统考版2025届高考英语二轮复习备考提升指导与精练11阅读理解-词义猜测题含解析

PAGE阅读理解——词义揣测题优培11阅读理解——词义揣测优培11阅读理解——词义揣测题真题在线真题在线1.应用1.应用①2024（2024·全国III卷，B）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕获)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants”,“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper”,havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes”. B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes”. D.Theperformanceofrealapes.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely. B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully. D.Watchingcarefully.27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated. B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.Theycouldbetradedillegally D.Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】24-27DBDA【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影《猩球崛起》上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有运用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄运用的是数字化人猿的创建技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织亲密关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。24.细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafullbodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes!””可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块赞扬电影制作人的牌子:感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物爱护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。25.主旨大意题。依据其次段可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕获技术创建数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费了数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，从而形成最终的影像。由此可知，其次段主要是关于数字化人猿的创建。故选B项。26.词句揣测题。依据第三段划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织）以及下文提到很多电影，包括《大象的眼泪》，《宿醉Ⅱ》，和《管理员》，引起了动物爱护人士的生气，他们说影片中的动物没有被很好的对待。）可推断出，划线词的意思是“亲密关注”。故选D项。27.推理推断题。依据最终一段（在某些状况下，让活动人士担忧的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇，让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外国家和地区拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些状况下，让活动人士担忧的并不是工作室里动物的待遇，令人担忧的是动物的训练和生活条件。由此推断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。（2024·江苏卷，C）Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheoryshouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白质)thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰岛素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.61.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.A.digestthemealeasily B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat D.eatwhateverisoffered62.Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B.Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C.Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.63.Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A.Theysuccessfullylostweight. B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage. D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.64.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.【答案】61-64BABD【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项探讨，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐熬炼可能对健康更有益。61.词句揣测题。依据后面“workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst”可知，早餐前熬炼可能比先吃饭再熬炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先熬炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项（不吃早饭能应付）意思相近。故选B。62.细微环节理解题。依据第三段的“Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.”可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的，健身不活跃但身体健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式不论好坏，代表了我们大多数人。因此可知，试验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了一般人。故选A。63.细微环节理解题。依据第六段的“Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories,onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.”（结果，他们空腹漫步时燃烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。另一方面，平均而言，他们在早餐后熬炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。）可知，熬炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。64.推理推断题。依据最终一段可知，这些结果示意，为了从运动中获得最大的健康好处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育熬炼对健康更有益。故选D。（2024·全国II卷，D）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonfromgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.34.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutWritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】32-35CBCD【解析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，讲解并描述了作者作为孩子，母亲和作家等不同身份时，表达出来的对书籍及图书馆的酷爱。32.推理推断题。依据题干中的asachild，定位到第一段中的“Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.”，可知书本与童年时期的作者关系紧密，无法分割，故选C。33.词义揣测题。依据题干定位到第三段，“伴随着年龄的增长，我成了一位母亲，图书馆对我来说成了一个全新的地方，并且有了附加的意义。我有了几个孩子，书本成了我们消遣的源泉。”可知这个意义是与家庭和欢乐有关的，故选B。34.细微环节理解题。依据题干中的callon定位到最终一段“Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.”可知作者认为全部的作家应当用一种独特的方式来支持图书馆，故选C。35.标题归纳题。依据首尾两段，作者从始至终对书籍及图书馆都充溢了爱意，故答案选D。2.应用2.