Iwilltellyouhowtodealwiththeproblem.4.表经常性的习惯，倾向（过去的习惯）wouldHewillsittherehourafterhourlookingatthetrafficgoby.would1.用来提出请求Wouldyoupleaselookovermyessay?2.用来请出问题Let’sfixaday.WouldSundaynightsuityou?用来提出看法Papawouldn’tallowit.I’msureshewouldn’tmindyourgoing.4、用来提出意愿I’dgotherewithyou.II.五年高考题情态动词（共6题）201134.---Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.---Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone______it.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen201025.---Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.---Don’tworry.YoushallhaveitbyFriday.200922.--Annisinhospital.--Oh,really?Ididn'tknow.Iwillgoandvisither.28.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.200835.---I’msorry.Ishouldn’thaveshoutedatyoutheotherday.---Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.200722.---Shelooksveryhappy.Shemusthavepassedtheexam.---Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.200621.---IthinkI’llgiveBobaring.---Youshould.Youhaven’tbeenintouchwithhimforages.III.1.-----What’sthematterwiththemanhanginghisheadthere?------Well,ifyou_____know,hewascaughtstealingmybike.A.mustB.mayC.canD.shall2.Peter______bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.（辽宁卷）A.shall B.should C.can D.must3.Itishardtosaywhatkindofpersonheis.Sometimesheisveryfriendly;atothertimeshe___beverycold.A.canB.mustC.willD.shall4.Ifthefirstfewsentencesofyourapplicationletterfailtowinthereaders’attention,therestoftheletter_______notbereadatall.A.mustB.shallC.mightD.can5.---WhatdoyouthinkoftheAmericansingerLadyGaga’sperformance?---Toocrazy,butifshe______cometoChinatoholdconcerts,Iwouldbuyticketsforherliveshow.A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might6.---Areyougoingtofindajobbackinyourhometown?---Well,Ihaven’tdecidedyet.I______findsomeotherchoices.A.wouldB.mustC.shouldD.mightIV.情态动词+havedone情态动词+havedone用法例句Musthavedone对过去发生的行为进行推测“一定，想必做了某事”Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.canhavedone/can’thavedone对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句疑问句中“可能做过某事”Canhehavegonetohisaunt’s?couldhavedone用于肯定句“可能已经…”否定句表“不可能已经…”表过去没有实现的可能性“本来可以…”ItwasMrWangwhowentbyjustnow.Hecouldn’thavegonetoBeijing.IfIcouldhavetoldyouaboutculturaldifferencesbetweenItalyandtheUK,Iwouldhave.Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyouwerecareless.may/mighthavedone对过去发生的行为的推测“也许已经…”一般只用于肯定句，否定句，不用于疑问句。might表语气更加不肯定It’stoolate.Hemayhavegonetobed.mighthavedone(1)“也许已经…”(2)“本来应该或可以做某事”含轻微的责备Youshouldnothaveswuminthatarea.Youmighthavebeeneatenbyashark.Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp,thoughyouwerebusy.should（not）havedoneought(not)tohavedone“本来应该做某事”实际没做Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.Need(not)havedone肯定时表本来需要做确未做，否定时表本不必做却做了某事Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhouse.1.（2011·江西卷）We_____John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury【D】A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput2.（2011·陕西卷）I__________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.【A】A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone3.（2011·福建卷）——Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution。——Iit,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.【D】A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended4.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.（山东卷）A.canmanage B.couldhavemanaged C.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged5.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You______homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave6.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored7.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inloveattheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall8.-----What’sthematterwithPeter?----Hewasseencryingwhenhewascomingoutoftheteacher’soffice.He____bytheteacher.A.maybescoldedB.shouldhavebeenscoldedC.mustbescoldedD.musthavebeenscolded9.Theymusthavebeenenjoyingthemselvesthere,otherwisethey_____solong.A.can’thavestayedB.wouldn’thavestayedC.needn’thavestayedD.couldn’tstay10.-----Mummy,Ihavebrokenmytrain.-----Itoldyouso.You____onit.A.mustn’thaveriddenB.couldn’trideC.shouldn’thaveriddenD.needn’tride11.Asitturnedouttobeasmallbirthdayparty,you_______soformally.A.needn’tdressupB.didn’tneedhavedressedupC.didnotneedtodressupD.needn’thavedressedupV.高考题及模拟题精选1.-----IsJohncomingbytrain?-----Heshould,buthe______not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may2.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall3.-----Iheardtheywentskatinginthemountainslastwinter.-----It_____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.couldn’tbeD.mustn’tbe4.Whentheoldmanwasalive,he______sitforhoursatthedoor.A.would

B.could

C.must

D.might5.I’vedecidedtotakethejobandI______changemymind.

