新高考英语二轮复习大题突破+限时集训专题04 阅读理解议论文（解析版）

专题04阅读理解议论文议论文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅理解中的CD篇，主要考查学生的图辑思维能力。从文章中的细节、主旨以及写作意图等方面着手、学生能从中总结出一个论点出来。议论文是说理性的文章，通常由论点、论据、论证过程和结论组成。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。AcompanyinYancheng,Jiangsuprovince,reportedlyintroducedaninternaldocumentrequiringallemployeestostopusingiPhones.ThosewhocontinueusingiPhonescouldlosetheirjobswhilethosewhoswitchtoHuaweiwouldgetsubsidies,thedocumentsaid.Askedwhy,aseniorcompanyexecutivesaidthemovewastoensurethesecurityofinformationandcommercialsecrets,andtoencouragealltosupportdomesticbrands.Someenterprisesandagenciesmighthavesecurityconcerns,butforthecompanyinvolvedthatseemsunlikely,anditseemstobemoreofapublicityploy.Therehavebeeninstancesinthepast,too,ofotherprivatecompaniesforbiddingemployeesfromusingiPhonesandinsistingtheysupportChinesebrands.AtatimewhentheUnitedStatesgovernmentisforcingUScompaniestostopdoingbusinesswithHuawei,itisgoodtoseeChinesecompatriots(同胞)supportingChinesebrands.However,itisn’tApplethatisstoppingsupplyingchipsandotherhigh-techpartstoHuawei.ItisUSpoliticians.ThepresidenthasalsoissuedexecutiveorderstoshutdownTikToksoastoforceittosellitsUSbusinessestoanAmericancompany.ThebestwaytosupportChinesecompaniesistospeakoutagainstthoseUSpoliticians.Itisadvisable,forexample,tocreateawarenessamongfriendsintheUSaboutthewaysinwhichthesepoliticiansareharmingbothChineseandUSinterests.BoycottingUSbrandssuchasAppleisnotatalladvisable.Itnotonlyviolates(侵犯)anindividual’spersonalrighttochoosewhatheorshelikes,italsocreatesalotofmisunderstanding.Ofcourse,organizationsthatdealwithcriticalinformationcanasktheiremployeestousedomesticbrands.Butthatmustbedonelegally.EvenHuaweifounderRenZhengfeisaidthatpatriotismshouldnotdecidewhetheronewantsaniPhoneoraHuawei.HesaidthathehadboughtApplecomputersforhisfamilyandthathiscompanymustlearnfromitscompetitors.1．Theunderlinedword“subsidies”inParagraph1probablymeans.A．jobsB．bonusC．punishmentD．compliment2．WhydidthecompanyrequireitsemployeestostopusingiPhonesaccordingtoitsleadership?A．Theythoughtthecompany’ssecretinformationmightbestolenbyiPhones.B．TheyfeltguiltandshameatusingiPhones.C．Theyhadtoobeytheorderofthelocalgovernment.D．TheythoughtusingiPhoneswasanactofshowingoff.3．AccordingtothepassageallthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat________.A．someenterprisesandindividualsdon’tuseiPhonestotaketheirpatrioticstandB．AppleisstoppingsupplyingchipstoHuaweiC．boycottingUSbrandsisnotatallwiseandappropriateD．RenZhengfeiandhisfamilyalsouseAppleproducts4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．WeNeedtoUniteAgainstUsingiPhonesB．OneCompanyPloyMatterstoOneCountry’sFutureC．Can’tForceHuaweitoBeAppleofOne’sEyeD．ChineseCompatriots-Let’sSwitchtoHuawei【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章报道国内有些企业因为美国政府迫使美国的一些公司停止和华为的贸易往来而禁止员工使用苹果手机，作者对这一观点进行了驳斥，提出抵制苹果等美国品牌根本不可取。这不仅侵犯了个人选择的权利，也造成了很多误解。当然，处理关键信息的机构可以要求员工使用国产品牌。但这必须是合法的。1．B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“ThosewhocontinueusingiPhonescouldlosetheirjobswhilethosewhoswitchtoHuaweiwouldgetsubsidies.(那些继续使用苹果手机的人可能会失去工作，而那些转而使用华为的人将获得subsidies)”中while可知，前后句是对比关系，“losetheirjobs”与“getsubsidies”相对，结合选项可知，使用苹果手机的人可能会失去工作，而使用华为的人将获得“奖金”，划线词与bonus同义。故选B。2．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“aseniorcompanyexecutivesaidthemovewastoensurethesecurityofinformationandcommercialsecrets，andtoencouragealltosupportdomesticbrands．Someenterprisesandagenciesmighthavesecurityconcerns(该公司一位高管表示，此举是为了确保信息和商业秘密的安全，并鼓励所有人支持国产品牌。部分企业和机构可能存在安全顾虑)”可知，领导层要求员工停止使用苹果手机是因为他们认为公司的机密信息可能会被苹果手机窃取。故选A。3．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“However,itisn’tApplethatisstoppingsupplyingchipsandotherhigh-techpartstoHuawei.ItisUSpoliticians.(然而，停止向华为供应芯片和其他高科技零部件的并不是苹果公司。而是美国政客)”可知，停止向华为供应芯片和其他高科技零部的并不是苹果公司，而是美国政客们的行为，所以B项错误。故选B。4．