高中英语语法 独立主格结构和with的复合结构

高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构独立主格结构的构成独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P.考点5）。Hishomeworkwasfinished,hewentouttoplay.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为：Hishomeworkfinished,hewentouttoplay.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。Hiswifewasill.Hehadtostayathome.Hearrivedathome.Hisfacewasred.Myhomeworkwasfinished.Iwentouttoplayfootballwithmyfriends.Irodeabikealongthestreet.Mydogwasfollowingme.Ihadtostayathome.Alotofhomeworkhadtobedone.ItrainedlastSunday.Ihadtostayathome.独立主格结构的构成名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityou

tomorrow.名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The

test

finished,

we

began

our

holiday.名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）

He

suggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.名词(代词)+副词Thegameover,thecrowdrushedtotheexit.名词(代词)+形容词Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold.名词(代词)

+介词短语Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.名词(代词)

+名词Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,werekilledthatnight.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：Withthetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.

（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②Thetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.(前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。Thewomanwithababyonherbackismyaunt.

背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但

with

的复合结构不受限制。Arobber

burst

into

the

room,

knife

in

hand.

Apolicemanranafterhim,withastickinhishand.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settling

C.tosettleD.beingsettledWithallthemagazinesIneeded______,Ileftthepostoffice.

A.buyingB.tobuy

C.boughtD.tobeboughtWithelectricity______,wecouldn’tdrivethemachine.

A.wascutoffB.beingcutoffC.cutoffD.havingcutoffEverything______intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking______moreandmoreforestsdamaged,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.By【2010山东】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready______foramealtobecooked.

A.laid B.laying C.tolayD.beinglaidManystudents______around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.

A.stoodB.standing

C.tostandD.werestanding【2012辽宁】Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog______them.

A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.followsTomlookedatJenny,tears______hiseyes,andshoutedthewords______inhisheartforyears.

A.filling;havingbeenhiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hidingWiththeboy______theway,wehadnotrouble______theway______toZhongshanPark______,hehadtostayathomeq329950885lookingafterher.

A.BeingillB.Hiswifewasill

C.HiswifebeingillD.Becausehewasill______,Johnreturnedtoschoolfromhishometown.

A.ThesummervacationbeingoverB.Thesummervacationisover

C.BecausethesummervacationoverD.AfterthesummervacationbeingoverTheoldsickgoatlayontheground,itseyes______anditslegs______.

A.closed;trembledB.closing;tremblingC.closed;tremblingD.closing;trembled.【2012全国新课标】Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather______.

A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permitWeleftthemeeting,thereobviously______nopointinstaying.

A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.havingAllflights______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.

A.werecanceledB.havingbeencanceled

C.hadbeencanceledD.havebeencanceled独立主格结构与定语从句由关系词引导的定语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof______translatedintoaforeignlanguage.

A.themB.whichC.itD.whatYoucanusealargeplasticbottle,______cutoff,asapottogrowyoungplantsin.

A.thetopisB.thetopofwhichC.whosetopD.withitstop【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,______arebeyondourcontrol.

A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthatTheEnglishmayors,mostof______girls,seldomwininthesportscompetitions.

A.themB.whomC.theyD.theTofindout,Frischbuiltspecialhives,______onlyonehoney-comb.

A.eachwithB.eachhasC.eachiswithD.eachofwhichhaving独立主格结构与状语从句状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语。______moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,someanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.

A.WithB.ByC.AsD.ForYouhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace______herfootwoundedsomuch.

A.forB.whenC.withD.while单句改错Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisewenton.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout2,000silverpennies,allofwhich600yearsold.Theyhadnowheretolive,becausetheirhousesdestroyedintheearthquake.【2005江西】Actually,Ididn’thavetowalkfarbeforeIfoundasmallhousestandinginafieldwithalightshonefromthesittingroom.语法填空（每空至多填三词）【2011湖北】Withthekey______(hold)inhishand，helookedforthemeverywhere.Conditions______（permit）,Iwillteachmyselfasecondforeignlanguage.There______(be)norainforalongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.Withmanyitemssheneeded______(buy)forher50-birthday-party,shewenttothesupermarketwithabigbasket.Everywhereyoucanseepeopleintheirholidaydress,theirface______(shine)w