定语从句语法讲解

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载定语从句一．定语从句的基本用法汉语中的“……的”即为定语。如：“美丽的春天”中的“美丽的”。如果定语由一个句子来充当，此句即称之为定语从句。由定语所修饰的词叫做先行词，如“春天”。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。它们的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词。判断使用什么引导词要判成分，看指代。关系代词成分指人指物指人和物作主语whowhichthat作宾语who;whom;/which;/that作定语whosewhosewhose作介宾(介词放在关系代词之前)whomwhich作介宾(介词放在句末)whom；who;that;/which;that;/that关系副词作状语表时间表地点表原因when=in/onwhichwhere=in/atwhichwhy=forwhich二．关系代词that,which用法之别引导定语从句的关系代词which,that在修饰先行词时，一般可换用，有时则不可。它们引导定语从句有最基本的三点区别：=1\*GB3①that只用于限制性的定语从句；which可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句。=2\*GB3②that可指人也可指物；which只可指物。=3\*GB3③that不能至于介词后，引导定语从句时把介词放于句后，which可置于介词后,也可把介词放在定语从句后面.下面就which,that不宜换用的情况，作一归纳：1．只可用that的定语从句=1\*GB3①在修饰时间、地点等先行词时，只可用that代替when,where等关系副词，而不能用which。Thatwasthetimethat(=when)hearrived(at).=2\*GB3②same所修饰的先行词后可用that而不可用which。YesterdayImetthesamescientistthat(=as)youmetlastyear.=3\*GB3③主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是疑问代词who时，定语从句要用that而不用which(who,whom)引导。（避免重复）WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?Whothathasseenhimdoesn’tadmirehim?2．多用that（极少用which）的定语从句。=1\*GB3①先行词为不定代词all,everything,nothing,anything,something,little,much,few,onlything,best等或名词前带有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等时，关系代词一般用that。Inthisschoolwesawmuch(little)thatwasdifferentfromours.Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.YoumustpayattentiontoeverythingthatIwilldo.=2\*GB3②先行词包括人和物时用that.Ourschoolmastertalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.=3\*GB3③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级（包括first,last）或被only,very等修饰时关系代词一般只用that。Heistheonlypersonthatisreliable.What’sthefirst(best,last,only)Englishmagazinethatyouhaveeverread?=4\*GB3④关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，多用that引导。Ourvillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.3.只用which不用that的定语从句。=1\*GB3①在定语从句中作介词宾语且置于该介词后，只用which。（介词在前）Theroominwhichweliveisveryclean.=2\*GB3②在先行词是物的非限制性定语从句中，只用which.Ienjoythedress,whichmymotherboughtformybirthday.=3\*GB3③定语从句是比较级，先行词是物，只能用thanwhich(指人用thanwhom),than之后不用that。Hereisourschool,thanwhichthereisnothingbetterinourcounty.这是我校，在我县再也没有比这更好的学校了。=4\*GB3④先行词是that，指物，后面不能再用that，而要用which。（避免重复）What’sthatwhichismovingonthetable?在桌子上移动的东西是什么？三、whose的用法。1．既可修饰人，又可修饰物，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可修饰非限制性定语从句。2.“whose+名词”，有时可用“the+n.+of+which/whom”或“of+which/whom+the+n.”替换。Thehousewhosewindowsarepaintedgreenbelongstome.=Thehouse,thewindowsofwhicharepaintedgreen,belongstome.=Thehouse,ofwhichthewindowsarepaintedgreen,belongstome.四、关系词的省略（做宾语）1．关系代词作及物动词的宾语时。That’sonething(that/which)Ihaven’tforgottentoday.Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdaywasJohn’sbrother.2．关系代词作介词短语的宾语，且介词放在句末时。Isthisyourcomputerroom(that/which)youworkin?Thestranger(who/whom/that)thevillagespaidavisitcamefromFrance.注：若介词提前，关系代词必须用which代表事物，用that代表人，而且不可省略。Isthisyourcomputerroominwhichyouwork?ThestrangertowhomthevillagespaidavisitcamefromFrance.五、which和as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别1.都可代表整个主句的意思，都可在从句中作主语或宾语。Shewasabsent,which/asisoftenthecase.Heislying,which/asanybodycansee.2．如果从句的谓语动词是系动词，从句的主语可用as，也可用which；如果从句的谓语动词是行为动词，就只能用which。Hesaidheknewnothingabouttheaccident,as/whichwasalie.Ourteamwon,whichmadeusveryhappy.3．as引导的从句可放在主句的前边或后边，意为“正如”；which引导的从句只能放在主句的后边，意为“这一点”。Asisknowntoall,TaiwanhasalwaysbeenapartofChina.Herspeechwaswonderful,aswehadexpected.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.4.用在such…as,和thesame…as引导的定语从句中。Theword“write”hasthesamepronunciationastheword“right”.Heisn’tsuchamanaswouldbowbeforedifficulties.