应用②2024（2024·江苏卷，B）Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that’swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn’tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearesuchexplosivevolcanoesthattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn’tfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera;almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.58.WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A.Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B.Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C.Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D.Theexactlocationofthevolcano.59.Whatdoesthesecond-paragraphmainlytalkabout？A.Theshapesofvolcanoes. B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes. D.Theheightsofvolcanoes.60.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A.Hot-airballoon. B.Digitalcamera.C.Bigphotograph. D.Bird’sview.【答案】58-60DAC【解析】本文为记叙文。讲解并描述了二十世纪六十年头BobChristiansen在探讨黄石公园的火山历史时，惊奇地发觉到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形态的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。58.细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句“ButChristiansencouldn’tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.”可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。59.主旨大意题。本段讲解并描述了两种形态的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆积累形成的圆锥体，还有一种是极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。60.词义揣测题。依据第三段第一句可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一批新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大专供一个游客中心进行展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。提分训练提分训练Passage1Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatters. D.Theywerecloselyconnected2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”nderlinedinparagraph2?A.complex. B.advanced. C.powerful. D.modern.3.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400 C.About2,400 D.About1,200.4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【答案】1-4BCBC【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其缘由。1.推理推断题。依据文章第一段中的“Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknitgroupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.”可知当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。2.词义揣测题。依据文章其次段中的“dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。由此推知dominantlanguages意为占统治地位的语言或主流语言，即powerful。故选C。3.细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段中的“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumberofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是说的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选B。4.主旨大意题。依据文章第一段中的主题句“Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.”可知，语言的产生和消逝进行了几千年，但最近语言产生的少，消逝的太多。故选C。Passage2Mybrother-in-lawopenedthebottomdrawerofmysister’sbureau(衣橱)andpickedoutawonderfulskirt.“JanboughtthisthefirsttimewewenttoNewYork,atleasteightornineyearsago.Sheneverworeit.Shewassavingitforaspecialoccasion.”Well,Iguessthisistheoccasion.Hetooktheskirtfrommeandputitonthebed.Hishandstouchedthesoftmaterialforamoment,andthenheshutthedrawerandturnedtome,“Don’teversaveanythingforaspecialoccasion.Everydayyou’realiveisaspecialoccasion.”I’mstillthinkingabouthiswords,andthey’vechangedmyattitudetolife.I’mspendingmoretimewithmyfamilyandfriendsandlesstimeoncommitteemeetings.Wheneverpossible,lifeshouldbeapatternofexperiencetoenjoy,notsuffer.I’mtryingtorecognizethesemomentsnowandtreasurethem.“Someday”and“oneofthesedays”arebeinglostfrommyvocabulary.Ifit’sworthseeingorhearingordoing,Iwanttoseeandhearanddoitnow.I’mnotsurewhatmysisterwouldhavedoneifshehadknownshewouldn’thavetomorrow.Ithinkshewouldhavecalledfamilymembersandafewclosefriends.Shemighthavecalledafewformerfriendstoapologizeandmendherfencesforpastthings.IthinkshewouldhavegoneoutforaChinesedinner,herfavoritefood.IfIknewthatmyhourswerelimited,thoselittlethingsleftundonewouldmakemeangry.AngrybecauseIputoffseeinggoodfriendswhomIwasgoingtogetintouchwithsomeday.AngryandsorrybecauseIdidn’ttellmyhusbandanddaughteroftenenoughhowmuchItrulylovethem.I’mtryingveryhardnottoputoff,holdback,orsaveanythingthatwouldaddlaughtertoourlives.AndeverymorningwhenIopenmyeyes,Itellmyselfthateveryday,everyminute,everybreathtruly…,isagiftworthcherishing.5.WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkJanis?A.Meanandconservative. B.Activeandconfident.C.Economicalandintrovert(内向). D.Indifferentanddistant.6.Whichofthefollowingisnotthewriter’sattitudetolife?A.Spendingmoretimestayingwiththefamily.B.Enjoyinglifeandvaluingeveryday.C.Attendingsocialactivitiesasoftenaspossible.D.Tryingtogetalongwellwithfriends.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedexpression“mendherfencesforpast”?A.Breakherword. B.Trytobefriendlyagainwithsomeone.C.Giveupherpointofview. D.Keepherpromise.