A.mustn’t

B.can’t

C.won’t

D.maynot6.(NMET2008全国II)Liza___wellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestraveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may7.Youcan’timaginethatatopstudent____havefailedinthecollegeentranceexamination.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would8.Thankyouforgivingmeahand.I_____intheexperimentwithoutyourvaluablehelp.A.havefailedB.willfailC.wouldhavefailedD.musthavefailed9.Hisfailureintheexperimentsuggestedthathe_____histeacher’sproperinstructions.A.shouldnothavefollowedB.shouldnotfollowC.mustn’thavefollowedD.hadn’tfollowedII.虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)虚拟语气多用在虚拟条件句中，表示假设的情况在客观上是完全不存在的（即与现在或过去的事实刚好相反），或者是实现的可能性很小（即与将来的事实很可能相反）。如果假设的情况是完全可能发生的，这种句子就不能看作是虚拟条件句，而应该作为真实条件句来处理，要用陈述语气。下面举两个例子，对这两种条件句作一比较。1.

Ifitrainstomorrow,Ishallstayathome.如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。2.

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Ishallstayathome.万一明天下雨，我就呆在家里。例1是真实条件句，表示下雨的可能性很大（比如说，根据气象预报，明天有雨）。例2是虚拟条件句，表示下雨的可能性很小（比如说，根据气象预报，明天天晴）。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。（过去虚拟）②与现在事实相反。（现在虚拟）③与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟）“后退一步法”①与过去事实相反，在从句中用haddone形式表示。②与现在事实相反，用did/were形式表示。③与将来事实可能相反，用did/were/should/weretodo形式表示。I.虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法1.表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：1)IfIwereyou,Ishouldn'tdothat.2)Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.3)Wecouldaskhimifhewerehere.4)IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldringhimup.条件从句主句Iftherewere(be)nomusic,theworldwould(be)verydull.IfIknew(know)herphonenumber,Iwouldring(ring)himnow.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：1)Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.2)Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwould(might)havemethim.3)IwouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourphonenumber.条件从句主句IfIhadknown(know)thatyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavepickedyouup(pickup)youattheairport.Ifwehadhad(have)enoughrainlastyear,wewouldhavegained(gain)agoodharvest.3.表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：1)Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.2)Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.3)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.条件从句主句Ifitshould/snowed/weretosnow(snow)tomorrow,ourplanwouldbepostponed(postpone)Ifthesunrose/shouldrise/weretorise(rise)inthewest,Iwouldchange(change)mymind.Note:①省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were,had或should，可以if把省略而把这几个词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装：例如：1.Ifheshouldcome(Shouldhecome),tellhimtoringmeup.2.IfIwereyou(WereIyou),Iwouldnotdoit.3.Ifhehadbeenmorecareful(Hadhebeenmorecareful),suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.4.IfIhadworkedhard(HadIworkedharder),Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.5.Iftimeweretogoback(),Iwouldworkdoublehard.6.Ifitshouldbefinetomorrow(),wewouldgoforanouting.Note:②Ifyouhadanothergo,youwouldsucceed.(would表示必然结果)Ifyouhadanothergo,youcouldsucceed.（could表示能够）Ifyouhadanothergo,youmightsucceed.（might表示可能的结果）用括号里的单词的正确形式填空。1.Ifyou(get)marriedinItaly,you(expect)togiveapresenttoyourguests.2.I(ask)myparentsforhelpifI(be)you.3.Ifyou(come)tomyhouseyesterday,you(see)mycousinJohn.4.IfDr.Smith(travel)toParis,he(take)somepicturesbeforetheEiffel5.IfI(meet)AndyLausomeday,I(ask)himforasignature.6.Givenmoretime,Ben(do)theworkmuchbetter.7.IfSuYang(get)toBeijingoneday,she(visit)theForbiddenCity,wheretheemperorsoncelived.根据括号中所给中文完成句子。1.（如果我受到你的信），Iwouldhavestartedofftwodaysago.2.Ifyou(有任何问题)，pleasedon’thesitatetoaskyourteacher.3.(要是我女儿没那么忙)，shewouldcometohelpyou.4.Ifithadn’tbeenforthesnow,we(能早点到达了)。5.Ifsheknewasmuchaboutmusicasyoudo,mydaughter(会演奏得好跟多)。1.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_____.

A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded2.Ifmylawyer_____herelastSaturday,he_____mefromgoing.

A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented

B.hadbeen;wouldprevent

C.were;wouldprevent

D.were;wouldhaveprevented3.Ifhe______,he_____thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.

A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken

C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken4.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.

