安徽省合肥市高三下学期最后一卷英语试题

合肥一六八中学2024届高三最后一卷英语试题本试题卷共8页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．WhatwillSandydoontheweekend?A．Workonherpaper.B．Gopicnicking.C．Collectdataforherplan.2．Whatwasthenormalpriceofthescarf?A．$15．B．$30．C．$50．3．WhathasthewomandecidedtodoonSunday?A．Attendawedding.B．Pickupafriend.C．Visitanexhibition.4．WhendoesthepostofficecloseonSaturdays?A．At1:30p.m.B．At3:30p.m.C．At4:30p.m.5．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inabookstore.B．Inaclassroom.C．Atahotel.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．WhatdoweknowaboutSandra?A．Shelikestoworkwithothergirls.B．Sheprefersaroomofherown.C．Shelivesjustinthedowntown.7．Whatisgoodabouttheapartment?A．Ithasalargesittingroom.B．Ithasalotofnewfurniture.C．Ithasawellequippedkitchen.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．WherehasLindabeen?A．Mumbai.B．NewDelhi.C．Calcutta.9．WhathasLindagotinhersuitcase?A．Books.B．Shoes.C．Stones.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10．WhatisJackLewisdoingnow?A．Heissightseeing.B．Heisonbusiness.C．Heischairingameeting.11．WhatpossiblerelationisthewomantoMr.Lewis?A．Hiswife.B．Hisboss.C．Hissecretary.12．Whatisthemessageabout?A．Abusinessconference.B．AvisittoLiverpool.C．Thedateforatrip.13．Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A．Signanagreement.B．Confirmameeting.C．Decidetheproject.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．WhendidDorothyhandinthereport?A．OnDecember1st.B．OnDecember3rd.C．OnDecember5th.15．WhydidProfessorScottreturnDorothy’sreport?A．Itwaslateforthedeadline.B．Itlackedsomekeyinformation.C．Itfocusedjustonthecoffeebrand.16．WhatisthemostimportanttoLuckin’ssuccess?A．Thetasteofitscoffee.B．ItsallroundserviceC．Itsscientificmanagement.17．WhatdoestheprofessoradviseDorothytodo?A．Toleaveoutsomefigures.B．Tochangeanewtopic.C．Todomoreresearch.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．WhatkindofEnglishlessonsdoesthespeakerremend?A．Listeningandspeaking.B．Readingandwriting.C．Examinationskills.19．Whatismentionedasanadvantageofthespeaker’sonlinecourse?A．Itimproveslearners’Englishskillsquickly.B．Ithelpstomakefriendswithforeigners.C．Itofferslearnersbetterstudymethods.20．What’sthespeaker’sideaaboutlearningEnglish?A．Beingconfidentinlearning.B．Havingclearlearninggoals.C．LearningEnglishlittlebylittle.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASentryMead,IsleofWightSentryMeadisanidealdestinationwithninebeautifullydecoratedbedrooms.Theattentiontodetailisexceptional.Hence,eachroomenjoysitsownuniqueness.Andguestsdelightinfeaturessuchaspilesofbooks,homemadecupcakes,chocolatesandapillowmenu.Dogsareweledandareallowedeverywhereexceptthediningroom.Besideswalksandtreats,thereareblanketsforthemtoo.TheHalfwayBridge,WestSussexTheHalfwayBridge,awelingvillagepubwithrooms,isoriented(指向的)towardsrurallife,famousforitsdeliciouslocalandfreshfood—theirburgersareparticularlypopular.Roomsareinasinglestoryblockbehindthepub,andoffercontemporaryruralstyle.Dogscanstayinselectroomswithgardenaccess.Treatsforfourleggedfriendsareavailableinthelounge(大厅)andbarandthere’salwaysawaterbowltohand.TheFalcondale,WalesTheFalcondaleisaromanticdestination.Stayinavalleyviewroomandenjoytheteapot.coffeepotandshortbreadavailableinallrooms.Dogsnotonlyenjoythelandscape,butcansitwithyouinpartoftherestaurant.There’saluxuryCanineRetreatpackageavailable.Bowls,blankets,towels,messbags,leads,atorchandanoutdoortapareprovided,aswellastreats,atemperaturecontrolleddogbathandadogdiningmenu.TheTraddock,AustwickTheplacetogoforwalking,especiallyifyouchoosetobringthedogwithyou.TheTraddockisawelecountryhouseintheYorkshireDalesnationalpark.Homelyandwarm,roomsaredecoratedinfortingstylebutwithaclearsenseofluxurytoo.Locallysourcedfoodalwaystakescenterstage.Thepersonalweleextendstofourleggedfriendswhowilllovethemanysurroundingwalksandthepeacefulgarden.Afteradayoutdoors,theycanrelaxintheloungeandbar.1.WhatisspecialaboutSentryMead?A.Itwelesdogs. B.Itisdetailfocused.C.Ithasluxuryrooms. D.Ithasfinedecorations.2.WhyistheCanineRetreatpackageoffered?A.Tohavedogsexamined. B.Tocreateadatabaseofdogs.C.Totakegoodcareofdogs. D.Topromotesomedogfood.3.Whatdothehotelshaveinmon?A.Theyaredogfriendly. B.Theyareinthedowntown.C.Theyhaveruralscenery. D.Theyhavedogshelters.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几处允许带狗入住的旅游目的地。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据SentryMead,IsleofWight标题下的“Theattentiontodetailisexceptional.Hence,eachroomenjoysitsownuniqueness.(对细节的关注是非同寻常的。因此，每个房间都有自己的独特之处)”可知，SentryMead的独特之处在于它注重细节。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheFalcondale,Wales标题下的“There’saluxuryCanineRetreatpackageavailable.Bowls,blankets,towels,messbags,leads,atorchandanoutdoortapareprovided,aswellastreats,atemperaturecontrolleddogbathandadogdiningmenu.(有豪华的犬类疗养套餐可供选择。酒店提供碗、毯子、毛巾、餐袋、引线、手电筒和户外水龙头，以及零食、温控狗棒和狗餐菜单)”可知，CanineRetreatpackage能够很好的照顾狗狗们。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据SentryMead,IsleofWight标题下的“ Dogsareweledandareallowedeverywhereexceptthediningroom.

(狗是受欢迎的，除了餐厅外，其他地方都允许养狗)”, TheHalfwayBridge,WestSussex标题下的“Dogscanstayinselectroomswithgardenaccess.(狗狗可以入住带花园的精选客房)”, TheFalcondale,Wales标题下的“Dogsnotonlyenjoythelandscape,butcansitwithyouinpartoftherestaurant.

(狗狗不仅可以欣赏风景，还可以和你一起坐在餐厅的一部分)”以及“Theplacetogoforwalking,especiallyifyouchoosetobringthedogwithyou.

(散步的地方，尤其是如果你选择带狗的话)”可知，这四处旅游目的地的共同之处是都可带狗入住，对狗狗很友好。故选A。BColorado’sGraysPeakrises14,278feetabovesealevel,highenoughthattreescan’tgrowtowardsthetop,thoughthereareplentyofbushes,rocks,etc.ItwasinthisunforgivingplacethatBevWedelstedtwasunluckyenoughtohaveabitterexperience.ItwasAugust2018,andWedelsted,56,wasonherwaybackdownthetrail(小路)withthreefriends.Astormwasupon,andtheywereanxioustogetoffthemountain.Whentheyapproachedarockydropofacoupleoffeet,Wedelstedtdecidedthatinsteadofshakingdownonherhip—thesafewaytogo—shewouldleap.Thenshelandedonherleftlegandheardasnap(劈啪声).Everystepafterthatwaspainful.Beforelong,shehadtostop.Asonefriendrandowntogethelp,anumberofotherhikers,allstrangers,attemptedtohelpherdownthenarrowtrailbywalkingoneithersideofhertosupportherweight,butthatprovedslowanddangerous.Finally,onehiker,Matt,askedher,“Howdoyoufeelaboutafireman’scarry?”Beforesheknewit,heliftedheroverhisshoulder.Mattclearlycouldn’tcarryherallthewaydownbyhimself.Sosixhikersandoneofherfriendsfollowed.Threehoursandtwomountainousmileslater,thishumanconveyorbeltfinallymettheambulancemen,whotookWedelstedttothehospital.NowWedelstedthasmostlyrecoveredfromherillfatedhike,butsheknowsshe’llnevershakeonethingfromthatday:thememoryofthebandofstrangerswhocametoherrescue.“ItoldthemIwantedtomeetalotofguys,butthisisn’tthewayIwantedtodoit.I’mstillinawenow,”shesaid.4.Whatisthewritingpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tocallonreaderstohaveatripthere.B.TointroducethesceneryofGraysPeak.C.Toshowthedifficultsituationforhikers.D.TodescribeWedelstedt’sfavoritetravel.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Walkingdowntherockymountain.B.SupportingWedelstedttowalk.C.Leapingfromthemountaintop.D.KeepingWedelstedtonthetrail.6.HowdidstrangershelpWedelstedt?A.Bygivingherencouragement. B.Bysupportingheronbothsides.C.Byfollowingheralltheway. D.Bycarryingherbyturns.7.WhatdoesWedelstedtwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Sheisstillscarednowadays. B.Shewillforgetthesadevent.C.Shehasafreshgoodmemory. D.Sheisrespectfultothestrangers.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Wedelstedt在下山时不幸伤到了她左腿，得到一群陌生人的帮助，她的朋友以及其他的登山客组成一条“人肉”传送带，用接力的方式将她背下山的故事，这使得Wedelstedt终生难忘他们的帮助。【4题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“Colorado’sGraysPeakrises14,278feetabovesealevel,highenoughthattreescan’tgrowtowardsthetop,thoughthereareplentyofbushes,rocks,etc.ItwasinthisunforgivingplacethatBevWedelstedtwasunluckyenoughtohaveabitterexperience.(科罗拉多州的格雷斯峰海拔14278英尺，高到树木无法向顶部生长，尽管那里有很多灌木、岩石等。正是在这个无情的地方，BevWedelstedt不幸经历了一次痛苦的经历)”和第二段中“Thenshelandedonherleftlegandheardasnap(劈啪声).(然后她左腿着地，听到啪的一声)”Wedelstedt受伤可知，谈及第一段是为了展示科罗拉多州的格雷斯峰对徒步旅行者来说存在的艰难处境。故选C项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段中“Asonefriendrandowntogethelp,anumberofotherhikers,allstrangers,attemptedtohelpherdownthenarrowtrailbywalkingoneithersideofhertosupportherweight,butthatprovedslowanddangerous.(当一个朋友跑下来寻求帮助时，其他一些徒步旅行者，都是陌生人，试图帮助她沿着狭窄的小路走下去，在她两侧行走以支撑她的体重，但事实证明，that既缓慢又危险)”可知，that指代上文已提到的内容，上文讲到其他人试图搀扶着她下山，可得出that指代“支撑Wedelstedt行走”。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中“Beforesheknewit,heliftedheroverhisshoulder.Mattclearlycouldn’tcarryherallthewaydownbyhimself.Sosixhikersandoneofherfriendsfollowed.Threehoursandtwomountainousmileslater,thishumanconveyorbeltfinallymettheambulancemen,whotookWedelstedttothehospital.(在她意识到这一点之前，马特已把她抱在自己肩上。马特显然不能一个人把她抱下去。于是，六名徒步旅行者和她的一个朋友紧随其后。三个小时零两英里后，这条人类传送带终于遇到了救护人员，救护人员将Wedelstedt送往医院)”可知，陌生人通过轮流抱着Wedelstedt下山来帮助她。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中“butsheknowsshe’llnevershakeonethingfromthatday:thememoryofthebandofstrangerswhocametoherrescue.“ItoldthemIwantedtomeetalotofguys,butthisisn’tthewayIwantedtodoit.I’mstillinawenow,”shesaid.(但她知道，从那一天起，她永远不会动摇一件事：对前来营救她的一群陌生人的记忆。她说：“我告诉他们我想见见很多人，但这不是我想要的方式。