C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合选项最后两段中“BoycottingUSbrandssuchasAppleisnotatalladvisable.Itnotonlyviolates(侵犯)anindividual’spersonalrighttochoosewhatheorshelikes,italsocreatesalotofmisunderstanding.(抵制苹果等美国品牌根本不可取。这不仅侵犯了个人选择他或她喜欢的东西的权利，也造成了很多误解)”和“EvenHuaweifounderRenZhengfeisaidthatpatriotismshouldnotdecidewhetheronewantsaniPhoneoraHuawei.(就连华为创始人任正非也表示，爱国主义不应该决定一个人是想要苹果还是华为)”可知，本文驳斥了有些企业禁止员工使用苹果手机的作法，提出抵制苹果等美国品牌根本不可取，任何人无论使用苹果手机还是华为手机都是个人的喜好和权利，不能用“爱国主义”来绑架。由此推知C项“Can’tForceHuaweitoBeAppleofOne’sEye(不能强迫华为成为掌上明珠)”是本文要表达的观点，即不能通过抵制的手段来迫使人们选择使用华为手机。故选C。第一，抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：1.Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。2.Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restatingtheidea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。（一）、Mathandmusicaretwoentirelydifferentfieldsofstudy,butthereisastrongrelevancebetweenthem.Atsomepoint,theytendtooverlap,anditiscommonforpeoplegoodatmathtobegoodatmusic.Itmayseemillogicaltocomparethetwo,buttherearemoresimilaritiesbetweenmathandmusicthanyouwouldimagine.Numberscantellusmoreaboutmusic.Soundsstrangebutit’strue.Musicisdividedintosectionsthatarecalledmeasures,whereeachmeasurehasequalamountsofbeats.Thisiscomparabletomathematicaldivisionsoftime.Now,eachpieceofmusicwilltellushowmanybeatsthereareineachmeasure.Allthemusicnoteshavenumericalconnectionsandanumberofbeats.Itisimportanttounderstandthevalueoffractions(分数)andnotestocountthemusiccorrectly.Thebiggestsimilaritybetweenmathandmusicinpattern.Forexample,musichasrepeatingchoruseswhilemathusespatternstoexplaintheunknown.Youcanusedifferentmathematicalphenomenainmusic.Theseincludegeometry(几何学),signalprocessing,etc.Infact,researchhasshownthatwhenmusicshowssomemathematicalstructure,ittendstobemorepopular.Inadditiontotheirsharedelements,mathandmusiccanbetaughtusingtheprinciplesofboth.Astudentwhoenjoysmathandmusiccanbenefitfromboth.Forexample,musiccamenhancecognitionandreasoningskills.Forinstance,Einsteinlistenedtomusicwhensolvingmathproblemstoincreaseclarity.Similarly,playingmusiccanimprovecognition,asitincreasescommunicationbetweenthetwobrains.Musicisagatewaytomanythings,anduntilnow,youprobablydidn’trealizethatit’sjustasdemanding,analytical,logicalandscientificasmath.Somethingassimpleaslearning“MaryHadaLittleLamb”onthepianoisactuallysettingyourchildupforbiggerandbetterthings;maybethey’llpickupPythagoras(毕达哥拉斯)inaflash,maybethey’llbeageniusinmath,perhapsthey’llonedaydiscovertheirowntheoryofrelativity.1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutmathandmusic?A．Mathandmusicaredeeplyintertwined.B．Musicisatotallydifferentsubjectfrommath.C．Itsoundsreasonabletocomparemathandmusic.D．Peopleexpertatmathalltendtobemusiclovers.2．What’smainlyabouttheparagraph2?A．Measureisapieceofmusic. B．Mathhelpsinreadingmusic.C．Musicsoundappearsstrange. D．Musicbeatsequaltomathnumbers.3．Whatstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Patternsarecommoninbothmathandmusic.B．Certainmusicskillsarepractisedviachoruses.C．Musicprincipleseemseasierthanmathematics.D．Reasoningskillsinmathchieflyrelyonmusic.4．Whatmessagedoesthelastparagraphconvey?A．Musicalinvolvementpromotestobeagenius.B．Musicallowskidstocombinemathwithpiano.C．Musicofferskidspotentialsuccessinmathematics.D．Musicmayenhancethemathematicsskillsofallkids.【语篇解读】本文为一篇议论文。数学和音乐属于两个完全不同的研究领域，但是两者间有着很强的相关性，数学引导人们理解音乐，而小时候学音乐也可能使人今后在数学方面取得成就。1．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Mathandmusicaretwoentirelydifferentfieldsofstudy,butthereisastrongrelevancebetweenthem.Atsomepoint,theytendtooverlap,anditiscommonforpeoplegoodatmathtobegoodatmusic.Itmayseemillogicaltocomparethetwo,buttherearemoresimilaritiesbetweenmathandmusicthanyouwouldimagine.(数学和音乐是两个完全不同的研究领域，但它们之间有很强的相关性。在某些时候，它们往往会重叠，擅长数学的人擅长音乐是很常见的。比较两者似乎不合逻辑，但数学和音乐之间的相似之处比你想象的要多。)”可知，音乐和数学之间有重叠，有很强的相关性，与A项“Mathandmusicaredeeplyintertwined(数学和音乐深深交织在一起)”意思相近，故选A。2．