A.drove;didn'tgetB.drove;wouldn'tgetC.weredriving;wouldn'tgetD.haddriven;wouldn'thavegot6._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(1994)

A.WereB.Should7._____Ibefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.

A.CouldB.ShouldC.MightD.Must8._____yourletter,Iwouldhavewrittenbacktwodaysago.

A.IfIreceivedB.ShouldIreceivedC.HadIreceivedD.IfIcouldhavereceived9.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.

A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensaved

C.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved10.IfI_____you,Iwouldtryagain.

A.amB.wasC.wereD.be11._____,allthestudentswouldhear.

A.Iftheteacherhadspokenlouder

B.Iftheteacherwillspeaklouder

C.Hadtheteacherspokenlouder

D.Iftheteacherspokelouder12.MrBrown_____ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.

A.willbuyB.wouldbuyC.boughtD.hasbought13._____Iknownheneededmoneysobadly,Imighthavemanagedtohelphim.

A.UnlessB.WhenC.IfD.Had注意：一.错综条件句(混合虚拟语气)有时候条件句所表示的动作与主句所表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的），这时候动词的形式要根据具体的时间来调整。1.Ifyouthedoctor’sadvice(then),youallrightnow.如果你那时听了医生的话，你现在就好了。2.Ifyouthedoctor’sadvice,youallrightthen.如果你那时听了医生的话，你那时就好了。3.Ifyouthemmore,thecropsgrowingmorebetter.如果你给庄稼多浇些水，它们会长的更好。4.IfIFrench,IabletointerpretforyourFrenchfriends.假如我以前学过法语，现在我能给你的法国朋友当翻译了。5.Ifyouillforsomanydays,weyougotothebattlefront.要不是你病了好几天，我们会让你上前线的。6.Ifyoumyadvice,youwhattodonow.如果你曾采纳我的建议，现在你就会知道该怎么办了。7.IfIyoutothehospitalatonce,youindangernow.当时要不是我立即把你送到了医院，现在你恐怕还在危险之中。8.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。9.如果我是你，昨天我就去参加他的生日晚会了。二．含蓄条件句(SentencesofImpliedCondition)有时，假设的情况不是通过虚拟条件句表示出来，而是通过上下文或其它方式来表示。With,without,butfor,otherwise和or构成虚拟。(butfor要不是)Withmoremoney,I(help)morepeopleinneed.Withoutsunlight,people’slife(be)differentfromtoday.Withoutyourhelp,I(fail).Butforyourhelp,I__(notfinish)thework.Butforwater,it(be)impossibletoliveinthedesert.I’mtoobusynow,otherwise/orI(help)youdothework.1.Suchmistakes.(ifwehadbeenmorecareful).2.Heyoumorehelp,buthewassobusy(ifhehadn'tbeensobusy).3.Ibefore,butIhavebeenill.(ifIhadn'tbeenill,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou).4.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwould(take)partintheparade.（IfIhadnotbeenillthatday）5.ButforJohn,we______thematchlastweek.

A.wouldhavelostB.wouldloseC.hadlostD.lost6.Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?如果你有一百万美元，你怎么办？该句相当于Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?II:虚拟语气在宾语从句的中的用法1.wish后的宾语从句：从句中的动词根据时间可采用不同的形式，参见虚拟条件句：1).IwishIwereasstrong/clever/youngasyou.(ButIamnot.)(be)2).Wewishwepaidmoreattentiontoourpronunciation.(pay)3).Iwishhewouldtry.(will)4).IwishIknewtheanswer.(ButIdon'tknowtheanswer.)(know)5).IwishIhadknowntheanswer.(ButIdidn't.)(know)6).IwishI_____youyesterday?

A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee7).Iwishthetrain_____solate;thenIcouldhavegothomebeforebreakfast.

A.hadn'tarrivedB.didn'tarriveC.wouldn'tarriveD.mustn'tarrive8).IwishI________torepairthebike,forIonlymadeitworse.

