牛津英语第二单位常识点与语法点

9A上海版牛津英语第二单元知识点与语法点一复习上节课非谓语动词二.1.beshortof“缺少，短缺”eg:Thisareaisshortofwater.2.howmuch与howmany“多少”howmuch修饰不可数名词；howmany修饰可数名词复数。Eg：Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Howmuchjuicedoyouwant?3.Wouldyoulike…“你想要…..”eg:Wouldyouliketohaveacupoftea?答语：肯定：Yes,please./否定：No,thanks./I’dloveto,but…..Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dloveto,butIhaven'tfinishmywork.Whatwouldyoulike?答语：肯定:I’dlike…./I’dloveto…..eg：whatwouldyoulike?I’dlikeaglassofwater.4.below在…..下方5.helpsb(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事Eg:Canyouhelpmefinishthetask?Sheoftenhelpsmedothehousework.=Sheoftenhelpsmetodothehousework.“n”-----“帮助，帮忙”eg:Thankyouforyourhelp.Withthehelpof在….的帮助下…eg:Withthehelpofmyteacher,myEnglishimproved.6.sound；noise；voice辨析：sound泛指一切可以听到的声音；noise指噪音，吵闹声，通常指不悦耳的，不和谐的，或令人讨厌的声音。Voice指嗓音，也可以指鸟鸣的声音。练习Themusicmademethinkofthe______ofarunningstream.A.shoutBnoiseCvoiceD.sound7.hardlyever“几乎不，很少”hardly是副词，位于助动词，be动词，情态动词之后，实义动词之前。hardly本身表示否定的含义，用于反义疑问句，附加疑问部分用肯定形式。Eg:Hecanhardlydoanyhousework,___________?他几乎不会做家务，是不是?Thereishardlyanymilkleftinthefridge,____________?冰箱里几乎没剩下多少牛奶了，是不是？hardly用于句首，句子要用于倒装。Eg:HardlyhadIfalledasleepwhensomeonekonckedatthedoor.我刚刚睡着就有人敲门。练习：IwassotiredthatIcould________walkanyfarther.A.nearlyB.hardlyC.reallyD.suddenly8.also副词“也”位于助动词，be动词，情态动词之后，实义动词之前，用法比较正式，而too和aswell一般位于句尾，在否定句之中用either.Eg:IstduyChinese,andIalsoStudyEnglish.Tomcanswim.Icanswimtoo.Shedoesn’twanttogotothepark,either.她也不想去公园引申:notonly…..butalso…..“不但…..而且….”注意：谓语动词要与also后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Eg:NotonlyhebutalsoIamastudent.不但是他，而且我也是学生。9maybe“可能是”与maybe的辨析：Maybe是情态动词may与动词be连用作句子的谓语，意为“可能是”放于句中。maybe是副词，意为“大概”只能用作状语。放句首。Eg:Hemaybeatschool.他可能在学校。Maybeheisatschool.也许他在学校。10.beawareof“意识到”beunawareof“未意识到”11.辨析it与oneIt代词，可用来代替上文提到的同一人或事物。Eg:Iwanttouseyourpen,passittome.One所代替的是同类事物中的一个，泛指前面所提到的物或者人，复数是ones.Eg:Ihavenoexercisebooks.Lendmeone.One或ones前面可以加冠词或形容词，而it则不能。Eg：Theredsweateristoosmall.Iwantalargerone.这件衣服太小了，我想要件大的。练习：——Ineedsomethingforcutting_________thepaper.-------Oh,youwantaknif?OK,I’llget________foryou.A.itB.thatC.thisD.one12.dependon“依靠，依赖”Eg:Weshouldn’tdependonourparents.我们不应该总依赖我们的父母。dependon/upon“视….而定”;取决于….Eg:Thesuccessoftheexperimentdependsontheweather.这次实验的成功与否取决于天气。13.Computersaretoldwhattodobyprogrames.电脑要通过程序被命令做什么。whattodo是“疑问词+不定式”的复合结构，在句中作及物动词的宾语。Eg:Idon’tknowwhattosay.Canyoutellmehowtodoit?Howtodoitisthemostimportant.练习：Therearesomanykindsofcomputersintheshop.Ireallydon’tknow______tochose.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where14.目前：atpresent15.Itiscommonkonwledgethat…..“众所周知”16.Itisessentialthat….必须，应该Itisessentialthatthehumansdoesnotmakeamistake.17.Theanswertothequestion.这个问题的答案。Thekeytothedoor18.forthetimebeing=forthepresent“暂时，目前”19.sometimes有时Sometime某时Sometime一段时间Sometimes一些次1.taste作系动词，“尝起来”，其后加形容词作表语。Eg:Thefoodtastesdelicious.这种食物尝起来很好吃。Themilktastesstrange.这种牛奶尝起来味道很怪。look，smell，taste，sound和feel是五个常用的系动词练习：Thecookies_______good.CouldIhavesomemore?A.tasteB.smellC.feelD.sound——Hi，Tony.Themilkshake______good.-----I’mgladyoulikeit.A.soundsBfalls.C.goesD.tastes2.agree同意（1）agreewith/on/toagreewith+某人/某人说的话——“同意某人的观点”eg:Iagreewithyou.agreeto+计划/建议——“同意某一计划或建议”Heagreestomyplanatlast.agreeon+表示具体的文件，计划，行动的词。