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Numberscantellusmoreaboutmusic.Soundsstrangebutit’strue.Musicisdividedintosectionsthatarecalledmeasures,whereeachmeasurehasequalamountsofbeats.Thisiscomparabletomathematicaldivisionsoftime.Now,eachpieceofmusicwilltellushowmanybeatsthereareineachmeasure.Allthemusicnoteshavenumericalconnectionsandanumberofbeats.Itisimportanttounderstandthevalueoffractions(分数)andnotestocountthemusiccorrectly.(数字可以告诉我们更多关于音乐的信息。听起来很奇怪，但这是真的。音乐被分成几个小节，每个小节都有等量的节拍。这与数学上的时间划分相当。现在，每一段音乐都会告诉我们每个小节有多少拍。所有的音符都有数字连接和节拍数。理解分数的价值和音符对正确计算音乐很重要)”可知，本段主要阐述数字能告诉我们音乐的信息，即：数字有助于我们理解音乐。故选B。3．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thebiggestsimilaritybetweenmathandmusicinpattern.(数学和音乐最大的相似之处在于模式。)”可知，作者同意“模式在数学和音乐是共有的”这个说法。故选A。4．C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Musicisagatewaytomanythings,anduntilnow,youprobablydidn’trealizethatit’sjustasdemanding,analytical,logicalandscientificasmath.Somethingassimpleaslearning‘MaryHadaLittleLamb’onthepianoisactuallysettingyourchildupforbiggerandbetterthings;maybethey’llpickupPythagoras(毕达哥拉斯)inaflash,maybethey’llbeageniusinmath,perhapsthey’llonedaydiscovertheirowntheoryofrelativity.(音乐是通往许多事物的大门，直到现在，你可能还没有意识到它和数学一样要求高、分析性强、逻辑性强、科学性强。像在钢琴上学习《玛丽有只小羊羔》这样简单的事情，实际上是在为你的孩子做更大更好的事情做准备，也许他们会在一瞬间学会毕达哥拉斯（的数学），也许他们会成为数学天才，也许有一天他们会发现自己的相对论。)”可知，音乐有助于孩子获取其他的知识，学习音乐的孩子将来可能会在数学方面取得成功。故选C。（二）、Neuroscientists(神经科学家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone’sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheadolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapableasadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheircriminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfordifferentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuro-scientificsenseifwediditreasonably.Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn’thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right”ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.5．Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?A．Allthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.B．Scientists’brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians’.C．Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn’tmatureuntil18.D．Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.6．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Intolerant.7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．It’sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.B．ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthantheUSA．C．It’sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.D．Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.8．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?B．CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?C．ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?D．CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要议论了神经科学家对人大脑的成熟有了新的认知，即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些，由此是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限，即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定，但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单，由此文章解释了两个原因，即对该问题进行了否定回答。5．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Neuroscientists(神经科学家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.(神经科学家现在知道，大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚得多。)”可知，大脑成熟的时间并不像以前想象的那么早。故选D。6．A【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.(虽然神经科学总是正确的，但遗憾的是它不会对政治产生太大的影响。)”以及最后一段“EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS(即使我坚信法律决定应该认真参考神经科学，在美国降低饮酒年龄和提高驾驶年龄是个好主意)”可知，作者认为神经科学给出的结论是正确的，只是它没有受到政治的关注，未对政治产生重大影响。由此推断作者对神经科学持有的是支持的态度。故选A。7．A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.(例如，荷兰允许16岁的孩子喝酒，但直到19岁才能开车。)”可知，荷兰是允许16岁的孩子喝酒的，但是19岁才能开车即19岁以下开车是违法的。故选A。8．C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Neuroscientists(神经科学家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.(神经科学家现在知道，大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚得多。)”