A.hadtriedB.hadn'ttriedC.triedD.didn'ttry2.Wouldrather(宁愿)，wouldprefer(希望)后面的宾语从句中表示与现在事实或将来可能相反愿望时，谓语动词用过去时，表示过去未能实现的愿望时，谓语动词就用过去完成时。IwouldratherhewouldcomenextSaturday.Iwouldpreferhewouldn’tstaythereforlong.3.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1).insist2）.order,command3）.advise,suggest,propose4）.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。1）.Weproposethatthehouseshouldberepaired(repair).2）.Thegeneralcommandedthatthetargetshouldbefired(fire)at.3）.Theyrequestedthatweshouldsit(sit)downandhaveacupoftea.4）.Wedesirethatheshouldbegiven(give)achance.5）.Therulesrequirethatplayersshouldwear(wear)tennisshoesonthecourt(网球场).6）.Theeditorinsistedthatweshouldchangethetitleofthebook.7）.Weadvisethatstepsbetaken(take)atonce.8）.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight.9）.Heorderedthatall(should)takepartinthework.10）.Theyinsistedthatwe(should)begintheworkatonce.Note1:insist作“坚决认为(该怎么做)”时，用此句型；如作“坚决认为(是怎么回事)”时，则不要求如此：1）.Heinsistedthathe(should)goinsteadofme.2)Heinsistedthatyouwerewrong.()1.MrSmithorderedthatthework_____atonce.A.doB.didC.wasdoneD.bedone()2.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody____therules.A.obeyedB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldNote2:这类词只要是表示愿望、建议、命令等，不管是以什么样的形式出现，后面从句中的形式都要用"should"+动词原形"：㈠.itisdesired/suggested/requested/ordered/proposedthat等结构后的主语从句：1).ItisrequestedthatMrSmithshouldgiveaperformanceattheParty.2).Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.3).Itwasarrangedthatthey(should)leavethefollowingweek.4).Ithasbeendecidedthatthemeeting(should)bepostponed(putoff)tillnextSaturday.㈡.suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea等后面的表语从句和同位语从句：1).Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewcomradestohelpthem.Mysuggestionisthatafewcomrades(should)besenttohelpthem.2).Myideaisthatwe(should)dotheworkourselves.3).WhatdoyouthinkofXiaoYang'sproposalthatwe(should)putonaplayattheEnglishevening?1.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand____free.

A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset2.MothersuggestedthatI_____myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV.

A.didB.doC.shalldoD.havedone3.Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting_____offstillnextweek.

A.toputB.beputC.shouldputD.beputting4.Thecommanderorderedthatthewounded_____tohospitalrightaway.

A.tobesentB.besentC.sendD.shouldsend

5.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____tothevillagesoon.

A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent6.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.

A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being7.Theyrequestedthathe______ontheradio.

A.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.wouldspeak

8.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished

9.Shemadethedemandthatshe_____atonce.

A.leaveB.leavesC.leftD.tobeleft4.在句型Itisnecessary/important/strange/that...Itisapity/ashame/nowonder/that...等结构后的主语从句：Note:这时should+动词原形的意思常常是“竞会”。1.Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.2.Itisimportantthatwe(should)unitewithallthatcanbeunitedinthestruggle.3.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.4.Itisquitenaturalthatsuchfearsshouldarise.5.Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesofoolish.5.一些习惯句型中：(一)Itis(high)time后的定语从句中通常也需要用虚拟语气：1.Itistimethatwewent/shouldgotobed.2.Itistimewewenthome.(二)用在ifonly引起的感叹句中（意思为要是什么就好了），有时还可以省略only：1.Ifonlywetotheiradvice!当初我们要是听从他们的建议就好了。2.Ifonlytheletterintime!那封信要是及时到达就好了。3.IfonlyIit!我要是没弄丢它就好了。4.If(only)theyherenow.要是他们现在在这里可就好了。5.Ifonlyheyesterday.昨天他要是来了那就好了。6.IfonlyIasstrongasyou.我要是和你一样健壮该多好啊。7.IfonlyIabird.我如果是一只鸟就好了。8.Ifonlytherain.要是雨会停止该多好！(三)由asif或asthough引导的状语或表语从句可以用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。

Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,iflooksasifitwerebroken.Theteachertreatsthestudentasifheherownchild.Ifeltasthoughweeachotherforyears.Itlooksasifitmightrain.天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）对比：Helooksasifheisyoung.看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻）Helooksasifhewereyoung.看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）1.Johntalkedasifhe______alltheworkhimselfbutinfactHarryandLilydidmostofit.

A.didB.haddoneC.hasdoneD.do2.Hesmiledasifhe_____mythought.

A.readB.wasreadingC.hadreadD.hasread3.Helookedasifhe_____foryears.

A.hasn'twashedB.doesn'twashC.wouldn'twashD.hadn'twashed4.You_____earlier.Thebusleftamomentago.

A.wouldcomeB.shouldhavecomeC.maycomeD.havecome5.Ifonlyhe______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.(2000)

A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie

6.Itisimportantthatwe______wildanimals.

A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting7.Itisnecessarythattheproblem_____atonce.

A.solvesB.shouldsolveC.shouldbesolvedD.willbesolved8.Itisstrangethathe_____interestinmuchofhisresearch.

A.shouldhavelostB.wouldloseC.hadlostD.willlost9.IfonlyI_____mywatch!

A.hadn'tlostB.haven'tlostC.didn'tloseD.don'tlose10."Whatw