2021-2022学年新教材高中英语课时性评价十八Unit6Developingideas练习含解析外研版必修第一册

十八Unit6Developingideas

TW基础全面练〃一

I.单词拼写

1.Located（坐落于）inthenorthoftheNorthChinaPlain,Beijinghasfourdistinct

seasons.Itishotandrainyinsummerandcoldanddryinwinter.

2.Themountainsactedasanaturalbarrier（障碍）tothespreadofthedisease.

3.Canyouexplainthestructure（结构）ofthesentencetome?I，mconfused.

4.Withnewtechnology,picturesofunderwatervalleys（山谷）canbetakenincolor.

5.HenryLucehadagrand（宏伟的）designforAmerica'sfuture.

6.Lifeislikeanocean（海洋）:Onlythestrong-willedcanreachtheothershore.

7.Shewasonly19whenherfirstnovelwaspublished（出版）.

8.You’11alsogetexpert（专家的）adviceonkeepingyourhairingoodcondition.

9.Heprovedhimselfatruegentlemanandthebeauty（美）ofhischaracterwasseen

atitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.

10.HisEnglishhasimproved（提高）rapidlybecauseofhisconnectionwithBritish

people.

II.完成句子

1.Thatresultcanonlyhaveapositiveeffecton（有积极影响）theworldaroundus.

2.Withanotherassistanttojoinintheexperiment,MrSmithmayspendmoretime

onteaching（花更多时间教学）.

3.There，snothingbetterthanspendingmoney（比花钱更好的）.

4.Thatitwillaffecttherealeconomyisnolongerindoubt（怀疑）.

5.WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching（春节来临）,studentsaretalkingabouttheir

planinthenextyear.

6.Withhishomeworkfinished（完成作业）,hewasallowedtoplayoutsidewithhis

friends.

7.Withsomuchtasktodo（这么多任务）,Ihavetostayuplatethisnight.

8.Shesaidgood-byetoherparentswithtearsinhereyes（含着泪）.

AW综合应用练〃一

I.阅读理解

A

（2021•南京高一检测）

TheVienna-basedresearchersshowedthatdogswillstopdoingasimpletaskwhen

notrewardedifanotherdog,whichcontinuestoberewardedispresent.

Theexperimentconsistedoftakingpairsofdogsandgettingthemtopresent

apawforareward.Ongivingthis“handshake“thedogsreceivedapieceoffood.

Oneofthedogswasthenaskedtoshakehands,butreceivednofood.Theotherdog

continuedtogetthefoodwhenitwasaskedtoperforinthetask.

Thedogwithouttherewardquicklystoppeddoingthetask,andshowedsigns

ofangerorstresswhenitspartnerwasrewarded.

Tomakesurethattheexperimentwasreallyshowingtheinteractionbetweenthe

dogsratherthanjustthefrustrationofnotbeingrewarded,asimilarexperiment

wasconductedwherethedogsperformedthetaskwithoutthepartner.Herethey

continuedtopresentthepawformuchlonger.

Dr.FrederikeRangefromtheUniversityofViennasaysthisshowsthatitwas

thepresenceoftherewardedpartnerthatwasthegreaterinfluenceontheirbehavior.

“Theonlydifferenceisthatonegetsfoodandtheotherdoesn,t.Theyare

respondingtobeingunequallyrewarded."shesays.

Theresearcherssaythiskindofbehavior,whereoneanimalgetsfrustrated

withwhatishappeningwithanother,hasonlybeenobservedinprimates（灵长类）

before.

Studieswithvarioustypesofmonkeysandchimpanzeesshowtheyreactnotonly

toseeingtheirpartnersreceivingrewardswhentheyarenot,butalsotothetype

ofreward.

Thedogstudyalsolookedatwhetherthetypeofrewardmadeadifference.Dogs

weregiveneitherbreadorsausage,butseemedtoreactequallytoeither.Dr.Range

saysthismaybebecausetheyhavebeentrained.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项实验表明狗也是有公平感的，介绍了其

实验过程以及动物在实验中的表现。

1.Thedogsrefusedtogivethepawwhenthey______.