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Peopleareadvisedtotreasureeverydayandthemeaningoflife.B.Peopleareencouragedtobehardonthemselvesforabrightlife.C.Peoplearetoldtogetridofbeingangryandsorryinlife.D.Peoplearepersuadedtocareforthemselvesmorethanothers.【答案】5-8CCBA【解析】本文为记叙文。作者通过自己姐姐的故事告知我们，我们生活的每一天，每一分钟都应当珍惜，珍惜和家人、挚友相聚的每一分钟，去酷爱生活、爱四周的一切，因为这全部的都是上帝对我们的馈赠。5.细微环节理解题。依据第一段中““JanboughtthisthefirsttimewewenttoNewYork,atleasteightornineyearsago.Sheneverworeit.Shewassavingitforaspecialoccasion.””即这是我们第一次去纽约时简买的，至少是八、九年前的事了。她从没穿过它。她把它留到一个特别的场合可知，简是一个节俭的人；再依据第五段中的“Ithinkshewouldhavecalledfamilymembersandafewclosefriends.Shemighthavecalledafewformerfriendstoapologizeandmendherfencesforpastthings.”即我想她会给家人和几个亲密的挚友打电话，也可能会给几个以前的挚友打电话，为过去的事情致歉，修补关系可推知，简是一特性格内向的人。故C选项正确。6.细微环节理解题。依据第三段中“I’mspendingmoretimewithmyfamilyandfriendsandlesstimeincommitteemeetings.Wheneverpossible,lifeshouldbeapatternofexperiencetoenjoy,notsuffer.I’mtryingtorecognizethesemomentsnowandtreasurethem.”即“我”正花费更多的时间和我的家人挚友在一起，而去削减参与会议的时间。生活应是我们对每一次经验的享受。要去记住和珍惜这全部的时刻可知，C项（尽可能多地参与社会活动）明显与原文不符。故C选项正确。7.词义揣测题。划线词所在句意：她可能还会给几位从前挚友打电话主动致歉，摒弃前嫌，重归于好。B项（试着再次和别人友好相处）最符合句意。故B选项正确。8.推理推断题。本文作者通过讲解并描述自己姐姐的故事，告诫我们每一天都是重要的，不要把希望寄予到明天，要不断地从每一天中找到生活的真谛。故A选项正确。Passage3ThemassdeathofflyingfoxesinextremeheatinNorthQueenslandlastmonthunderlinestheimportanceofUniversityofQueenslandwildliferesearchreleasedtoday.TheUQresearchshedslightonhowvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents.AstudyledbyUQSchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalScienceresearcherDrSeanMaxwellhasspentmorethan70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesofvariousspecies.“Thegrowingfrequencyandintensityofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones,droughtsandfloodsiscausingunpredictableandimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagementefforts,”DrMaxwellsaid.“Someofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequiteconcerning,includingmorethan100casesofdramaticpopulationdeclinesand31casesoflocalpopulationextinctionfollowinganextremeevent.”“PopulationsofcriticallyendangeredbirdspeciesinHawaii,suchasthepalia,havebeenannihilatedduetodrought,leavingnoneofitskind,andpopulationsoflizardspecieshavebeenwipedoutduetocyclonesintheBahamas.”Cycloneswerethemostcommonextremeeventforbirds,fish,plantsandreptiles,whilemammalsandamphibiansweremostresponsivetodroughtevents,withdroughtleadingto12casesofmajorpopulationdeclineinmammals.Droughtalsoledto13casesofbreedingdeclinesinbirdpopulationsand12casesofchangesinthecompositionofinvertebratecommunities.UQCentreforBiodiversityandConservationSciencedirectorProfessorJamesWatsonsaidthedetailedinformationwouldhelpinformecosystemmanagement.“Theresearchclearlyshowsspecieswillrespond,oftennegatively,toextremeevents,”ProfessorWatsonsaid.“Asclimatechangecontinuestoensureextremeclimateandweathereventsaremoreandmorecommon,wenowneedtoacttoensurespecieshavethebestchancetosurvive.Whereverpossible,highqualityandintacthabitatareasshouldberetained,asthesearetheplaceswherespeciesaremostresilient(易复原的)toincreasingexposuretoextremeevents.”9.HowwastheUQresearchconducted?A.Byobservingextremeweatherevents.B.Byprotectingtheendangeredspecies.C.Byrecordingreactionsofanimalstoextremeclimate.D.Byanalyzingthereasonwhymassanimaldeathhappened.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“annihilated”inparagraph4probablymean?A.destroyed. B.defeated. C.decreased. D.disappeared.11.Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrueaboutextremeweatherevents?A.Droughtcaused13casesofdistinctioninbirdpopulations.B.Droughtcaused12casesofpopulationdeclineinmammals.C.Birdsandmammalsaremostresponsivetocyclones.D.Cycloneswipedoutpopulationsoflizard.【答案】9-11CDB【解析】本文为说明文。澳大利亚昆士兰地球与环境科学学院的探讨员肖恩•麦克斯韦博士领导了一项探讨，该探讨用了70多年的时间来记录和量化不同物种对重大气候事务的反应。昆士兰高校今日公布了这份关于野生动物探讨的报告。9.推理推断题。依据其次段说到英国昆士兰高校地球与环境科学学院的探讨员肖恩·麦克斯韦博士领导了一项探讨，该探讨用了70多年的时间来量化不同物种的反应可推知，英国昆士兰高校通过记录动物对极端气候的反应进行了这项探讨。故C选项正确。10.词义揣测题。依据第四段中划线词所在句中的leavingnoneofitskind（一只也不留下）可知，划线词意为“灭亡的”。A.destroyed：遭破坏的；B.defeated：击败的；C.decreased：削减的；D.disappeared：消逝的。故D选项正确。11.细微环节理解题。依据倒数第三段中的“whilemammalsandamphibiansweremostresponsivetodroughtevents,withdroughtleadingto12casesofmajorpopulationdeclineinmammals.”可知，哺乳动物和两栖动物对干旱气候最敏感，干旱导致12例哺乳动物的主要种群数量下降。故B选项正确。Passage4Whetheryouadmititornot,people’sloveforChristmasJumper(毛衣)aroundChristmashasincreasedoverrecentyears.AndwhileyoumaybelesswillingtogetinvolvedintheChristmasjumpertrend,ChristmasJumperDaynowenablesyoutodomorewithyourjumperthanbuildupsweatinanincrediblywarmoffice.TheoriginoftheChristmasjumpercandatebacktothelate19thcenturyintheUSA.Americansinthe1930sknitted(编织)forChristmastocreateanitemofclothingtokeepthem“warm”duringtheGreatDepressionwhenpeopleledapoora