初中语法新被动语态第十课

初中语法被动语态A.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时：was/were+p.p.一般将来时：shall/willbe+p.p.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+p.p.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时：should/wouldbe+p.p.含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p.①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.haveB.明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;2.强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree____________bythatboy.C.熟练转换1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词+一般疑问句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同义句)②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改为被动语态)Where______vegetables______?(填were;grown)D.注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变;②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：①Hetoldusastory.(变被动语态)→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim.②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.2.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary.A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(变被动语态)Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingHe__________________swiminQianling4.不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup?(改为被动语态)→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?E.注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1)含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。(系表结构)Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)2)用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修饰。试比较：Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)F.牢记(相关)句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1.becoveredwith被……覆盖2.bemadeof由……制作(发生物理变化)bemadefrom由……制作(发生化学变化)bemadein由(某地)制造bemadeby被(某人)制造3.beusedfor被用来……beusedas被当作(作为)……来使用beusedtodosth.被用来做某事4.Itissaidthat...据说……Itishopedthat...希望……Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……例如：单项选择1.—Whatdoesyoursisterlikedoinginhersparetime？—ShewatchingTV.A.likesB.likedC.haslikedD.hadliked2.—WhenJessytoNewYork？—Yesterday.A.does;getB.did;getC.has;gotD.had;got3.—Howcleanthebedroomis!—Yes,Iamsurethatsomeoneit.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned4.—Wouldyoupleaselendmeyourbike？—.A.SureB.No,thanksC.NevermindD.Itwasapleasure5.—Don'ttrytoanythingfromme,Mary.—Iknownothingaboutit,mum!Iwassleepingatthattime!A.hearB.cheatC.getD.hide6.—Whydoyougetupsoearlyinthemorning,Tarcy？—Igenerallymakeitatobeupby7toreadEnglish.A.planB.wishC.secretD.rule7.—IthougthyouhadEnglish.—No.Ithasbeenusefulinmywork.A.studiedB.droppedC.failedD.passed8.—Wheredidyougoonholidaythissummer？England？—Youare.Wewentona10-daytourtoParis.A.funnyB.rightC.coolD.close9.—Dothedishes,Mike,orIwilltellmum!—Mindyourown,Sue!A.actionB.dutyC.businessD.way10.—Weneedtoatimetohaveatalk,now!—Whatabouttomorrow？Iamtoobusytoday.A.putupB.fixupC.useupD.lookup11.—MayIwatchTVforawhile？—No,you.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.shouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.won't12.—WhatshouldIdohere？—Justputallthethingstheywere.A.whereB.whenC.whoseD.which13.—Hi,Sunny.Yournewflatissonice!—Thanks,.A.don'tmentionitB.mypleasureC.helpyourselfD.makeyourselfathome14.Theyplantedtreeson_________sideoftheroad.A.both Beach C.all D.every15.—ItisreportedthatitwillrainhardnextSunday.—_______,We’replanningtogoboatingthatday.A．Idon’tthinksoB．IhopesoC．I’mafraidnotD．Ihopenot阅读理解Goodmorning.Theprogramtodayisaboutmusic.Theword“music”comesfromtheGreekword“muse”.TheMusesarethegoddessesofthearts.Musicisonlyoneofthearts.Itislikethespokenlanguage,butisusessounds.Today'sprogrambringstogethermusicfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.Whoinventedmusic？Whosangthefirstsong？Nooneknowsexactlytheanswerstothesequestions.Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryone'slife.Babiesandyoungchildrenlovetohearpeoplesingingtothem.Whentheyarealittleolder,theyliketosingthesongstheyhaveheard.Whenchildrengotoschool,theirworldofmusicgrows.Inthemiddlegradesstudentstakemusiclessons.Whentheyreachhighschool,theybecomeinterestedinlisteningtopopmusic.TherecordswehavechosenforyoutodayareformAmericancountrymusic,Indianmusic,popmusicandsoon.Musichasmeaningforeveryone.Itcanmakepeoplehappyoritcanmakethemsad.Inthisprogramweshallstudythelanguageofmusic.Weshallbetryingtofindoutmoreabouthowmusicworks.Weshalltrytofindouthowmusicsayswhatpeoplefeel.Now,herecomesthemusictoday,Ishallexplainwhytheyareallgoodmusic…1.ThefirstparagraphismainlyabouttheA.stylesofmusicB.historyofmusicC.tasteofmusicD.knowledgeof