A.foundanotherdogwasgivennothing

B.felttheywerenottreatedequally

C.wereawaretheyreceivedlessfood

D.weregiventoomuchreward

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段“Thedogwithouttherewardquickly

stoppeddoingthetask,andshowedsignsofangerorstresswhenitspartnerwas

rewarded.”可知，当狗感到没有得到平等对待时，它们就拒绝伸出爪子。故选B。

2.Whatwouldadogdoifitpresenteditspawalone?

A.Itwouldgoonwiththeperformancemuchlonger.

B.Itwouldbetooshytopresentitspaw.

C.Itwouldmissitspartner.

D.Itwouldcomparewhatitgotwiththatofanother.

【解析】选Ao细节理解题。根据第四段“Tomakesurethattheexperimentwasreally

showingtheinteractionbetweenthedogsratherthanjustthefrustrationofnotbeing

rewarded,asimilarexperimentwasconductedwherethedogsperformedthetask

withoutthepartner.Heretheycontinuedtopresentthepawformuchlonger.“可

知，如果是单独一只狗伸出它的爪子，它伸出爪子的时间会更长。故选A。

3.Accordingtothepassage,comparedwithdogs,monkeysandchimpanzees.

A.paynoattentiontothetypeofreward

B.onlyliketoplayinterestinggames

C.payattentiontothetypeofrewardaswellaswhethertheyarerewarded

D.caremoreabouthowtheyarerewarded

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Studieswithvarioustypesofmonkeysand

chimpanzeesshowtheyreactnotonlytoseeingtheirpartnersreceivingrewardswhen

theyarenot,butalsotothetypeofreward.”可知，与狗相比，猴子和黑猩猩更注

重奖赏的类型以及是否受到奖赏。故选C。

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

A.Animals,variouswaystoshowanger.

B.Dogsaremoreenviousthanhumanbeings.

C.Mostanimalswanttoberewardedfortheirwork.

D.Animalsalsohaveasenseoffairness.

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据倒数第四段"Theonlydifferenceisthatonegetsfood

andtheotherdoesn,t.Theyarerespondingtobeingunequallyrewarded.”结合文

章主要说明了一项实验表明狗也是有公平感的，介绍了其实验过程以及动物在实验中的表

现。这种行为以前只在灵长类动物中观察到过，说明动物和人一样，有公平意识。故选D。

B

AJourneytotheYosemiteFirefall

Eachyear,thousandsofpeopleareattractedtotheYosemiteNationalParkin

Californiaforachanceofseeing-andphotographing-theunique“firefall”.

Theamazing“firefall”comestolifeonlywhenthereisenoughwaterfromthemelting

（融化）snowtokeeptheHorsetailFallflowingandwhenthelightofthesettingsun

hitsthewaterfallattherightangle.ItcanonlybeseenforashorttimeinFebruary

onclearsunnydays.

Thisyear,theweatherisn'tstoppingthe“firefall“fromhappening,but

itismakingthejourneytoseeitmoredifficult.

“Whatwouldhavebeena1O-minutewalkturnedintoatwo-hourhikethroughdeep

snow?”photographerRyanFitzsimonssaidabouthisrecenttriptoseethephenomenon.

“Ourclotheswereallwetbythetimewegottoaviewingsite.Buttheheavysnow

madethesightmuchmorebeautifulsincethewaterfallismuchbiggerthisyear.”

AnotherphotographerAndyHeitzwasmakinghisfirsttriptoseethe“firefall”.

Hehadtowaitfivehoursintheextremecoldforhisturntotakeapicture.

“Igottothesiteatabout12:00atnoon.Theplacewasalreadyfilledwith

hundredsofpeoplewaitingtoseeandphotographthe'firefall'.Iwassolucky

thatIshotareallywonderfulburner!IwascompletelyamazedwithwhatIsaw,”

hesaid."Youknow,onlyonacoupledaysoftheyearinFebruaryandwhenthesun

setsdownattheperfectangletoshineonYosemite'sHorsetailFallcanweseethe

TireFall'.I911neverforgetwhatIhaveseen.”

The“firefall“shouldcontinuetobetherefrom20to24February.Butpark

officialssaidthatthere'snoguarantee（保证）thatvisitorswillseeitonany

givenday.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国加州约塞米蒂的“火瀑布”。

5.Whenmightbethebesttimetotakepicturesofthe“firefall”?

A.Earlyinthemorning.

B.Atnoon.

C.Lateintheafternoon.

D.Atnight.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Theamazing'firefallJcomestolifeonly

whenthereisenoughwaterfromthemeltingsnowtokeeptheHorsetailFallflowing

andwhenthelightofthesettingsunhitsthewaterfallattherightangle.“可

知，“火瀑布”形成于日落时分，也是最好的拍照时间。故选C。

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“burner“inParagraph5referto?

A.Aworkerinthekitchen.

B.ThefireintheYosemiteNationalPark.

C.Apartofacookerorstove.

D.TheuniqueHorsetailFallinthesettingsun.

【解析】选Do词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子后面内容“Youknow,onlyonacoupledays

oftheyearinFebruaryandwhenthesunsetsdownattheperfectangletoshineon

Yosemite，sHorsetailFallcanweseethe4FireFall'.”可知，他拍到了完美的“火

瀑布”。由此推知，画线词burner指的就是TheuniqueHorsetailFallinthesettingsun.

（夕阳下独特的马尾瀑布）。故选D。

7.Whymightthe“firefall“disappearbetween20to24Februarythisyear?

A.Therewouldn'tbeenoughsnow.

B.Itmightbetoocloudy.

C.Thewaterfallmightnotfreeze.

D.Thesnowmightmettoofast.

【解析】选Bo推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Itcanonlybeseenforashorttimein

Februaryonclearsunnydays,结合文章第三段中的“Buttheheavysnowmadethesight

muchmorebeautifulsincethewaterfallismuchbiggerthisyear.“可知，今年刚

下了大雪，所以“火瀑布”可能会消失的原因只能是没有太阳。故选B。

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceanattraction.

B.Togivesuggestionsforatrip.

C.ToadvertiseaparkintheUS.

D.Toexplainwhatisa,firefall".

【解析】选A。推理判断题。结合文章的题目"AJourneytotheYosemiteFirefall（约塞

米蒂“火瀑布”之旅）”和文章内容可知，文章的主要目的是介绍一个著名的景观一一约塞

米蒂“火瀑布”。故选A。

II.应用文写作

假定你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，主题为“如何爱护我们的校园环境”，请向校

报投稿发表自己的观点。

注意：1.词数80个左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

Deareditors,

Sincewehavestayedatschoolmostofourtimesincewestartedtostudy,Ithink

itisourdutytokeepourschoolcleanandtidy.

Weshouldn'tleaverubbisheverywhereandspitupontheground,ifanyonesees

othersdoingsuchthings,he/sheshouldpreventhim/her,andlethim/hercleanit.

Wemustn,tpicktheflowersorsteponthegrassorcarveonthetreesintheschool

forthoseplantsnotonlymakeourschoolbeautiful,butalsocleantheair,weshould

evenplantflowersandtreesaspossibleaswecan.Wemustn'tdrawandscratchon

thedeskandthewall.Iamthinkingthatifwetreatallthethingsintheschool

asseriouslyasthoseinourhome,ourschoolwi11beascleanandtidyasourhome.

i.阅读理解

（2021•成都高一检测）

In2015,Chennaiwasdestroyedbyoneoftheworstfloodsinoveracentury,

leavingthousandswithoutfood,waterandsupplies.Duringtheflood,manyheroes

arose,oneofwhomwasSantosh,ayoungmanwhoownedatake-outrestaurantin

Chennai.

