Unit 4 语法（复习讲义）-2023-2024学年六年级英语上册单元速记·巧练（译林版三起）

Unit4Thenandnow语法梳理：一般过去时VS一般现在时精讲精练(含答案)比较：一般过去时VS一般现在时Twentyyearsago,MrsBrownmadefriendsatschool.Twentyyearsago,MrsBrownmadefriendsatschool.二十年前，布朗夫人在学校交伴侣。Nowshehase-friendsfromallovertheword.现在她的网友遍布全世界。一般现在时定义：指经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态若指经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用行为动词；若指经常性、习惯性的状态，谓语动词用be动词。动词原形/三单谓语动词am/is/are标志词：everyday,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom(很少),never(从不)动词三单变化规章：一般在动词尾加s，如：look--looks,read--reads;以s,x,sh,ch以及o结尾的动词加es，如：catch--catches,go--goes,do--does;以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es,如：fly--flies;特例：have--has注：当主语是he,she,it以及单数，不行数名词时用三单。句型转化确定句：Iamathome.Ilikecats.Helikeslions.否定句：Iamathome.Idon’tlikecats.Hedoesn’tlikelions.一般疑问句：-Areyouathome?-Doyoulikecats?-Doeshelikelions?-Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.-Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.-Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.特殊疑问句：Whereareyou?Whatdoyoulike?Helikeslions.一般过去时定义：指发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。指发生在过去的动作或事情，谓语动词用行为动词的过去式；指过去存在的状态，谓语动词用be动词的过去式was,were。规章的动词加ed，不规章的特殊记谓语动词was/were标志词：yesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/eveninglastweek/month/year/term上一周/日/去年/上个学期thismorning/afternoon/eveningjustnow(刚才)；aweekago(一周前);longlongago(很久以前)oneday(一天);thedaybeforeyesterday(前天)动词过去时式的变化规章★★★★★一般直接在词尾加一般直接在词尾加-ed。以不发音的e结尾的动词在词尾加-d。以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。不规章动词过去式的变化,需要同学们逐个记忆。例：watch—watchedlike—likedstudy—studiedstop—stoppedare—werego--wenthave--hadread--read一般过去时的三种句型结构：句型结构例句确定句主语+行为动词的过去式（+其他）Ididhomeworkyesterday.主语+was/were+其他Iwasveryhappyyesterday.否定句主语+didn't+行为动词原形（+其他）Ididn'tdohomeworkyesterday.主语+was/were+not+其他Iwasn'thappyyesterday.一般疑问句Did+主语+行为动词原形（+其他）？Didyoudohomeworkyesterday？确定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No+主语+didn't.Yes,Idid.是的，我写了。No,Ididn’t.不，我没写。Was/Were+主语+其他？Wereyouhappyyesterday？确定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答：No，主语+was/were+not.Yes,Iwas.是的，我很快活。No,Iwasnot.不，我不快活。【考题精练】按要求写词。1.can（过去式） 2.went（原形）3.take（过去式） 4.fly（过去式）5.read（过去式） 6.saw（原形）7.couldn’t（完整形式） 8.shop（现在分词）9.e-mail（复数） 10.buy（过去式）用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Mygrandmotheris(read)e-booksontheInternetnow.2.Myparents(use)thetelephone(call)peoplebefore.3.LiuTao(write)alettertohise-friendyesterdaymorning.4.Twentyyearsago,sheusually(make)friendsatschool.5.Mike(watch)TVafterdinnerlastnight?6.MrsBlack(buy)alotofthingsinthesupermarketyesterdaymorning.7.I(go)toBen'sbirthdaypartylastnightand(take)himagift.8.Helen(eat)ahamburgeranddrinksabottleofmilkeverymorning.9.LiuTao(get)anewcomputerfromhisfatherlastweekend.10.Eightyearsago,Ben(cannot)write,butnowhecanwritemanywords.按要求完成句子。1.Heusedthetelephonetocallpeopletwentyyearsago.(改为同义句)Hepeoplethetelephonetwentyyearsago.2.Thereweresomenewspapersonthetablejustnow.(改为一般疑问句)newspapersonthetablejustnow?3.Theyfoundasmalllakeintheforest.(改为否定句)Theyasmalllakeintheforest.4.Nancycoulddrawpicturesfiveyearsago.(对画线部分提问)Nancyfiveyearsago?5.MissLiistellingusastorynow.(用yesterday替换now改写句子)MissLiastoryyesterday.could表达某人过去会做某事Sixyearsago,Mikecouldreadanddraw,buthecouldnotwrite.Sixyearsago,Mikecouldreadanddraw,buthecouldnotwrite.六年前，迈克会读书和画画，但是他不会写字。解析：·could是can的过去式，意为“能够，会，可以”，表示某人具有做某事的力量；其否定形式为couldn’t=couldnot;·两者没有人称和数的变化，其后都要接动词原形。即can/could+动词原形·确定句型结构：主语+could+动词原形（+其他）.否定句型结构：主语+couldn’t+动词原形（+其他）.一般疑问句结构：Could+主语+动词原形（+其他）？确定回答：Yes,主语+could./否定回答：No,主语+couldn’t.拓展：could也可以表示委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时可以与can互换使用，但could的语气较can委婉，两者没有时态上的区分。典例：WhenIwasfiveyearsold,Icouldsing,butIcouldn’tdance.当我五岁的时候，我会唱歌，但是我不会跳舞。【考题精练】单项选择。()1.MrGreenbecauseTomdidn'thiminclass.A.getsangry;listenedtoB.gotsangry;listenC.gotangry;listento()2.Tenyearsago,Ieightyearsoldandyouten.A.was;wereB.was;wasC.were;are()3.Theboyskate,butthegirl.A.could;didn'tB.could;couldn'tC.couldn't;did()4.Samcanmakeasentence“ago”,butBobby.A.for;doesn'tB.with;canC.with;can't()5.Helencouldn'tdancesingfiveyearsago.A.orB.andC.to依据中文提示完成句子。1.老约翰以前听收音机猎取新闻。OldJohntheradiobefore.2.苏海的爷爷宠爱看报纸。SuHai'sgrandpalikes.3.现在，我们可以随处给我们的伴侣们打电话。Nowwecan.4.五年前，我不会溜冰，但是我会游泳。Iskate,butI.5.在周末，我们通常步行去超市购物，然后去看电影。Atweekends,weusuallythesupermarkettodo,andthenwegotothecinema.参考答案1.could2.go3.took4.flew5.read6.see7.couldnot8.shopping9.e-mails10.bought1.reading2.used,tocall3.wrote4.made5.Did,watch6.bought7.went,took8.eats9.got10.couldn'tl