Theyagreedonthatthing.(2)agreetodosth.同意做某事eg:Heagreedtocometohelpus.(3)agree+that从句eg：Herparentsagreedthatshewentonwithherstudy.3Whatdoyouthinkof….和Howdoyoulike…?可以互换——“认为…..怎么样”4payattentionto注意dieof与diefrom因….而死Dieof强调内因eg:Shediedofcancer.她死于癌症。Diefrom强调外因eg:Shediedfromachestwound.她死于胸部受伤。mean“意味着”其后可以接名词，代词，动名词和从句。Eg;Thedarkcloudsmeanrain.这些乌云是下雨的征兆。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanhour.赶不上这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。Mean还有“意欲，打算”之意，后接动词不定式做宾语，不用—ing形式。Mean还有“意思是”eg：Theredlightmeans“stop”红灯表示停止。注:meandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth“打算做某事”7.inthe1960s“在20世纪60年代”in1960“在1960年”Eg:Mostofuswereborninthe1990s.我们大多数出生于20世纪90年代。as…..as“和……一样”中间用形容词或副词原形，其否定形式是notas/so…..as…“不如”Eg:HesingsaswellasMike.他唱的和迈克一样好。Thisbookisn’tas/sointerestingasthatone.这本书不如那本有趣。练习：Listeningisjustas_______asspeakinginlanguagelearing.A.importantB.moreimportantCmostimportantD.themostimportant8.thenumberof“….的数量”+可数名词复数”,作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Thenumberofstudentsinourclassisforty.我们班学生的数量是40人。Anumberof“大量,许多”Anumberofstudentshavebeenthere.许多学生去过那了。练习：——Anumberofstudents_______inthedinninghall.——Letmecount.Thenumberofthestudents_______about400.A.are;isBis;areCare;areD.is;is9.turnon“打开….”反义---turnoff关闭Eg:Turnonthelight,please.Turnoffthelightbeforeyouleavetheroom.Turnup调大声音turndown调小声音练习;1.Don’tdoanyotherthingswhileyouaredoingyourhomework.Soplease_______yourmp3.AturnupB.turndownCturnonD.turnoff2.Mike________hiscomputerandcheckedhise-mail.AturnonBturnoffCturnedupDturndown重点短语：依靠__________atpresent____________常识__________turnon___________犯错误________workout_________注意_____________infrontof________……的数量____________succeedindoingsth.______-缺少__________attheend___________形容词的比较等级考点：形容词的比较级或最高级，以单选形式出现。定义：修饰词用法：1.作主语：the+adjeg:Theyoungshouldgivetheirseatstotheold.2.作表语：Sheisverybeautiful.3.作定语：注：放在名词之前，不定代词之后。4.作补语：make,keep,leave,find.Shekeepshereyesclosed.5.作状语：Hewenthome,sleepyandhungry.三．比较等级：1.原级：asadj/adv原级as修饰词有：so,very,quiteEg:Sheisastallasyou.Herunsasfastasme.1单音节：（1）一般在词尾加er,est如：tall,long.（2）以e字母结尾的词加r,st.如：nice,fine比较级1.规则变化（3）以辅元辅结尾的词，双写未字母加：er,est.如：big,sit,thin.（4）辅音字母加y结尾，把y变I加er,est.最高级构成如：sunny,heavy.2.多音节：在形容词副词前加more,most.如：beautiful,careful,popular.2.不规则变化：好坏多少远老good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest修饰比较级的词：much,far,abit/alittle,still,even,rather考点句型1.thaneg:Sheistallerthanme.2.whichis_____AorB?eg:Whichcolourdoyoulikebetter,redorblue?3.The+比较级，the+比较级eg：Themore,thebetter.4.比较级and比较级eg：It’sgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring.5.the+比较级ofthetwoeg:Heisthetallerofthetwins.最高级（the+最高级）考点（1）whichis_______A,BorC?eg：Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,Shanghai,orHangzhou?(2)有限定范围的:intheworldofthethreeeg：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.注意：副词前不加the------Heranfarthest.(3)oneofthe+最高级+名词复数eg:Heisoneofthemostpopularscholar.(学者)the+序数词+最高级+范围eg：thefirstlongestriverinChina练习：1.Nowtheairinourcityis______thanitusedtobe.Somethingmustbedonetostopit.A.verygoodB.muchbetterC.ratherbadD.evenworse2.----Areyoufeelingbettertoday,dear？----No，even______.A.wellB.betterC.badD.worse语法专项习题-形容词1

()1.Thisboxis___thatone.

A.heavythanB.soheavythan

C.heavierasD.asheavyas

()2Whenwespeaktopeople,weshouldbe

.

A.aspoliteaspossibleB.aspoliteaspossibly

C.aspolitelyaspossibleD.aspolitelyaspossibly

()3Thisbookis____thatone,but____thanthatone.

A.asdifficultas;expensive

B.asmoredifficultas;moreexpensive

C.asdifficultas;moreexpensive

D.moredifficultas;asexpensive

()4Ithinkthestoryisnotso___asthatone.

A.interestingB.interestedC.moreinterestingD.mostinteresting

()5Hisfatherbegantowork____hewassevenyearsold.

A.asoldasB.asearlyasC.sinceD.while

2

()1.Ithinkscienceis_thanJapanese.

A.muchimportantB.important

C.muchmoreimportantD.moremuchimportant

()2Thispencilis___thanthatone.

A.longestB.longC.longerD.aslong

()3Mymotherisno___young.

A.shorterB.longerC.littleD.few

()4Thesechildrenare____thisyearthantheywerelastyear.

A.moretallB.moretallerC.verytallerD.muchtaller

()5Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitis___today.

A.evenhotterB.morehotter

C.muchmorehotD.muchhot

()6.MrsBlackhasgot____insteadofgettinganybetter.

A.morebadB.alittleworseC.muchbadlyD.alotofworse

3

()1Whenwearrived,wefoundthemeetingroomcrowdedwith___students.

A.quiteafewB.onlyafewC.fewD.afewquite

()2Thehouseis

smallforafamilyofsix.

A.muchtooB.toomuchC.verymuchD.so

()3Throughthewindowwecanseenothingbut____buildings.

A.tallverymanyB.verymanytallC.verytallmanyD.manyverytall

()4-What'syourbrotherlike?

-Heis___.

A.adriverB.verytallC.myfriendD.atschool

()5Thejacketwasso___thathedecidedtobuyit.

A.muchB.littleC.expensiveD.cheapl

()6Ourclassroomis____largerthantheirs.

A.moreB.quiteC.veryD.much

4

()1Theearthisabout____asthemoon.

A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbig

C.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig

()2Yourroomismine.

A.twiceaslargethanB.twicethesizeof

C.biggertwicethanD.astwicelargeas

()3Yourroomis___thanmine.

A.threetimebigB.threetimesbigC.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimes

()4Hisfatheris____thanhismother.

A.olderfouryearsB.asfouryearsolder

C.fouryearsolderD.biggerfouryears

5

()1Mathsismorepopularthan____.

A.anyothersubjectB.allthesubjectsC.anysubjectD.othersubject

()2Chinaislargerthan____inAfrica.

A.anyothercountryB.othercountriesC.theothercountryD.anycountry

()3Tomisstrongerthan___inhisclass.

A.anyotherbo