；以及本段中“Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?(这一新知识是否会让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限？)”以及第二段中“Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.(也许吧。但事情并不像看上去那么简单，原因有二。)”可知，本文主要议论了神经科学家对人大脑的成熟有了新的认知，即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些，由此是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限，即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定，但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单，由此文章解释了两个原因，即对该问题进行了否定回答。故C选项“ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?(神经科学会影响法律决策吗？)”符合文章标题。故选C。一、（2022·河北·校联考模拟预测）Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.“Thespace-timepatternofanimalprecursors(预兆)andforeshocksisstrikinglysimilar,”Woithsaid.“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon’thavesuperpower.”Despitethevastnumberofincidences,goodinformationwaslittleandscientificevidenceislacking.“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof,”Woithsaid.Tobetterstudywhetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes,Woithandhiscolleaguessuggestedthatresearchersaskanumberofyes-or-noquestionsinanyupcomingexperiments,including“Istheexperimentalsetupandmonitoringprocedureclearlydescribedandreproducible?”and“Isitproventhattheanimalbehaviorisreallyunusual?”Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.1．HowdidWoithconductthestudy?A．Byanalyzingformerreports.B．Byobservinganimals’behavior.C．Bycollectingdataintheearthquake.D．Bycomparinganimals’differentresponses.2．WhatisWoith’snewfinding?A．Tigersbecomedepressedeasily. B．Certainanimalshavesuperpower.C．Someanimalscanreacttoforeshocks. D．Animalsinthesameareaactsimilarly.3．Whatsurprisedthescientistsinthestudy?A．Allreportedcasestookplaceinthesamearea.B．Thereweretoomanyreportsaboutforeshocks.C．Someanimalsactstrangelybeforeearthquakes.D．Thepreviousreportslackaccuratedatasupport.4．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Howanimalsbehaveinearthquakes.B．Whetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes.C．Whatisthelinkbetweenanimalsandearthquakes.D．Whypeoplestudyanimals’behaviorinearthquakes.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。1．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段话“Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.(为了弄清这个问题的真相，德国地球科学研究中心(GermanResearchCentreforGeosciences)的科学家海科·沃斯(HeikoWoith)和他的同事们评估了超过700份已发表的关于130种物种异常行为的报告，其中包括160次地震中的昆虫、鸟类、鱼类、猫、狗和牛。这些记录包括各种各样的行为，包括一只老虎，据说它在地震前会感到沮丧。)”可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。2．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段话“Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.(研究人员发现，90%的报告病例发生在震中62英里和地震的60天内。然后，他们研究了该地区发生前震的时间和地点，并得出结论，很难说这些动物能够预测地震本身。它们只是对前震做出反应。)”和第四段话“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon’thavesuperpower.(由此，我们得出结论，动物的异常行为可能只是与前震有关。这些动物只是对前震做出反应，而不是预测地震。他们没有超能力)”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C。3．D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段话“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof,(令我们惊讶的是，大多数发表的观点都是建立在糟糕的观察数据基础上的，这些数据不能作为统计科学证据，)”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作科学数据。故选D。4．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段话“Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.(地震发生后，当地面停止晃动的那一刻，一些人可能会想，他们的宠物——或者野生动物——是否知道灾难即将来临。)”和最后一段话“Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.(与此同时，人类正在研究能够在地震发生前几秒钟检测到地震的技术。希望我们会有这样的设备来警告人们地震即将来临。)”可知，文章在讨论动物是否有预测地震的超能力。故选B。