我仍然很钦佩。”)”可知，Wedelstedt终生难忘陌生人的帮助，对他们表示尊敬。故选D项。COnFriday,studentsaroundtheworldwillwalkoutoftheirclassroomsandgatherinjointproteststohighlighttheglobalcrisiscreatedbyclimatechange.Thegoal?Togetelectedofficialsandindustryleaderstoactuallyacttostoptheingdisaster.Climatechangeposesaterriblethreattohumanity,andpoliticiansaren’tdoingenoughtofindsolutions,protestorganizerswroteontheGlobalClimateStrikewebsite.Greenhousegasemissions(排放)areaprimarydriverofglobalwarming,butleadershavebeenirresoluteaboutabandoningfossilfuels,evenasglobaltemperaturescontinuetoclimb.Strikesandprotestsbystudentsinmorethan2,500locationsaimtoshowthattheyoungergenerationswon’tstandeasilybywhiletheirfuture—andtheirplanet—hanginthebalance.Thestrikefollowsasummerofextremeweatherlinkedtoclimatechange:strangeglobalheatwaves,wildfiresandicelossfromglaciers(冰川).InJuly,threestudiesfoundthattheglobalclimateischangingmorequicklythanithasinthepast2,000years.SixteenyearoldSwedishclimateactivistGretaThunberg,whoiscurrentlyvisitingNewYorkCity,isoneofthestrike’skeyorganizers.ThunbergwillspeakataFridaydemonstrationatFoleySquarethereat12p.m.localtime,afterwhichprotesterswillmarchtoBatteryPark.ThunbergwillalsoaddresstheUNClimateActionSummitonSeptember23.Theemergencymeetingisbeingorganizedsothatworldleaderscanpresent“concrete,realisticplans”forreducinggreenhousegasemissions,withthegoalofreachingzeroemissionsby2050,accordingtoaUNstatement.ThousandsofprotestsareplannedforFriday—justthreedayspriortothesummit—andcollectively,theywillbethebiggestclimateactioninhistory.8.Whywillstudentsgathertogether?A.Tomaketheirvoiceheardbyleaders.B.Tocallonmovestoprotecttheearth.C.Tocelebratethenewlyelectedofficials.D.Toorganizeabigprotestforcivilrights.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“irresolute”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Hesitant. B.Concerned. C.Decisive. D.Thoughtful.10.WhatisthegoaloftheSeptember23meeting?A.Electingnewleadersofthesummit.B.ReorganizingtheUNdepartment.C.Reachingzeroemissionsby2050.D.Protectingthewholehumanbeings.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GlobalStudentsMobilizeforClimateActionB.WhyNotJointheStudentsforaNewPlanet?C.OrganizeaClimateTalkfortheOnlyEarthD.ANewStrikeWillBeStagedWorldwide【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了周五世界各地的学生将走出教室，聚集在一起举行联合抗议活动，以突显气候变化造成的全球危机，呼吁全球政府采取气候行动措施的故事。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“OnFriday,studentsaroundtheworldwillwalkoutoftheirclassroomsandgatherinjointproteststohighlighttheglobalcrisiscreatedbyclimatechange.Thegoal?Togetelectedofficialsandindustryleaderstoactuallyacttostoptheingdisaster.(周五，世界各地的学生将走出教室，聚集在一起举行联合抗议活动，以突显气候变化造成的全球危机。目标？让民选官员和行业领袖切实采取行动，阻止即将到来的灾难)”可知，学生将聚集在一起，是因为他们想通过抗议来呼吁民选官员和行业领袖采取行动保护地球。故选B项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。由第二段中“Greenhousegasemissions(排放)areaprimarydriverofglobalwarming,butleadershavebeenirresoluteaboutabandoningfossilfuels,evenasglobaltemperaturescontinuetoclimb.(温室气体排放是全球变暖的主要驱动因素，但尽管全球气温持续攀升，各国领导人仍对放弃化石燃料irresolute)”和常识可知，人类依旧在使用煤、石油、天然气等化石燃料，可得出各国领导人仍对放弃化石燃料犹豫不决，划线词意为“犹豫的（Hesitant）”。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中“ThunbergwillalsoaddresstheUNClimateActionSummitonSeptember23.Theemergencymeetingisbeingorganizedsothatworldleaderscanpresent“concrete,realisticplans”forreducinggreenhousegasemissions,withthegoalofreachingzeroemissionsby2050,accordingtoaUNstatement.(桑伯格还将于9月23日在联合国气候行动峰会上发表讲话。根据联合国的一份声明，正在组织紧急会议，以便世界领导人能够提出减少温室气体排放的“具体、现实的计划”，目标是到2050年实现零排放)”可知，9月23日会议的目标是到2050年实现零排放。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中“OnFriday,studentsaroundtheworldwillwalkoutoftheirclassroomsandgatherinjointproteststohighlighttheglobalcrisiscreatedbyclimatechange.(周五，世界各地的学生将走出教室，聚集在一起举行联合抗议活动，以突显气候变化造成的全球危机)”，第三段中“Strikesandprotestsbystudentsinmorethan2,500locationsaimtoshowthattheyoungergenerationswon’tstandeasilybywhiletheirfuture—andtheirplanet—hanginthebalance.(2500多个地点的学生罢课和抗议旨在表明，当他们的未来和地球悬而未决时，年轻一代不会轻易袖手旁观)”和其它段落可知，文章讲述了周五世界各地的学生将走出教室，聚集在一起举行联合抗议活动，以突显气候变化造成的全球危机，呼吁全球政府采取气候行动措施的故事，A项“全球学生动员起来采取气候行动”符合文意。故选A项。DFollowingasustainablediet,alsoknownasa“planetaryhealthdiet”,includeswholegrains,fruits,nuts,greenvegetables,andoliveoil,canbeawinwinforyourhealthandtheplanet,accordingtoanewresearch.ThenewresearchconductedbyscientistsfromtheHarvardTHChanSchoolofPublicHealthhasrevealedthatpeoplewhoeatmoreenvironmentallysustainablefoodhavea25percentlowerriskofmortality(死亡)paredtothosewithalesssustainablediet,likeeggs,theredandprocessedmeat.Thefindingsshowthattheparticipantswithagoodplanetaryhealthdiethadareducedriskofallcausesofdeathmeasuredinthestudy.Thestudyinvolvedover100,000participantsintheUSA,witha30yearcheckupperiod.AccordingtoLinhBui,thePhDcandidateatHarvard,theresearchteamintegrateddataonthehealthoutesofspecificfoodsandtheirenvironmentalimpact,creatingaPlanetaryHealthDietIndex(指数),andgavetheparticipantsscoresbasedontheirdiets.Usingthis,theyassessedtherelationshipbetweenthescoresandtheparticipants’healthoutes.“Theresultsconfirmedourprevioushypothesis(假设)thatahigherPlanetaryHealthDietscorewasassociatedwithalowerriskofdeath,”saidBui.ThepeoplewiththehighestPlanetaryHealthIndexscoreshada25percentloweroverallriskofdeaththanthosewiththelowestscores.Theenvironmentalimpactofthefoodswasevaluatedbyfactorssuchaswateruse,landuse,package,pollution,andgreenhousegasemissions.Theresearchershopethattheecoindexcanbeusedasasimpletoolforpolicymakersandpublichealthservicestoimprovehumanhealthandtackletheclimatecrisis.However,theyacknowledgethattheindexdoesnottakeintoaccountcertainchallengesthatpeoplemayhaveinfollowingasustainablediet,suchashealthconditionsofthesubjectsandwhatculturestheyefrom.Theyhopethatfurtherresearchwilladdressthesebarriers,aswellasrelationshipsbetweenfoodsanddiseasestailoredtoparticularcountries.12Whatdidthenewresearchfindaboutasustainablediet?A.Itisadoubleedgedsword.B.Itcanreducetheriskofdeath.C.Itismainlyposedofgreens.D.Itislessfriendlytotheenvironment.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theapproachesadoptedinthestudy.B.Newconfirmationabouttheresults.C.Supportingevidenceforthetheory.D.Potentialbenefitsoftheresearch.14.Howwastheenvironmentalimpactofthefoodsdetermined?A.Byanalyzingtheirelements. B.Bymeasuringtheirnutrition.C.Byexaminingtheirpackaging. D.Byassessingtheirecofootprint.15.Whatmightfurtherresearchaimtodealwith?A.Individualpreferences.B.Prospectivefoodaccess.C.Culturebasedhealthyfood.D.Sustainablefoodalternatives.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，遵循可持续饮食，也被称为“全球健康饮食”对你的健康和地球都是双赢的。【12题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“ThenewresearchconductedbyscientistsfromtheHarvardTHChanSchoolofPublicHealthhasrevealedthatpeoplewhoeatmoreenvironmentallysustainablefoodhavea25percentlowerriskofmortality(死亡)paredtothosewithalesssustainablediet,likeeggs,theredandprocessedmeat.Thefindingsshowthattheparticipantswithagoodplanetaryhealthdiethadareducedriskofallcausesofdeathmeasuredinthestudy.(哈佛大学公共卫生学院的科学家进行的一项新研究显示，与那些吃鸡蛋、红肉和加工肉等不太可持续饮食的人相比，吃更环保的食物的人死亡风险降低了25%。研究结果表明，在研究中测量的所有死因中，拥有良好的行星健康饮食的参与者的风险都降低了。)”可知，可持续的饮食可以降低死亡风险。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段“Thestudyinvolvedover100,000participantsintheUSA,witha30yearcheckupperiod.AccordingtoLinhBui,thePhDcandidateatHarvard,theresearchteamintegrateddataonthehealthoutesofspecificfoodsandtheirenvironmentalimpact,creatingaPlanetaryHealthDietIndex(指数),andgavetheparticipantsscoresbasedontheirdiets.Usingthis,theyassessedtherelationshipbetweenthescoresandtheparticipants’healthoutes.(这项研究涉及美国超过10万名参与者，为期30年检查期。哈佛大学博士生LinhBui表示，研究团队整合了特定食物的健康结果及其对环境的影响的数据，创建了行星健康饮食指数，并根据参与者的饮食给他们打分。利用这一点，他们评估了分数与参与者健康结果之间的关系。)”可知，第3段主要介绍了研究中采用的方法。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段“Theenvironmentalimpactofthefoodswasevaluatedbyfactorssuchaswateruse,landuse,package,pollution,andgreenhousegasemissions.Theresearchershopethattheecoindexcanbeusedasasimpletoolforpolicymakersandpublichealthservicestoimprovehumanhealthandtackletheclimatecrisis.(通过用水、土地利用、包装、污染和温室气体排放等因素来评估食品对环境的影响。研究人员希望，生态指数可以作为政策制定者和公共卫生服务部门改善人类健康和应对气候危机的简单工具。)”可知，食物对环境的影响是通过评估其生态足迹来确定的。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“However,theyacknowledgethattheindexdoesnottakeintoaccountcertainchallengesthatpeoplemayhaveinfollowingasustainablediet,suchashealthconditionsofthesubjectsandwhatculturestheyefrom.Theyhopethatfurtherresearchwilladdressthesebarriers,aswellasrelationshipsbetweenfoodsanddiseasestailoredtoparticularcountries.(然而，他们承认，该指数没有考虑到人们在遵循可持续饮食方面可能面临的某些挑战，例如受试者的健康状况以及他们来自什么文化。他们希望进一步的研究能够解决这些障碍，以及针对特定国家的食品和疾病之间的关系。)”可知，进一步的研究旨在处理基于文化的健康食品。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Panicattackscauseasuddenintensefearwhennodangerispresentorthereisnoidentifiabletrigger(诱因).Thisfearactivatesthebody’semergencysystem,causingthephysicalfightorflightreactions.____16____Learntobeflexible.IfyouaresittingonthecouchwatchingTVandyoustarttofeelapanicattack,don’tcontinuetositthereandthinkaboutit.Getupanddosomethingelse!Leaveyourdeskandapplysomecoldwatertoyourface.Callafriend.Orjustleavethehousetogetsomefreshair.____17____Workout.Whenfeelingpanic,itcanbeeffectivetomatchtheintensityoftheanxietywithphysicalexercise.Justgooutside,walkenergeticallyaroundtheblock,orwalkupanddownthestairsuntilthefeelingpasses.Gentleexerciseislesseffectivewhileintenseexercisecanmakeitdifficulttothinkaboutanythingelse.____18____Peopletendtotensetheirmuscleswhenhavinganxietyandpanic.Breatheproperly.____19____Naturally,peoplemaybreathedeeperandthenmakethesituationworse.Sodoitslowlythroughyournosebypushingyourabdomen(腹部)outfor57seconds.Holdyourbreathforafewsecondsandthenbreatheitoutthroughyourmouthslowly.____20____Picksomethingobjectiveandstudyitdeeply,Thendescribeeverydetailofit.Whenyoufinishoneitem,moveontodescribeotheritems.Forexample,Whatistheleaflike?Doesithavesmoothedges?Whatisitscolor?Aresomenewleavesingout?Thisexercisecanhelpbringyoubacktothemomentandawayfromfocusingonphysicalsensations.A.Shiftyourfocus.B.Enhancemusclebuilding.C.Incorrectbreathingcanleadtoshortnessofbreath.D.Physicalexercisecanalsohelpyourmusclesrelax.E.Ifnotcontrolled,theycanbeterrifyingandlifechanging.F.Sousethesetoolstomeasureitwhenapanicattackstarts.G.Inaword,don’tremaininthesameenvironmentwheneverpossible.【答案】16.E17.G18.D19.C20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了应对恐慌发作的方法：保持灵活性以转移注意力、进行体力锻炼减轻焦虑、正确呼吸避免呼吸急促、转移焦点至外界事物以恢复当下的感知，帮助控制恐慌发作并缓解其影响。【16题详解】上文“Thisfearactivatesthebody’semergencysystem,causingthephysicalfightorflightreactions.

(这种恐惧会激活身体的应急系统，引发生理上的战斗或逃跑反应)”说明恐惧会引发身体的应急系统，从而导致生理上的战斗或逃跑反应。空处总结前文，说明这样会产生的后果。E项“Ifnotcontrolled,theycanbeterrifyingandlifechanging.(如果不加以控制，它们会变得可怕，甚至改变你的生活)”承接上文，说明如果恐慌发作所造成的应激反应如果不得到控制可能会带来的危害；选项中的代词“they”指代前文中的“physicalfightorflightreactions”，由此可知，E项符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】上文“IfyouaresittingonthecouchwatchingTVandyoustarttofeelapanicattack.don’tcontinuetositthereandthinkaboutit.Getupanddosomethingelse!Leaveyourdeskandapplysomecoldwatertoyourface.Callafriend.Orjustleavethehousetogetsomefreshair.

(如果你坐在沙发上看电视，你开始感到恐慌。别再坐在那里想了。起来做点别的吧！离开你的桌子，在脸上涂些冷水。打给朋友。或者干脆离开家去呼吸新鲜空气)”说明在感到恐慌时采取行动，比如离开沙发去做其他事情、洗脸、给朋友打或出门透气。空处总结前文，说明要灵活的面对各种带给我们恐惧的环境。G项“Inaword,don’tremaininthesameenvironmentwheneverpossible.(总之，尽可能不要呆在同一个环境中)”符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】上文“Justgooutside,walkenergeticallyaroundtheblock,orwalkupanddownthestairsuntilthefeelingpasses.Gentleexerciseislesseffectivewhileintenseexercisecanmakeitdifficulttothinkaboutanythingelse.(只要走出去，精力充沛地在街区里走来走去，或者上下楼梯，直到这种感觉过去。温和的运动效果较差，而剧烈的运动会让人很难思考其他事情)”说明运动能够缓解恐惧。空处承上启下，D项中的“Physicalexercise”和主题句“Workout”相呼应，“helpyourmusclesrelax”和下文中的“tendtotensetheirmuscles”相呼应，说明体育锻炼也可以帮助你的肌肉放松，因为当人们感到焦虑和恐慌时，往往会使肌肉紧张。所以D项“Physicalexercisecanalsohelpyourmusclesrelax.(体育锻炼也可以帮助你的肌肉放松)”符合语境。故选D。【19题详解】下文“Naturally,peoplemaybreathedeeperandthenmakethesituationworse.(自然，人们可能会深呼吸，然后使情况变得更糟)”说明人们可能出现不正确的呼吸方式。空处是对不正确呼吸后果的说明，与接下来的呼吸指导相契合。所以C项“Incorrectbreathingcanleadtoshortnessofbreath.(不正确的呼吸会导致呼吸急促)”符合语境。故选C。【20题详解】设空处为小标题；根据下文“Picksomethingobjectiveandstudyitdeeply,Thendescribeeverydetailofit.Whenyoufinishoneitem,moveontodescribeotheritems.

(挑选一些客观的东西并深入研究，然后描述它的每一个细节。完成一个项目后，继续描述其他项目)

”以及“Thisexercisecanhelpbringyoubacktothemomentandawayfromfocusingonphysicalsensations.(这个练习可以帮助你回到当下，远离对身体感觉的关注。)”可知本段建议转移注意力，可以选择一个客观物体进行深入观察并描述细节，完成一个项目后，继续描述其他项目，以此来引导思维远离身体感受；所以A项“Shiftyourfocus.(转移你的注意力)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作本段的小标题。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Severalyearsago,Iwasbrokeandhomeless.OnedaywhenI____21____astore,awomaninacarparkedoutsidecalledme.Thoughitwasbroaddaylight,Iwas____22____aboutitwhenIwalkedover.Shesaidshewasunabletomoveand____23____metopurchaseanXbox,agame,forherasherson’sChristmasgift.Shegavemesome____24____andhercreditcard.Iwalkedbackinandboughtonewithhercard—hercashwas____25____forit.Thenitoccurredtomewhyaplete____26____trustedme.“WhatifIjust____27____hercash?Howcouldshepossiblyputsomuch____28____insomeone?”Ihandedallherstuffback,____29____Ihadtopaybyhercard.Withmistyeyes,shesaid,“Justfromglancingatyou,Iknowyouarea____30____friendtosomeoneinneed.Youhaveafaceofa(n)____31____!”Shethenhandedme$20．saying“MerryChristmas!”anddrivingaway.Shehadnoideahowmuchofa____32____even$20made.Iwasabletobuyafew____33____groceriesfortheweekandthatcanreallymakea____34____timeinmylifealittlebetter.ShemaythinkIhelpedher,butI____35____feelliketheonewhowasbeinggiftedsomethingamazing.21.A.entered B.approached C.saw D.exited22.A.shy B.crazy C.disappointed D.excited23.A.ordered B.encouraged C.begged D.allowed24A.advice B.confidence C.food D.cash25.A.insufficient B.irresponsible C.abnormal D.unnecessary26.A.newer B.stranger C.mother D.driver27.A.owed B.loaned C.pocketed D.lost28.A.imagination B.faith C.honor D.strength29.A.requesting B.thinking C.suggesting D.explaining30.A.powerful B.wealthy C.trusty D.reasonable31.A.angel B.owner C.magician D.artist32.A.deal B.difference C.wish D.profit33.A.fresh B.similar C.cheap D.favorite34.A.long B.different C.new D.tough35.A.truly B.naturally C.proudly D.secretly【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.C28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者帮助一位行动不便的陌生女士购物的经历，展现了陌生人之间的相互信任和关爱。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我走出一家商店时，外面停着的一辆车里的一位女士叫我。A.entered进入；B.approached接近；C.saw看见；D.exited出去。根据下文“awomaninacarparkedoutsidecalledme”可知，外面一辆车里有一位女士叫住了作者，所以作者是从商店走了出去。故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然是大白天，但当我走过去时还是对此感到有些害羞。A.shy害羞的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.disappointed失望的；D.excited兴奋的。根据上文“

awomaninacarparkedoutsidecalledme”可知，外面一辆车里有一位女士叫住了作者，作者并不认识这个女士，所以当一个陌生人叫住作者时，作者感觉有点不好意思或者害羞。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她无法动弹，请求我为她买一个Xbox游戏机作为她儿子的圣诞礼物。A.ordered命令；B.encouraged鼓励；C.begged乞求；D.allowed允许。根据上文“Shesaidshewasunabletomove”可知，女士因为行动不便，无法给儿子买礼物，所以她请求作者帮助她。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给了我一些现金和她的信用卡。A.advice建议；B.confidence信心；C.food食物；D.cash现金。根据下文“I