六、介词提前1．介词提前包括以下几种情况=1\*GB3①介词（包括复杂介词）+which/whom=2\*GB3②介词+which/whose+n.(此时，which和whose都作定语)=3\*GB3③限定词（some,none,all,both,several,either,many等）+ofwhich/whom=4\*GB3④数词或最高级+ofwhich/whom2.判断介词一要看句意，二要看搭配关系，即看后边的位于动词和前边被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词之间应搭配什么介词。（练习转换从句）=1\*GB3①Thereisagreatdealofoxygenaroundus,withoutwhichwecouldnotlive.(wecouldnotlivewithoutoxygen)=2\*GB3②Shemetmyfather,fromwhomshegotthenewsofmysister’smarriage.(shegotthenewsfrommyfather)=3\*GB3③Inthelonelycountryroad,hesawnobodyaround,towhomhecouldturnforhelp.(hecouldturntonobodyforhelp)定语从句专项练习=1\*ROMANI.在句子的横线上填上适当的引导词，必要时加适当的介词。1．Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintomouth.2.Wealllikeourmathsteacher,_____hasaspecialwayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.3.Thetallmaninaraincoat,_____nobodyrecognized,turnedouttobeMary’sfather.4.TheboyyoumetjustnowisTom,_____compositionwonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.5.TheprofessorissupposedtocomeonMonday,______he’llgiveusalectureonhowtolearnEnglish.6.Wecametoasmallvillage,_____wereceivedawarmwelcome.7.HehastoworkonSunday,______hedoesn’tlike.8.WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSunday,_____theweathermaybebetter.9.MrSmith,_______lifewashardthen,workedveryhardtosupporthisfamily.10.Thefactoryhas1,000workers,___300arewomen.11.Igavehimawarming,_____heturnedadeafear.12.Thatoldmanhastwosons,both_______aresoldiers.13.Thisdictionary,afewpages____aremissing,isofnouse.14.Sixteenyearslater,hereturnedtohishometown,____hehadbeenbroughtupasanorphan.15.Tooursurprise,ayoungplayer,______wehadneverheardofbefore,wonthegoldmedal.16.HevisitedAmericaandCanada,______countrieshehadagoodtime.17.Chinahasmanyislands,thelargest______isTaiwan.18.Iverymuchrespectourmonitor,_______helpIhavemadegreatprogress.19.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.20._______isknowntoall,Chinawillbeapowerfulcountryin20or30years.21.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeonlyafter5:30pm,_____timemanypeoplehavegonehome.=2\*ROMANII.单项选择1．TheywereforcedtoworkinAfrica_____neededskilledworkers.A.whereB./C.whichD.inwhich2.Thisistheplace_____myunclevisitedlastyear.A.inwhichB.thatC.whereD.inthat3.Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersons____theyrememberedintheirschooldays.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom4.Thewoman___youmetinthelibraryjustnowisourEnglishteacher.A.herB.whichC.whoD.whose5.Thisisthebuilding____wasbuiltlastyear.A./B.whoC.whichD.it6.Thebaby____isnothers.A.ofthatsheistakinggoodcareB.whosheistakinggoodcareC.ofwhomsheistakinggoodcareD.whosesheistakinggoodcare7.Thehouse____wasblownoffhasbeenrepaired.A.whoseroofB.theroofofthatC.ofwhichroofD.roofofwhich8.Theman,____daughterIworked,wasverykindtous.A.withwhoseB.withwhomC.whoseD.ofwhose9.Iknowaboy,_____isaprofessor.A.ofwhoseB.fatherofwhomC.ofhisfatherD.whosefather10.Thewoman,____,isafamousscientist.A.whosesonIamlookingafterB.afterwhosesonIamlookingC.hersonIamlookingafterD.Iamlookingafterherson11.a.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?b.Isthisthemuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone12.a.Thisbook_____shespenttwoyearssoldwell.b.Thisbook_____costhertwoyearssoldwell.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.where13.a.John,_____carIwenttotown,isanexpertonmedicine.b.John,_____Iwenttotown,isanexpertonmedicine.A.whoseB.inwhoseC.withwhomD.who14.a.Thewoman_____hewasmarriedwasadoctor.b.Thewoman_____hemarriedwasadoctor.A.whomB.withwhomC.whoseD.towhom15.a.Doyoustillrememberthedays______weworkedonthefarm?b.Doyoustillrememberthedays______wespenttogether?A.which