WhenthefirstfloodhitinNovember,hegotacallfromacompanycalledNaga

Rava.Thecompanyaskedhimtoprepare5,000packetsoffoodandgivethemtothe

floodvictims.He,withhispartners,tooktheorder,cookedfor14hoursand

delivered（递送）them.Butthatnight,astheysattogetherdiscussingtheeventof

theday,theyactuallyfeltashamed（羞愧）.“HerewasamannotevenfromChennai

andhewasgoingoutofhiswaytohelptheaffectedpeople.We,whilelivinghere,

hadnotreallydoneanythingourselvesforourownpeople,“saidSantoshlater.

Hethenbeganthegroundworkforacollectiontohelpcookmoredishes.Little

didheknowthattheNovemberfloodwasjustthebeginning,andtherealshowwas

abouttobegin.TheDecemberfloodaffectedthemal1.Hisownhousegotfloodedand

hisfamilywastrappedonthesecondfloor.Theylostphoneconnectionandelectricity.

Inspiteofthis,Santoshwentbackoutintotheflood,creatingakitchenand

preparingfoodallbyhimselfforthevictims.

Hedidnotsleepforfourdays,takingaone-hourbreakeverydayashekept

oncooking.Aswordgotoutaboutthisman'seffort,otherssteppedouttojoin

him.Fromchildrentotheelderly,strangerscametohelphimincooking,packing

andtransportingfood.Upto300volunteersworkedtogethertomakeitallhappen.

Bythetimethefourthdayfinallycametoanend,Santoshandhisteamhadprepared

170,000foodboxesanddeliveredthemtopeopleinneed.

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在金奈发生一个多世纪以来最严重的洪灾期间，

Santosh和一些好心人准备了170000份盒饭救援灾区的故事。

1.WhatinspiredSantoshtohelptheaffectedpeople?

A.Acallforhelp.

B.Hiscookingskills.

C.Anactofkindnessofastranger.

D.Theencouragementfromhispartners.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，"HerewasamannotevenfromChennai

andhewasgoingoutofhiswaytohelptheaffectedpeople.We,whilelivinghere,

hadnotreallydoneanythingourselvesforourownpeople”可知，是一个陌生人的善

举激励Santosh帮助灾民。故选C。

2.Whatdoes“therealshow”inthethirdparagraphreferto?

A.Thehelpandsupport.

B.Thesevererflood.

C.Santosh'sfamilysuffering.

D.Santosh'scookingmorefood.

【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“LittledidheknowthattheNovemberflood

wasjustthebeginning,andtherealshowwasabouttobegin.TheDecemberflood

affectedthemall."可知，12月份的洪水比11月份造成的后果严重，所以此处的"the

realshow”指的是12月更严重的洪水。故选B。

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSantosh?

A.Energeticandhelpful.

B.Determinedandclever.

C.Selflessandcaring.

D.Kindandwise.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，Santosh的家也遭受了洪水，但是他依然去

帮助其他受灾的人们。这说明他无私且乐于助人。故选C。

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ManyHandsMakeLightWork

B.KindnessIsItsOwnReward

C.MajorFloodsBroughtChallengesToPeople

D.AManCooked170,000MealsForTheAffected

【解析】选D。标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了在金奈发生的严重的洪灾期间，Santosh和一些

好心人准备了170000份盒饭救援灾区的故事，所以I）项适合作本文的标题。故选D。

【I.语法填空

（2021•镇江高一检测）

Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontrolthe

worldtheylived1.,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegan

todependlesson2.couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreon

animalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson3.________huntingandgathering,so

peoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood

4.(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepowerof

technology5.(change)lives.

Byabout6000BC,people6.(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimals

toraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe7.(season),plantingatthe

righttimeand,indryareas,8.(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌

溉)theirfields.

Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with9.rise

ofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods10.(mean)thatfewerpeopleworked

infarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpower

machineryandartificialfertilizers(化月巴)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflife

thatstartedintheStoneAge.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。

1.【解析】in。考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来

控制他们所居住的