二、（2022·福建福州·统考三模）Climbing,Ioncethought,wasaverymanlyactivity,butasIfoundmywayintothisactivity,Icametoseethatsomethingquitedifferenthappensontherock.Likewildswimming,rockclimbinginvolvesyouintothelandscape.Ontherock,Iamfullypresent.Eyespaycloseattention.earsarealert(警觉的),andhandsmoveacrossthesurface.Unlikewalking,whereIcouldhappilywanderaboutabsent-mindedly,inclimbing,attentiveobservationisessential.AsanartsstudentstudyingEnglishliterature,Idiscoveredanewtypeofreadingfromoutdoorclimbing.Goingoutontothecrags(悬崖),Isawhowyoucanlearntoreadtherocksanddevelopavocabularyofphysicalmovements.Goodclimbersknewhowtomaptheirbodiesontothestone.Watchingthem,Iwantedtopossessthatskillfullanguage.MyleaphappenedwhenIworkedfortheCairngormsNationalParkAuthority.GuidingmyexplorationsintothisstrangenewlandscapewasNanShepherd.Unlikethegoal-directedmindsetofmanymountaineers,sheisnotconcernedwithpeaksorpersonalbeats.ShepherdseesthemountainasatotalenvironmentandshecelebratestheCaingormsasaplacealivewithplants,rocks,animalsandelements.Throughhergenerousspiritandmyownwanderings,Isawthatrockclimbingneednotbeaprocessoftestingyourselfagainstanything.Rather,theintensityoffocuscouldreleaseyouintoanotherwayofbeing.Spendingsomuchtimeinhighandstonyplaceshaschangedmyviewontheworldandourplaceinit.Ihavecomeintophysicalcontactwithprocessesthatgowaybeyondtheeveryday.Workingwithgravity,geology(地质学),rhythmsofweatheranddeeptime,Igainanactualrelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrockclimbing.Ireturntotherocks,becausethisiswhereIfeelintouch—withourland.5．Whydoestheauthorlikeclimbing?A．Itchallengeshertocompetewithmen.B．Irallowsherauriqueattitudetowardrock.C．Itteachesherhowtopossessanewlanguage.D．Itmakesherfeelconnectedwiththeworld.6．Whatdoesthewriterfindimportantinclimbing?A．Balance. B．Concentration. C．Determination. D．Curiosity.7．WhatdoesthewriterlearnfromNanShepherd?A．Climbinggoestogetherwithnature.B．Everymountaintopiswithinreach.C．Thebestclimberistheonehavingfun.D．Youcannotachievehighunlessyouchange.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagrap5referto?A．Time. B．Contact. C．Theworld. D．Myview.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文，作者喜欢爬山，文章讲述了作者对爬山的理解及从爬山得到的感悟。5．D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Workingwithgravity,geology(地质学),rhythmsofweatheranddeeptime,Igainanactualrelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrockclimbing.(通过研究重力、地质、天气节奏和深层时间，我获得了与地球的真实关系。这种联系正是我对攀岩的热情所在)”可知，作者喜欢爬山是因为爬山可以与世界产生联系。故选D。6．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中中“Ontherock,Iamfullypresent.Eyespaycloseattention,earsarealert(警觉的),andhandsmoveacrossthesurface.Unlikewalking,whereIcouldhappilywanderaboutabsent-mindedly,inclimbing,attentiveobservationisessential.(在岩石上，我完全存在于这里。眼睛密切关注，耳朵警觉，手在水面上移动。不像散步，我可以愉快地心不在焉地漫步，在爬山时，全神贯注的观察是必不可少的)”可知，作者发现爬山时专注很重要。故选B。7．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“ShepherdseesthemountainasatotalenvironmentandshecelebratestheCaingormsasaplacealivewithplants,rocks,animalsand.elements.(Shepherd把这座山视为一个完整的环境，她赞美Caingorms是一个充满了植物，岩石，动物和各种元素的地方)”可知，作者从Shepherd身上学到爬山是与大自然融为一体。故选A。8．C【解析】指代猜测题。根据最后一段首句“Spendingsomuchtimeinhighandstonyplaceshaschangedmyviewontheworldandourplaceinit.(在高处多石的地方呆了这么长时间，改变了我对世界和我们在其中的地位的看法)”可知，此处指作者通过爬山改变了对世界和自身在世界中的地位的看法，it指代前文的“世界”。故选C。三、（2022·广东·华南师大附中校考一模）Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstotunclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep."What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’t

keeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantum

computingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“quantum”standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype.buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.9．HowdoestheauthorfeelsaboutTobnson’sconcerns?A．Approving. B．Unconcerned C．Doubtful. D．Excited.10．WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A．Hisdominanceinphysics. B．Thecompetitioninthefield.C．HisconfidenceinPyQuantum. D．Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.12．Whichwouldbethebesttideforthepassage?A．IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B．IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C．WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D．WillQuantunComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。9．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnson